Social Influence by Manipulation: A Definition and Case of Propaganda

References

• Allison , G. T. 1971 . Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis , Boston : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1999 . Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities . Personality & Social Psychology Review , 3 : 193 – 209 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bandura , A. 2004 . “ The Role of Selective Moral Disengagement in Terrorism and Counterterrorism ” . In Understanding Terrorism: Psychological Roots, Consequences and Interventions , Edited by: Mogahaddam , F. M. and Marsella , A. J. 121 – 150 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 2006 . Mechanisms of moral disengagement in support of military force: The impact of Sept. 11 . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 25 : 141 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernays , E. L. 1928 . Propaganda , New York : Liveright Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Bovard , J. 2003 . Terrorism and Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil , New York : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Dodge , R. 1920 . The psychology of propaganda . Religious Education , 15 : 241 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Doob , L. W. 1950 . Goebbels’ Principles of Propaganda . The Public Opinion Quarterly , 14 : 419 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrlich , E. 1985 . Nil Desperandum: A Dictionary of Latin Tags and Useful Phrases , London : Robert Hale .
   Google Scholar
• Eisman , A. 2003 . The media of manipulation: patriotism and propaganda—mainstream news in the United States in the weeks following September 11 . Critical Quarterly , 45 : 55 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Ekman , P. 1992 . Telling Lies. Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage , New York : W.W. Norton & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Ellul , J. 1973 . Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes , New York : Vintage Books .
   Google Scholar
• Ellul , J. 1981 . The ethics of propaganda: Propaganda, innocence, and amorality . Communication , 6 : 159 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Entman , C. G. 2003 . Cascading activation: Contesting the White House's frame after 9/11 . Political Communication , 20 : 415 – 433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewen , S. 1996 . PR: A Social History of Spin , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Geertz , C. 1964 . “ Ideology as a cultural system ” . In Ideology and Discontent , Edited by: Apter , D. E. 47 – 75 . New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin , T. 1980 . The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making & Unmaking of the New Left , California : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1981 . The Theory of Communicative Action , 2 vols , Boston : Beacon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hall Jamieson , K. 2007 . Justifying the war in Iraq: What the Bush Administration's uses of evidence reveal . Rhetoric & Public Affairs , 10 : 249 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Herman , E. S. and Chomsky , N. 1994 . Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media , London : Vintage .
   Google Scholar
• Hiebert , R. E. 2003 . Public relations and propaganda in framing the Iraq war: A preliminary review . Public Relations Review , 29 : 243 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitler , A. 1925–1927 . Mein Kampf , 2 Vols. , München : Franz Eher Nachf .
   Google Scholar
• Israel , J. 1973 . Sosiologi , Oslo : Gyldendal .
   Google Scholar
• Ivie , R. L. 2007 . Fighting terror by rite of redemption and reconciliation . Rhetoric & Public Affairs , 10 : 221 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson-Cartee , K. and Copeland , G. A. 2004 . Strategic Political Communication: Rethinking Social Influence, Persuasion, and Propaganda , New York : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Jowett , G. and O'Donnell , V. 1999 . Propaganda and Persuasion , California : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Karim , H. K. 2001 . Cyber-utopia and the myth of paradise: Using Jaques Ellul's work on propaganda to analyze information society rhetoric . Information, Communication and Society , 4 : 113 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Kimble , J. J. 2005 . Whither propaganda? Agonism and ‘the engineering of consent’ . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 91 : 201 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasswell , H. D. 1930 . Psychopathology and Politics , New York : Viking Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , A. M. 1953 . How to Understand Propaganda , New York : Rinehart & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Lumley , F. E. 1929 . The nature of propaganda . Sociology and Research , 13 : 315 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Maier , C. T. 2000 . Crusade Propaganda and Ideology: Model Sermons for the Preaching of the Cross , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mearsheimer , J. J. and Walt , S. M. 2007 . The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy , New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux .
   Google Scholar
• Mele , A. R. 1987 . Irrationality: An Essay on Akrasia, Self-deception, and Self-control , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Miliband , R. 1973 . The State in Capitalist Society , London : Quartet Books .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , C. R. 1937 . How to detect propaganda . Propaganda Analysis , 1 : 5 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrow , L. 2003 . Evil: An Investigation , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Nozick , R. 1993 . The Nature of Rationality , New Jersey : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• O'Shaughnessy , N. J. 2004 . Politics and Propaganda. Weapons of Mass Seduction , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Payne, L. (2003) Available at http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0309-01.htm (accessed March 30, 2009) Bible-Thumping War Drums
   Google Scholar
• Pratkanis , A. R. and Turner , M. E. 1996 . Persuasion and democracy: Strategies for increasing deliberative participation and enacting social change . Journal of Social Issues , 52 : 187 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratkanis , A. R. 1999 . “ Propaganda ” . In Encyclopedia of Human Emotions , Edited by: Levinson , D. , Ponzetti , J. and Jorgensen , P. 536 – 539 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Pratkanis , A. R. and Aronson , E. 2001 . Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion , New York : W.H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Qualter , T. H. 1985 . Opinion Control in the Democracies , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Rojecki , A. 2008 . Rhetorical alchemy: American exceptionalism and the war on terror . Political Communication , 25 : 67 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiller , H. I. 1973 . The Mind Managers , Boston : Beacon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shanahan , J. , ed. 2001 . Propaganda Without Propagandists? Six Case Studies in US Propaganda , New Jersey : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sproule , J. M. 1987 . Propaganda studies in American social science: The rise and fall of the critical paradigm . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 73 : 60 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sproule , J. M. 1997 . Propaganda and Democracy: The American Experience of Media and Mass Persuasion , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Strong , E. K. Jr. 1921 . Control of propaganda as a psychological problem . The Scientific Monthly , 14 : 234 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Sue Lockett , J. 2007 . Going public, crisis after crisis: The Bush Administration and the press from September 11 to Saddam . Rhetoric & Public Affairs , 10 : 195 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Vidal , G. 2002 . Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace: How We Got to be so Hated , New York : Thunder's Mouth Press/Nation Books .
   Google Scholar
• Vivian , B. 2006 . Neoliberal epideictic: Rhetorical form and commemorative politics on September 11, 2002 . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 92 : 1 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton , D. N. 1992 . The Place of Emotion in Argument , University Park, Pennsylvania : Pennsylvania State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Walton , D. N. 1997 . What is propaganda, and what exactly is wrong with it? . Public Affairs Quarterly , 11 : 383 – 413 .
   Google Scholar
• Zarefski , D. 2007 . Making the case for war: Colin Powell at the United Nations . Rhetoric & Public Affairs , 10 : 275 – 302 .
   Google Scholar