References
- Arampatzis, A., Brüggemann, G.-P., & Metzler, V. (1999). The effect of speed on leg stiffness and joint kinetics in human running. Journal of Biomechanics, 32, 1349–1353. doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00133-5
- Baxter, J. R., Novack, T. A., Van Werkhoven, H., Pennell, D. R., & Piazza, S. J. (2012). Ankle joint mechanics and foot proportions differ between human sprinters and non-sprinters. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279(1735), 2018–2024. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2358
- Bruening, D. A., Pohl, M. B., Takahashi, K. Z., & Barrios, J. A. (2018). Midtarsal locking, the windlass mechanism, and running strike pattern: A kinematic and kinetic assessment. Journal of Biomechanics, 73, 185–191. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.010
- Butler, R. J., Hillstrom, H., Song, J., Richards, C. J., & Davis, I. S. (2008). Arch height index measurement system: establishment of reliability and normative values. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 98(2), 102–106. doi:10.7547/0980102
- Cigoja, S., Firminger, C. R., Asmussen, M. J., Fletcher, J. R., Edwards, W. B., & Nigg, B. M. (2019). Does increased midsole bending stiffness of sport shoes redistribute lower limb joint work during running? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(11), 1272–1277. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.06.015
- Daniels, J., & Daniels, N. (1992). Running economy of elite male and elite female runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(4), 483–489.
- Day, E. M., & Hahn, M. E. (2019). Dynamic angular stiffness about the metatarsophalangeal joint increases with running speed. Human Movement Science, 67(July), 102501. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2019.102501
- Day, E., & Hahn, M. (2019). Optimal footwear longitudinal bending stiffness to improve running economy is speed dependent. Footwear Science, 12(1), 3–13. doi:10.1080/19424280.2019.1696897
- Di Michele, R., & Merni, F. (2014). The concurrent effects of strike pattern and ground-contact time on running economy. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(4), 414–418. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.05.012
- Farina, E. M., Haigh, D., & Luo, G. (2019). Creating footwear for performance running. Footwear Science, 11(S1), S134–S135. doi:10.1080/19424280.2019.1606119
- Farley, C. T., & González, O. (1996). Leg stiffness and stride frequency in human running. Journal of Biomechanics, 29(2), 181–186. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(95)00029-1
- Ferris, D. P., Liang, K., & Farley, C. T. (1999). Runners adjust leg stiffness for their first step on a new running surface. Journal of Biomechanics, 32, 787–794. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00078-0
- Fletcher, J. R., Groves, E. M., Pfister, T. R., & Macintosh, B. R. (2013). Can muscle shortening alone, explain the energy cost of muscle contraction in vivo? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113, 2313–2322. doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2665-0
- Flores, N., Le Gendre, E., Rao, G., Verton, E., & Delattre, N. (2019). Relationships between biomechanics, anthropometrics, and running economy as a function of shoe mechanical feature variations. Footwear Science, 11(S1), S48–S49. doi:10.1080/19424280.2019.1606071
- Fuller, J. T., Bellenger, C. R., Thewlis, D., Tsiros, M. D., & Buckley, J. D. (2015). The effect of footwear on running performance and running economy in distance runners. Sports Medicine, 45, 411–422. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0283-6
- Goldmann, J. P., & Brüggemann, G. P. (2012). The potential of human toe flexor muscles to produce force. Journal of Anatomy, 221(2), 187–194. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01524.x
- Hoogkamer, W., Kipp, S., Frank, J. H., Farina, E. M., Luo, G., & Kram, R. (2017). A comparison of the energetic cost of running in marathon racing shoes. Sports Medicine, 48, 1009–1019.
- Hoogkamer, W., Kipp, S., Spiering, B. A., & Kram, R. (2016). Altered running economy directly translates to altered distance-running performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(11), 2175–2180. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001012
- Hunter, I., McLeod, A., Valentine, D., Low, T., Ward, J., & Hager, R. (2019). Running economy, mechanics, and marathon racing shoes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(20), 2367–2373. doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1633837
- Keller, T. S., Weisberger, A. M., Ray, J. L., Hasan, S. S., Shiavi, R. G., & Spengler, D. M. (1996). Relationship between vertical ground reaction force and speed during walking, slow jogging, and running. Clinical Biomechanics, 11(5), 253–259. doi:10.1016/0268-0033(95)00068-2
- Kim, S., & Park, S. (2011). Leg stiffness increases with speed to modulate gait frequency and propulsion energy. Journal of Biomechanics, 44, 1253–1258. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.02.072
- Kipp, S., Grabowski, A. M., & Kram, R. (2018). What determines the metabolic cost of human running across a wide range of velocities? Journal of Experimental Biology, 221(18), jeb184218. doi:10.1242/jeb.184218
- Kyröläinen, H., Belli, A., & Komi, P. V. (2001). Biomechanical factors affecting running economy. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(8), 1330–1337. doi:10.1097/00005768-200108000-00014
- Liebl, D., Willwacher, S., Hamill, J., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (2014). Ankle plantarflexion strength in rearfoot and forefoot runners: A novel clusteranalytic approach. Human Movement Science, 35, 104–120. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2014.03.008
- Lindorfer, J., Kröll, J., & Schwameder, H. (2019). Does enhanced footwear comfort affect oxygen consumption and running biomechanics? European Journal of Sport Science, 1–9. doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1640288
- Lundberg, A., Svensson, O. K., Nemeth, G., & Selvik, G. (1989). The axis of rotation of the ankle joint. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, 71(1), 94–99.
- Luo, G., Stergiou, P., Worobets, J., Nigg, B., & Stefanyshyn, D. (2009). Improved footwear comfort reduces oxygen consumption during running. Footwear Science, 1(1), 25–29. doi:10.1080/19424280902993001
- Madden, R., Sakaguchi, M., Tomaras, E. K., Wannop, J. W., & Stefanyshyn, D. (2016). Forefoot bending stiffness, running economy and kinematics during overground running. Footwear Science, 8(2), 91–98. doi:10.1080/19424280.2015.1130754
- Nigg, B. M., Vienneau, J., Smith, A. C., Trudeau, M. B., Mohr, M., & Nigg, S. R. (2017). The preferred movement path paradigm: Influence of running shoes on joint movement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 49(8), 1641–1648. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001260
- Oh, K., & Park, S. (2017). The bending stiffness of shoes is beneficial to running energetics if it does not disturb the natural MTP joint flexion. Journal of Biomechanics, 53, 127–135. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.014
- Oleson, M., Adler, D., & Goldsmith, P. (2005). A comparison of forefoot stiffness in running and running shoe bending stiffness. Journal of Biomechanics, 38, 1886–1894. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.08.014
- Ridge, S. T., Myrer, J. W., Olsen, M. T., Jurgensmeier, K., & Johnson, A. W. (2017). Reliability of doming and toe flexion testing to quantify foot muscle strength. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 10(1), 1–7. doi:10.1186/s13047-017-0237-y
- Roy, J.-P. R., & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2006). Shoe midsole longitudinal bending stiffness and running economy, joint energy, and EMG. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(3), 562–569.
- Sanno, M., Willwacher, S., Epro, G., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (2018). Positive work contribution shifts from distal to proximal joints during prolonged run. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(12), 2507–2517. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001707
- Scholz, M. N., Bobbert, M. F., van Soest, A. J., Clark, J. R., & van Heerden, J. (2008). Running biomechanics: shorter heels, better economy. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 3266–3271. doi:10.1242/jeb.018812
- Stefanyshyn, D., & Fusco, C. (2004). Increased shoe bending stiffness increases sprint performance. Sports Biomechanics, 3(1), 55–60. doi:10.1080/14763140408522830
- Stefanyshyn, D. J., & Nigg, B. M. (2000). Influence of midsole bending stiffness on joint energy and jump height performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(2), 471–476. doi:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00032
- van Melick, N., Meddeler, B. M., Hoogeboom, T. J., Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M. W. G., & van Cingel, R. E. H. (2017). How to determine leg dominance: The agreement between self-reported and observed performance in healthy adults. PLoS One, 12(12), e0189876. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189876
- Williams, D. S., Davis, I. M. C., Scholz, J. P., Hamill, J., & Buchanan, T. S. (2004). High-arched runners exhibit increased leg stiffness compared to low-arched runners. Gait and Posture, 19(3), 263–269. doi:10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00087-0
- Willwacher, S., König, M., Braunstein, B., Goldmann, J.-P., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (2014). The gearing function of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness. Gait & Posture, 40, 386–390. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.05.005
- Willwacher, S., König, M., Potthast, W., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (2013). Does specific footwear facilitate energy storage and return at the metatarsophalangeal joint in running? Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 29, 583–592. doi:10.1123/jab.29.5.583