776
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Beyond Structure and Contingency: Toward an Interactionist and Sequential Approach to the 2011 Uprisings

ORCID Icon

References

  • Abbott, A. (2001) Time Matters: On Theory and Method (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).
  • Abdelrahman, M. (2011) The Transnational and the Local: Egyptian Activists and Transnational Protest Networks, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 38(3), pp. 407–424.10.1080/13530194.2011.621701
  • Aclimandos, T. (2015) De l’armée Égyptienne. Éléments d’interprétation du ‘grand récit’ d’un acteur-clé du paysage national [The Egyptian Army: Some Elements to Interpret the ‘Great Narrative’ of a Key Player on the National Stage], Revue Tiers Monde [Third World Review], 222(2), pp. 85–102.10.3917/rtm.222.0085
  • Albrecht, H. (2015) Does Coup-Proofing Work? Political-Military Relations in Authoritarian Regimes amid the Arab Uprisings, Mediterranean Politics, 20(1), pp. 36–54.10.1080/13629395.2014.932537
  • Allal, A. (2012) ‘Revolutionary’ Trajectories in Tunisia. Processes of Political Radicalization 2007–2011, Revue Française de Science Politique (English) [French Review of Political Science], 62(5), pp. 821–841.10.3917/rfsp.625.821
  • Allal, A. & Pierret, T. (eds) (2013) Au cœur des révoltes arabes [Inside the Arab Revolts] (Paris: Colin).
  • Allinson, J. (2015) Class Forces, Transition and the Arab Uprisings: A Comparison of Tunisia, Egypt and Syria, Democratization, 22(2), pp. 294–314.
  • Anderson, L. (2000) Dynasts and Nationalists: Why Monarchies Survive, in: Kostiner, J. (ed.) Middle East Monarchies. The Challenge of Modernity, pp. 53–69 (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers).
  • Anderson, L. (2013) ‘Early-Adopters’ and ‘Neighborhood Effects’, in: Henry, C., & Ji-Hyang, J. (eds) The Arab Spring: Will It Lead to Democratic Transitions?, pp. 27–32 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Aya, R. (1990) Rethinking Revolutions and Collective Violence (Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis).
  • Aya, R. (2001) The Third Man; Or, Agency in History; Or, Rationality in Revolution, History and Theory, 40(4), pp. 143–152.10.1111/hith.2001.40.issue-4
  • Baczko, A., Dorronsoro, G. & Quesnay, A. (2013) Mobilisations as a Result of Deliberation and Polarising Crisis. The Peaceful Protests in Syria (2011), Revue Française de Science Politique (English) [French Review of Political Science], 63(5), pp. 1–25.
  • Balsiger, P. (2015) Corporations as Players and Arenas, in: Jasper, J. & Duyvendak, J. W. (eds) Players and Arenas, pp. 119–140 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).
  • Beinin, J. & Vairel, F. (eds) (2013) Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, 2nd edn (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
  • Beissinger, M. R. (2011) Mechanisms of Maidan: The Structure of Contingency in the Making of the Orange Revolution, Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 16(1), pp. 25–43.
  • Beissinger, M. R., Jamal, A. A. & Mazur, K. (2015) Explaining Divergent Revolutionary Coalitions: Regime Strategies and the Structuring of Participation in the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions, Comparative Politics, 48(1), pp. 1–24.
  • Bellin, E. (2012) Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring, Comparative Politics, 44(2), pp. 127–149.10.5129/001041512798838021
  • Bennani-Chraïbi, M. & Fillieule, O. (2012) Towards a Sociology of Revolutionary Situations: Reflections on the Arab Uprisings, Revue Française de Science Politique (English) [French Review of Political Science], 62(5–6), pp. 1–29.
  • Bennani-Chraïbi, M. & Jeghllaly, M. (2012) The Protest Dynamics of Casablanca’s February 20th Movement, Revue Française de Science Politique (English) [French Review of Political Science], 62(5–6), pp. 103–130.
  • Bischof, D. & Fink, S. (2015) Repression as a Double-edged Sword: Resilient Monarchs, Repression and Revolution in the Arab World, Swiss Political Science Review, 21(3), pp. 377–395. 10.1111/spsr.2015.21.issue-3
  • Burgat, F. (2013) La stratégie Al-Assad: Diviser pour survivre [al-Asad’s strategy: Divide to survive], in: Burgat, F. & Paoli, B. (eds) Pas de printemps pour la Syrie [No Spring for Syria], pp. 19–32 (Paris: La Découverte).
  • Burke, III, E. (1988) Islam and Social Movements: Methodological Reflections, in: Burke, III, E. & Lapidus, I. (eds) Islam, Politics, and Social Movements, pp. 17–35 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press).
  • Burke, E., III (2014) The Ethnographic State (Oakland: University of California Press).10.1525/california/9780520273818.001.0001
  • Camau, M. & Vairel, F. (eds) (2014) Soulèvements et recompositions politiques dans le monde arabe [Political Uprisings and Recompositions in the Arab World] (Montréal: Presses Universitaires de Montréal).
  • Camau, M. (2014) Le soulèvement populaire tunisien: Retour sur images [Tunisian Uprising: Back to the Images], in: Camau, M. & Vairel, F. (eds) Soulèvements et recompositions politiques dans le monde arabe, pp. 45–70 (Montréal: Presses Universitaires de Montréal).
  • Chalcraft, J. (2016) Popular Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).10.1017/CBO9780511843952
  • Chartier, R. (1991) The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution (Durham & London: Duke University Press).
  • Clarke, K. (2014) Unexpected Brokers of Mobilization: Contingency and Networks in the 2011 Egyptian Uprising, Comparative Politics, 46(4), pp. 379–397.10.5129/001041514812522770
  • Collombier, V. (2011) Gamal Moubarak et le Parti National Démocratique ou la stratégie du désastre [Gamal Mubarak and the National Democratic Party or the Disaster Strategy], Outre-Terre [Other World], 29(3), pp. 333–345.
  • Dakhli, L. (2013) Tunisia and Syria: Comparing Two Years of Revolution, Middle East Critique, 22(3), pp. 293–301.10.1080/19436149.2013.848617
  • Duboc, M. & Beinin, J. (2013) A Workers’ Social Movement on the Margin of the Global Neoliberal Order, Egypt 2004–2012, in: Beinin, J. & Vairel, F. (eds) Social Movements, Mobilization and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, pp. 205–227 (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
  • Duyvendak, J. W. & Fillieule, O. (2015) Conclusion: Patterned Fluidity: An Interactionist Perspective as a Tool for Exploring Contentious Politics, in: Jasper, J. & Duyvendak, J. W. (eds) Players and Arenas, pp. 295–318 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).
  • El Chazli, Y. (2012) On the Road to Revolution. How did ‘Depoliticised’ Egyptians Become Revolutionaries?, Revue Française de Science Politique (English) [French Review of Political Science], 62(5), pp. 843–865.10.3917/rfsp.625.843
  • El Chazli, Y. (2017) Four Scenes of the Egyptian Revolution in Alexandria: A Microhistory of January 25. How a Series of Contingencies Walked us to the Revolution. Available at: https://www.madamasr.com/en/2017/01/25/feature/politics/four-scenes-of-the-egyptian-revolution-in-alexandria-a-microhistory-of-january-25/, accessed July 26, 2017.
  • Ermakoff, I. (2015) The Structure of Contingency, American Journal of Sociology, 121(1), pp. 64–125.10.1086/682026
  • Fillieule, O. (2015) Disengagement from Radical Organizations: A Process and Multilevel Model of Analysis, in: Klandermans, B. & van Stralen, C. (eds) Movements in Times of Democratic Transition, pp. 34–63 (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press).
  • Gause III, F. G.(2011) Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring: The Myth of Authoritarian Stability, Foreign Affairs, 90(4), pp. 81–90.
  • Geisser, V. & Krefa, A. (2011) L’uniforme ne fait plus le régime, les militaires arabes face aux ‘révolutions’ [The Uniform does not Make the Regime Any More, the Arab Military Faces the ‘Revolutions’], Revue internationale et stratégique [International and Strategic Review], 83(3), pp. 93–102.10.3917/ris.083.0093
  • Goodwin, J., Jasper, J. & Polletta, F. A. (eds) (2001) Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).
  • Haddad, B. (2012) Business Networks in Syria (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).
  • Heydemann, S. & Leenders, R. (2011) Authoritarian Learning and Authoritarian Resilience: Regime Responses to the ‘Arab Awakening’, Globalizations, 8(5), pp. 647–653.10.1080/14747731.2011.621274
  • Heydemann, S. (2015) Explaining the Arab Uprisings: Transformations in Comparative Perspective, Mediterranean Politics, 21(1), pp. 1–13.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (2015) Conclusion: Agency, Context and Emergent Post-uprising Regimes, Democratization, 22(2), pp. 358–374.10.1080/13510347.2015.1010815
  • Hmed, C. (2012) Abeyance Networks, Contingency and Structures: History and Origins of the Tunisian Revolution, Revue Française de Science Politique [English], 62(5), pp. 797–820.10.3917/rfsp.625.797
  • Hmed, C. (2015) Répression d’État et situation révolutionnaire en Tunisie (2010–2011) [State Repression and Revolutionary Situation in Tunisia (2010–2011)], Vingtième Siècle: Revue d’histoire [Twentieth Century. A History Review], 128(4), pp. 77–90.
  • Holmes, A. (2012) There are Weeks when Decades Happen: Structure and Strategy in the Egyptian Revolution, Mobilization, 17(4), pp. 391–410.
  • Jasper, M. J. & Duyvendak, J. W. (eds) (2015) Players and Arenas: The Interactive Dynamics of Protest (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).
  • Jebnoun, N. (2014) In the Shadow of Power: Civil–military Relations and the Tunisian Popular Uprising, The Journal of North African Studies, 19(3), pp. 296–316.10.1080/13629387.2014.891821
  • Ketchley, N. (2014) ‘The Army and the People Are One Hand!’ Fraternization and the 25th January Egyptian Revolution, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 56(01), pp. 155–186.10.1017/S0010417513000650
  • Korotayev, A. V., Issaev, L. M., Malkov, S. & Shishkina, A. P. (2014) The Arab Spring: A Quantitative Analysis, Arab Studies Quarterly, 36(2), pp. 149–169.
  • Kuran, T. (1995) The Inevitability of Future Revolutionary Surprises, American Journal of Sociology, 100(6), pp. 1528–1551.10.1086/230671
  • Kurzman, C. (2004) The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran (Cambridge and Harvard: Harvard University Press).
  • Latté, S. (2015) Des « mouvements émotionnels » à la mobilisation des émotions [From “Emotional Movements” to the Mobilization of Emotions], in: Terrains/Théories [Fieldworks/Theories] ( 2). Available at: https://teth.revues.org/244.
  • Leenders, R. (2012) Collective Action and Mobilization in Dar’a: An Anatomy of the Onset of Syria’s Popular Uprising, Mobilization, 17(4), pp. 419–434.
  • Leenders, R. & Heydemann, S. (2012) Popular Mobilization in Syria: Opportunity and Threat, and the Social Networks of the Early Risers, Mediterranean Politics, 17(2), pp. 139–159.10.1080/13629395.2012.694041
  • McAdam, D., Tarrow, S. & Tilly, C. (2001) Dynamics of Contention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).10.1017/CBO9780511805431
  • Nepstad, S. E. (2013) Mutiny and Nonviolence in the Arab Spring: Exploring Military Defections and Loyalty in Egypt, Bahrain and Syria, Journal of Peace Research, 50(3), pp. 337–349.10.1177/0022343313476529
  • Pace, M. & Cavatorta, F. (2012) The Arab Uprisings in Theoretical Perspective – An Introduction, Mediterranean Politics, 17(2), pp. 125–138.10.1080/13629395.2012.694040
  • Parsa, M. (2000) States, Ideologies and Social Revolutions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).10.1017/CBO9780511491054
  • Pearlman, W. (2013) Emotions and the Microfoundations of the Arab Uprisings, Perspectives on Politics, 11(02), pp. 387–409.10.1017/S1537592713001072
  • Picard, E. (2008) Armée et sécurité au cœur de l’autoritarisme [Army and Security at the Heart of Authoritarianism], in: Dabène, O., Geisser, V. & Massardier, G. (eds) Autoritarismes démocratiques et démocraties autoritaires au XXIe siècle [Democratic Authoritarianism and Authoritarian Democracies in the 21st Century], pp. 303–329 (Paris: La Découverte).
  • Rey, M. (2013) La révolte des quartiers: territorialisation plutôt que confessionalisation [The Revolt of the Districts: Territorialisation rather than Confessionalisation], in: Burgat, F. & Paoli, B. (eds) Pas de printemps pour la Syrie, pp. 84–91 (Paris: La Découverte).
  • Rupp, L. J. & Taylor, V. (1987) Survival in the Doldrums (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Sewell Jr, W. H. (1996) Three Temporalities: Toward an Eventful Sociology, in: McDonald, T. J. (ed.) The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, Vol. 98, pp. 245–280 (Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press).
  • Smaoui, S. & Wazif, M. (2013) Étendard de lutte ou pavillon de complaisance? [Fighting Symbol or Flag of Convenience?], in: Allal, A. & Pierret, T. (eds) Au cœur des révoltes arabes [Inside the Arab Revolts], pp. 55–79 (Paris: Armand Colin).
  • Springborg, R. (2014) Arab Militaries, in: Lynch, M. (ed.) The Arab Uprisings Explained, pp. 142–159 (Columbia: Columbia University Press).
  • Strang, D. & Meyer, J. W. (1993) Institutional Conditions for Diffusion, Theory and Society, 22(4), pp. 487–511. 10.1007/BF00993595
  • Tarrow, S. (1993) Modular Collective Action and the Rise of the Social Movement: Why the French Revolution was Not Enough, Politics & Society, 21(1), pp. 69–90.10.1177/0032329293021001004
  • Tilly, C. (1978) From Mobilization to Revolution (Reading: Addison-Wesley), pp. 189–222.
  • Tilly, C. (1995) European Revolutions: 1492–1992 (Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell Publishing).
  • Tilly, C. (2008) Contentious Performances (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).10.1017/CBO9780511804366
  • Vairel, F. (2014) Politique et mouvements sociaux au Maroc [Politics and Social Movements in Morocco] (Paris: Sciences Po Les Presses).
  • Valbjørn, M. (2015) Reflections on Self-reflections – On Framing the Analytical Implications of the Arab Uprisings for the Study of Arab Politics, Democratization, 22(2), pp. 218–238.10.1080/13510347.2015.1010808
  • Vannetzel, M. (2012) La clandestinité ouverte: réseaux et registres de la mobilisation des frères musulmans en Égypte (2005–2010) [Openly Clandestine: Networks and Registers of the Mobilization of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt (2005–2010)], PhD thesis, Institut d’études Politiques de Paris.
  • Vignal, L. (2014) La révolution ‘par le bas’ en Syrie [Revolution ‘from below’ in Syria], in: Camau, M. & Vairel, F. (eds) Soulèvements et recompositions politiques dans le monde arabe [Political Uprisings and Recompositions in the Arab World], pp. 164–186 (Montréal: Presses Universitaires de Montréal).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.