The effects of self-classification on perceptions of security levels and civil liberties among a sample of college students

References

• Altheide, D. L. (2006). Terrorism and the politics of fear. Cultural Studies, Critical Methodologies, 6(4), 415–439. doi: 10.1177/1532708605285733
   Google Scholar
• Becker, H. (1997). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. New York, NY: The Free Press. (Originally published in 1963.)
   Google Scholar
• Beckett, K., & Sasson, T. (2002). The War on crime as hegemonic strategy: A neo-Marxian theory of the new punitiveness in U.S. criminal justice policy. In S. Simpson (Ed.), Of crime and criminality: The use of theory in everyday life (pp. 61–84). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.
   Google Scholar
• Best, S. J., & McDermott, M. S. (2007). Measuring opinions vs. non-opinions: The case of The USA Patriot Act. The Forum, 5(2), 1–27. doi: 10.2202/1540-8884.1150
   Google Scholar
• Bonn, S. (2010). Mass deception: Moral panic and the US war on Iraq. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chenowith, E. (2013). Terrorism and democracy. Annual Review of Political Science, 16, 355–378. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-032211-221825
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, R. (2004). Rituals of solidarity and security in the wake of terrorist attack. Sociological Theory, 22(1), 53–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9558.2004.00204.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, D. W., & Silver, B. D. (2004). Civil liberties vs. security: Public opinion in the context of the terrorist attacks on America. American Journal of Political Science, 48(1), 28–46. doi: 10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00054.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. L., & Bingham, R. D. (1985). Civil liberties and Nazis: The Skokie free speech controversy. New York, NY: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Harlow, R., & Dundes, L. (2004). ‘United’ we stand: Responses to the September 11 attacks in black and white. Sociological Perspectives, 47(4), 439–464. doi: 10.1525/sop.2004.47.4.439
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawdon, J., & Wood, R. (2014). Crime, fear, and legitimating ideologies: State of the union addresses as hegemonic strategy. Criminal Justice Review, 39(4), 377–393. doi: 10.1177/0734016814538649
   Google Scholar
• Hiltz, S. R., Han, H. J., & Briller, V. (2002). Public attitudes towards a national identity ‘smart card’: Privacy versus security concerns. Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, Big Island, Hawaii.
   Google Scholar
• Huddy, L., Feldman, S., Taber, C., & Lahav, G. (2005). Threat, anxiety, and support of antiterrorism policies. American Journal of Political Science, 49(3), 593–608. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00144.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, H. O. (2013). Do national feelings influence public attitudes towards immigration? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(3), 1461–1477. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2013.815428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, A. A. (2014). Ambivalence, political engagement and context. Political Studies, 62, 502–521. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.12063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, K., & Locy, T. (2003, August 15). Patriot Act at heart of Ashcroft’s influence. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003-09-15-ashcroft-usat_x.htm
   Google Scholar
• Kam, C., & Palmer, C. (2008). Reconsidering the effects of education on political participation. The Journal of Politics, 70(3), 612–631. doi: 10.1017/S0022381608080651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiesa, A., Orlowski, A. P., Levine, P., Both, D., Kirby, E. H., Lopez, M. H., & Marcelo, K. B. (2008). Millennials talk politics: A study of college student political engagement. College Park, MD: Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement.
   Google Scholar
• Knowles, E. D., Lowery, B. S., Shulman, E. P., & Schaumberg, R. L. (2013). Race, ideology and the Tea Party: A longitudinal study. PLos ONE, 6(8), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C. (2013). Democracy, civil liberties, and hostage-taking terrorism. Journal of Peace Research, 50(2), 235–248. doi: 10.1177/0022343312465424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner, J. S., Gonzalez, R. M., Small, D. A., & Fischhoff, B. (2003). Effects of fear and anger on perceived risks of terrorism: A national field experiment. Psychological Science, 14(2), 144–150. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.01433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, B. (2002). Precarious balance between civil liberties and national security: A historical perspective. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 27(2), 18–34.
   Google Scholar
• McClosky, H., & Brill, A. (1983). Dimensions of tolerance: What Americans believe about civil liberties. New York, NY: Russell Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Nellis, A. M., & Savage, J. (2012). Does watching the news affect fear of terrorism? The importance of media exposure on terrorism fear. Crime & Delinquency, 58(5), 748–768. doi: 10.1177/0011128712452961
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann, P. G., & Weinstein, L. (2001). Risks of national ID cards. Communications of the ACM, 12, 176.
   Google Scholar
• O’Harrow, R. Jr., & Krim, J. (2001, December 17). National ID card gaining support. The Washington Post, p. A01.
   Google Scholar
• Piazza, J. A. (2008). Do democracy and free markets protect us from terrorism? International Politics, 45(1), 72–91. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ip.8800220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillar, P. R. (2011). American perceptions of terrorism in the post-9/11 decade. CTC Sentinel, 4(9), 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, K. A. (2011). Framing Islam: An analysis of U.S. media coverage of terrorism since 9/11. Communication Studies, 62(1), 90–112. doi: 10.1080/10510974.2011.533599
   Google Scholar
• Powell, L., & Self, W. R. (2004). Personalized fear, personalized control, and reactions to the September 11 attacks. American Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 55–70.
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, A. M., Haridakis, P. M., Hullman, G. A., Sun, S., Chikombero, P. M., & Pornsakulvanich, V. (2003). Television exposure not predictive of terrorism fear. Media Studies of September 11: Newspaper Research Journal, 24(1), 128–145.
   Google Scholar
• Scheeres, J. (2001, September). ID cards are de rigueur worldwide. Wired News. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com
   Google Scholar
• Schoon, I., Cheng, H., Gale, C. R., Batty, G. D., & Deary, I. J. (2010). Social status, cognitive ability, and educational attainment as predictors of liberal social attitudes and political trust. Intelligence, 38(1), 144–150. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2009.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skitka, L. J. (2005). Patriotism or nationalism? Understanding post-September 11, 2001, flag displaying behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(10), 1995–2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02206.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sniderman, P. M., Fletcher, J. F., Russell, P. H., & Tetlock, P. E. (1996). The clash of rights: Liberty, equality, and legitimacy in pluralist democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sung, H. N. (2006). Democracy and criminal justice in cross-national perspective: From crime control to due process. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 605, 311–337. doi: 10.1177/0002716206287546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torabi, M. R., & Seo, D. C. (2004). National study of behavioral and life changes since September 11. Health Education & Behavior, 31(2), 179–192. doi: 10.1177/1090198103259183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrecchia, P. J., & Hendrix, N. (2015). The effects of individual characteristics on perceptions of security levels and civil liberties: An examination over a decade after 9/11. Virginia Social Science Journal, 50, 4–10.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, R. L., Foster, L. N., & Krohn, K. R. (2008). Relationships of patriotism measures to critical thinking and emphasis on civil liberties versus national security. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 8(1), 139–156. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00165.x
   Google Scholar