FairTrade’s theory of change: an evaluation based on the cooperative life cycle framework and mixed methods

References

• Abate, G. T., G. N. Francesconi, and K. Getnet. 2014. “Impact of Agricultural Cooperatives on Smallholders’ Technical Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia.” Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 85: 2.
   Google Scholar
• Arnould, E. J., A. Plastina, and D. Ball. 2009. “Does Fair Trade Deliver on its Core Value Proposition? Effects on Income, Educational Attainment, and Health in Three Countries.” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 28 (2): 186–201. doi:10.1509/jppm.28.2.186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacon, C. 2005. “Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Can Fair Trade, Organic, and Specialty Coffees Reduce Small-Scale Farmer Vulnerability in Northern Nicaragua?” World Development 33 (3): 497–511. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacon, C. M., V. Méndez, M. E. Flores Gómez, D. Stuart, and S. R. Díaz Flores. 2008. “Are Sustainable Coffee Certifications Enough to Secure Farmer Livelihoods? The Millenium Development Goals and Nicaragua’s Fair Trade Cooperatives.” Globalizations 5 (2): 259–274. doi:10.1080/14747730802057688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balineau, G. 2013. “Disentangling the Effects of Fair Trade on the Quality of Malian Cotton.” World Development 44: 241–255. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becchetti, L., and M. Constantino. 2006. Fair Trade on Marginalized Producers: An Impact Analysis on Kenyan Farmers. Rome: University of Rome Working Paper CEIS 220/ECINEQ2006.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, T., A. S. Taffesse, and E. Z. Gabre-Madhin. 2008. “Impact of Cooperatives on Smallholders’ Commercialization Behavior: Evidence from Ethiopia.” Agricultural Economics 39: 147–161. doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00324.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman, A., and J. Rivera, 2010. “The Evidence Base for Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of Sustainable Certification.” Resources for the Future Discussion Paper. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future. http://rff.org/rff/documents/rff-dp-10-17.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Calo, M., and T. A. Wise. 2005. Revaluing Peasant Coffee Production: Organic and Fair Trade Markets in Mexico. Medford, MA: Mimeo, Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, S., and H. White. 2004. “Theory-Based Evaluation: The Case of Social Funds.” American Journal of Evaluation 25 (2): 141–160. doi:10.1177/109821400402500202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, M. L., and M. Chambers. 2007. “The Role of Agricultural Cooperatives in Global Netchains.” Working Paper Presented at the Workshop on Small Farmer Organization and Markets in Developing Countries Organized by INRA‐MOISA and Wageningen University, Montpellier, April 26–27.
   Google Scholar
• De Hoop, T. J. 2011. How Context Matters for Development Effectiveness: A Study into Social Norms and Heterogeneous Impacts. Arnhem: Radboud University Nijmegen. ISBN 978-94-6191-148-3.
   Google Scholar
• De Janvry, A., C. McIntosh, and E. Sadoulet. 2010. “Fair Trade and Free Entry: Generating Benefits in a Disequilibrium Market”. USAID-BASIS Working Paper, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Francesconi, G. N., and N. Heerink. 2011. “Ethiopian Agricultural Cooperatives in an Era of Global Commodity Exchange: Does Organizational Form Matter?” Journal of African Economies 20 (1): 153–177. doi:10.1093/jae/ejq036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godtland, E. M., E. Sadoulet, A. de Janvry, R. Murgai, and O. Ortiz. 2004. “The Impact of Farmer-Field-Schools on Knowledge and Productivity: A Study of Potato Farmers in the Peruvian Andes.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 53: 63–92. doi:10.1086/423253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffee, D. 2007. Brewing Justice: Fair Trade Coffee, Sustainability and Survival. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Karlan, D. 2009. “Thoughts on Randomized Trials for Evaluation of Development: Presentation to the Cairo Evaluation Clinic.” Journal of Development Effectiveness 1 (3): 237–242. doi:10.1080/19439340903134519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Méndez, V. E., C. M. Bacon, M. Olson, S. Petchers, D. Herrador, C. Carranza, L. Trujillo, C. Guadarrama-Zugasti, A. Cordón, and A. Mendoza. 2010. “Effects of Fair Trade and Organic Certifications on Small-Scale Coffee Farmer Households in Central America and Mexico.” Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25 (3): 236–251. doi:10.1017/S1742170510000268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milford, A. 2004. Coffee, Co-Operatives and Competition: The Impact of Fair Trade. Bergen: Mimeo, Chr. Michelsen Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Pawson, R., and N. Tilley. 1997. Realistic Evaluation. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Potts, J., J. van der Meer, and J. Daitchman. 2010. The State of Sustainability Initiatives Review 2010: Sustainability and Transparency. Mimeo, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba, and, International Institute for Environment and Development, London.
   Google Scholar
• Ravallion, M. 2009. “Evaluating Three Stylised Interventions.” Journal of Development Effectiveness 1 (3): 227–236. doi:10.1080/19439340903114644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, P. J. 2007. “Theory-Based Evaluation: Reflection Ten Years On.” Enduring Issues in Evaluation: The 20th Anniversary of the Collaboration between NDE and AEA. New Directions for Evaluation 114: 63–67. doi:10.1002/ev.225.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, P. J. 2009. “Impact Evaluation Design: Matching Impact Evaluation Design to the Nature of the Intervention and the Purpose of the Evaluation.” Journal of Development Effectiveness 1 (3): 217–226. doi:10.1080/19439340903114636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronchi, L. 2002. The Impact of Fair Trade on Producers and their Organisations: A Case Study with Coocafe in Costa Rica. Sussex: Policy Research Unit. University of Sussex.
   Google Scholar
• Ruben, R. 2008. The Impact of Fair Trade. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Ruben, R., and R. Fort. 2012. “The Impact of Fair Trade Certification for Coffee Farmers in Peru.” World Development 40 (3): 570–582. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruben, R., R. Fort, and G. Zúñiga-Arias. 2009. “Measuring the Impact of Fair Trade on Development.” Development in Practice 19 (6): 777–788. doi:10.1080/09614520903027049.
   Google Scholar
• White, H. 2009. “Theory-Based Impact Evaluation: Principles and Practice.” Journal of Development Effectiveness 1 (3): 271–284. doi:10.1080/19439340903114628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, H. 2011. “Achieving High-Quality Impact Evaluation Design through Mixed Methods: The Case of Infrastructure.” Journal of Development Effectiveness 3 (1): 131–144. doi:10.1080/19439342.2010.547588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar