A hierarchical Bayesian approach for risk assessment of melamine in infant formula based on cases of related nephrolithiasis in children

References

• Agresti , A . 1996 . An introduction to categorical data analysis , 79 – 80 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Chan , M , Lo , CK , Cheng , LS , Cheung , TC and Wong , YC . 2009 . Evaluation of testing capabilities for the determination of melamine in milk through an interlaboratory proficiency test programme during the melamine crisis . Food Addit Contam , 26 ( 11 ) : 1450 – 1458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claeys , WL , De Voghel , S , Schmit , JF , Vromman , V and Pussemier , L . 2008 . Exposure assessment of the Belgian population to pesticide residues through fruit and vegetable consumption . Food Addit Contam , 25 ( 7 ) : 851 – 863 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , SM , Johansson , SL , Arnold , LL and Lawson , TA . 2002 . Urinary tract calculi and thresholds in carcinogenesis . Food Chem Toxicol , 40 : 793 – 799 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger , JD . 1990 . Acute uric acid nephropathy . Med Clin North Am , 74 ( 4 ) : 859 – 871 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crump , KS . 1984 . A new method for determining allowable daily intakes . Fundam Appl Toxicol , 4 : 857 – 871 .
   Google Scholar
• Crump , KS , Van Landingham , C , Shamlaye , C , Cox , C , Davidson , PW , Myers , GJ and Clarkson , TW . 2000 . Benchmark concentrations for methylmercury obtained from the Seychelles child development study . Environ Health Perspect , 108 ( 3 ) : 257 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan , N , Fan , Q , Ding , J , Zhao , Y , Lu , J , Ai , Y , Xu , G , Zhu , S , Yao , C Jiang , L . 2009 . Melamine-contaminated powdered formula and urolithiasis in young children . N Engl J Med , 360 : 1067 – 1074 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC. 1999. Some chemicals that cause tumors of the kidney or urinary bladder in rodents and some other substances. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol73/volume73.pdf
   Google Scholar
• IFSAN. 2008. International Food Safety Authorities Network. List of milk products that are confirmed to be positive for melamine, October 2. Available from: http://www.moh.gov.bn/download/list-of-confirmed-contaminated-products.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Il’yasova , D , Hertz-Picciotto , I , Peters , U , Berlin , JA and Poole , C . 2005 . Choice of exposure scores for categorical regression in meta-analysis: a case study of a common problem . Cancer Causes Control , 16 : 383 – 388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingelfinger , JR . 2008 . Melamine and the global implications of food contamination . N Engl J Med , 359 : 2745 – 2748 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , BH , Andersen , JH , Petersen , A and Christensen , T . 2008 . Dietary exposure assessment of Danish consumers to dithiocarbamate residues in food: a comparison of the deterministic and probabilistic approach . Food Addit Contam , 25 ( 6 ) : 714 – 721 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuiper-Goodman , T , Hilts , C , Billiard , SM , Kiparissis , Y , Richard , IDK and Hayward , S . 2010 . Health risk assessment of ochratoxin A for all age-sex strata in a market economy . Food Addit Contam. , 27 ( 2 ) : 212 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam , HS , Ng , PC , Chu , WC , Wong , W , Chan , DF , Ho , SS , Wong , KT , Ahuja , AT and Li , CK . 2008 . Renal screening in children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross-sectional study . Br Med J , 337 : a2991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loomis , D , Richardson , DB and Elliott , L . 2005 . Poisson regression analysis of ungrouped data . Occup Environ Med , 62 : 325 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubin JH, Moore LE, Fraumeni Jr JF, Cantor KP. 2008. Respiratory cancer and inhaled inorganic arsenic in copper smelters workers: a linear relationship with cumulative exposure that increases with concentration. Environ Health Perspect. 116(12): 1661–1665.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council (NRC) . 2009 . Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment , Washington, DC : National Academies Press .
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 1998. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Screening information data set for melamine: CAS No. #108-78-1. Available from: http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/OECDSIDS/108781.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Reimschuessel , R , Gieseker , C , Miller , RA , Rummel , N , Ward , J , Boehmer , J , Heller , D , Nochetto , C , De Alwis , H Bataller , N . 2008 . Evaluation of the renal effects of experimental feeding of melamine and cyanuric acid to fish and pigs . Am J Vet Res , 69 ( 9 ) : 1217 – 1228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , GO . 1996 . Markov chain concepts related to sampling algorithms In: Gilks WR, Richardson S, Spiegelhalter DJ, editors , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Markov chain Monte Carlo in practice . Chapter 3; p. 45–57
   Google Scholar
• Samet , JM , Schnatter , R and Gibb , H . 1998 . Epidemiology and risk assessment . Am J Epidemiol , 25 : 147 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Swaen , GM . 2006 . A framework for using epidemiological data for risk assessment . Hum Exp Toxicol , 25 : 147 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taipei Bureau of Health. 2008. Results of investigation in dietary products with melamine (in Chinese), October 8. Available from: http://www.health.gov.tw/Default.aspx?tabid=36&mid=442&itemid=21734
   Google Scholar
• Tittlemier , SA . 2010 . Methods for the analysis of melamine and related compounds in foods: a review . Food Addit Contam , 27 ( 2 ) : 129 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US FDA/CFSAN. 2008a. US Food and Drug Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Interim safety and risk assessment of melamine and its analogues in food for humans, October 3. Available from: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/melamra.html
   Google Scholar
• US FDA/CFSAN. 2008b. US Food and Drug Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Update. Interim safety and risk assessment of melamine and its analogues in food for humans, November 28. Available from: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/melamra.html
   Google Scholar
• Van Wijngaarden , E , Beck , C , Shamlaye , CF , Cernichiari , E , Davidson , PW , Myers , GJ and Clarkson , TW . 2006 . Benchmark concentrations for methyl mercury obtained from the 9-year follow-up of the Seychelles child development study . Neurotoxicology , 27 : 702 – 709 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , IJ , Chen , PC and Hwang , KC . 2009 . Melamine and nephrolithiasis in children in Taiwan . N Engl J Med , 360 : 1157 – 1158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2009a. Toxicological and health aspects of melamine and cyanuric acid: report of a WHO expert meeting in collaboration with FAO supported by Health Canada, April 16. Rome: World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/infosan_events/en
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2009b. Background paper on toxicology of melamine and its analogues: report of a WHO expert meeting in collaboration with FAO supported by Health Canada. Rome: World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/Melamine_5.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WinBUGS 1.4.3. 2008. MRC Biostatistics Unit. Available from: http://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/bugs
   Google Scholar