608
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Implications of a strategic analysis: the operational strategy of Loyalist paramilitaries

Pages 4-25 | Received 24 May 2011, Accepted 31 Aug 2011, Published online: 10 Nov 2011

References

  • Aughey , A. and McIlheney , C. 1981 . The Ulster Defence Association: Paramilitaries and politics . Conflict Quarterly , 11 ( 2 ) : 32 – 46 .
  • Aughey , A. and McIlheney , C. 1983 . Law before violence? The Protestant paramilitaries in Ulster politics . EIRE/Ireland , 19 : 55 – 75 .
  • Bruce , S. 1992 . The Red Hand: Protestant paramilitaries in Northern Ireland , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Bruce , S. 1997 . Victim selection in ethnic conflict: Motives and attitudes in Irish Republicanism . Terrorism and Political Violence , 9 : 56 – 71 .
  • Bruce , S. 2001 . Terrorists and politics: The case of Northern Ireland's Loyalist paramilitaries . Terrorism and Political Violence , 13 : 27 – 48 .
  • Cavanaugh , K. A. 1997 . Interpretations of political violence in ethnically divided societies . Terrorism and Political Violence , 9 : 33 – 54 .
  • Dillon , M. 1990 . The Shankill butchers: A case study of mass murder , London : Arrow .
  • Dillon , M. and Lehane , D. 1973 . Political murder in Northern Ireland , Middlesex : Penguin .
  • Drake , C. J.M. 1996 . The phenomenon of conservative terrorism . Terrorism and Political Violence , 8 : 29 – 46 .
  • Frampton , M. 2010 . Legion of the rearguard: Dissident Irish republicanism , Dublin : Irish Academic Press .
  • Frieden , J. 1999 . “ Actors and preferences in international relations ” . In Strategic choice and international relations , Edited by: Lake , D. and Powell , R. 39 – 76 . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Harris , L. 2006 . Introducing the strategic approach: An examination of Loyalist paramilitaries in Northern Ireland . British Journal of Politics and International Relations , 8 : 539 – 549 .
  • Harris , L. 2008a . “ Duck or rabbit? The value systems of Loyalist paramilitaries in Northern Ireland ” . In Irish Protestant identities , Edited by: Busteed , M. , Neal , F. and Tonge , J. 305 – 318 . Manchester : Manchester University Press .
  • Harris , L. 2008b . “ Exit, voice and loyalty: Signalling of Loyalist paramilitaries in Northern Ireland ” . In Transforming the peace process in Northern Ireland: From terrorism to democratic politics , Edited by: Edwards , A. and Bloomer , S. 79 – 96 . Dublin : Irish Academic Press .
  • Harris , L. 2011 . “ Quis Separabit? Loyalist transformation and their understanding of the strategic environment in Northern Ireland ” . In Ulster Loyalism after the Good Friday Agreement: History, identity and change , Edited by: McAuley , J. and Spencer , G. 87 – 103 . London : Palgrave .
  • McAuley , J. W. 1996 . From Loyal soldiers to political spokesperson: A political history of a Loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland . Études Irlandaises , 21 : 165 – 179 .
  • McAuley , J. W. 2003 . Whither new Loyalism? Changing Loyalist politics after the Belfast Agreement . Irish Political Studies , 20 : 323 – 340 .
  • McAuley , J. W. 2004 . ‘Just fighting to survive’: Loyalist paramilitary politics and the Progressive Unionist Party . Terrorism and Political Violence , 16 ( 3 ) : 522 – 543 .
  • McAuley , J. W. and Spencer , G. 2011 . Ulster Loyalism after the Good Friday Agreement: History, identity and change , Edited by: McAuley , J. W. and Spencer , G. London : Palgrave .
  • McDowell , J. 2001 . Godfathers: Inside Northern Ireland's drug racket , Dublin : Gill & Macmillan .
  • McKittrick , D. , Kelters , S. , Feeney , B. and Thornton , C. 2001 . Lost lives: The stories of the men, women and children who died as a result of the Northern Ireland Troubles , Edinburgh : Mainstream .
  • McMichael , G. 1999 . An Ulster voice: In search of common ground in Northern Ireland , Dublin : Roberts Rinehart .
  • Monaghan , R. 2004 . ‘An imperfect peace’: Paramilitary ‘punishments’ in Northern Ireland . Terrorism and Political Violence , 16 ( 3 ) : 439 – 461 .
  • Neumann , P. R. 2003 . Britain's long war: British Strategy in the Northern Ireland conflict, 1969–1998 , New York , NY : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Neumann , P. R. 2004 . The imperfect peace: Explaining paramilitary violence in Northern Ireland . Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement , 11 : 116 – 138 .
  • Neumann , P. R. and Smith , M. L.R. 2005 . Strategic terrorism: The framework and its fallacies . The Journal of Strategic Studies , 28 : 571 – 595 .
  • Neumann , P. R. and Smith , M. L.R. 2008 . The strategy of terrorism: How it works, and why it fails , New York , NY : Routledge .
  • New Ulster Political Research Group . 1979 . Beyond the religious divide , Belfast : J. McMichael .
  • North Belfast Prisoner's Aid . 1999 . A brief history of the UDA/UFF in contemporary conflict , Belfast : Prisoner's Aid and Post Conflict Resettlement Group .
  • O'Duffy , B. 1995 . Violence in Northern Ireland 1969–1994: Sectarian or ethno-national? . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 18 : 740 – 772 .
  • O'Kane , E. 2007 . Britain, Ireland, and Northern Ireland since 1980: A totality of relationships , London : Routledge .
  • Shirlow , P. and Monaghan , R. 2006 . Forward to the past? Interpreting contemporary and future Loyalist violence ESRC End of Award Research Report, RES-000-22-1013, 1–5
  • Shirlow , P. , Tonge , J. and McAuley , J. 2010 . Abandoning historical conflict? Former political prisoners and reconciliation in Northern Ireland , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
  • Smith , M. L.R. 1991 . The role of the military instrument in Irish Republicanism strategic thinking. An evolutionary analysis (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of London
  • Smith , M. L.R. 1997 . Fighting for Ireland? The military strategy of the Irish Republican movement , London : Routledge .
  • Smith , M. L.R. 1999 . The intellectual internment of a conflict: the forgotten war in Northern Ireland . International Affairs , 75 ( 1 ) : 77 – 97 .
  • Southern , N. 2011 . “ Loyalism: Political violence and decommissioning ” . In Ulster Loyalism after the Good Friday Agreement: History, identity and change , Edited by: McAuley , J. and Spencer , G. 199 – 213 . London : Palgrave .
  • Spencer , G. 2008 . The state of Loyalism in Northern Ireland , London : Palgrave .
  • Spencer , G. 2011 . “ The contemporary politics of the Ulster Defence Association: In discussion with Jackie McDonald ” . In Ulster Loyalism after the Good Friday Agreement: History, identity and change , Edited by: McAuley , J. and Spencer , G. 214 – 225 . London : Palgrave .
  • Taylor , P. 1999 . Loyalists , London : Bloomsbury .
  • UDA . 1992–2008 . Warrior ,
  • UVF . 1974–2006 . Combat ,
  • Wood , I. S. 2006 . Crimes of loyalty: A history of the UDA , Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.