Comparison of manual and automatic sampling for monitoring ochratoxin A in barley grain

References

• Andersson , G and Häggblom , P . 2009 . Sampling for contaminants in feed – estimating the concentration of mycotoxins found in bulk samples can be a complicated process . Feed Int , 3 : 16 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Berry , G and Day , NE . 1973 . The statistical analysis of the results of sampling an environment for a contaminant when most samples contain an undetectable level . Am J Epidemiol , 97 ( 3 ) : 160 – 166 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biselli , S , Persin , C and Syben , M . 2008 . Investigation of the distribution of deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A contamination within a 26 t truckload of wheat kernels . Mycotox Res , 24 ( 2 ) : 98 – 104 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blom , G . 1989 . Sannolikhetsteori med tillämpningar , 4. Lund (Sweden) : Studentlitteratur .
   Google Scholar
• Brittain , HG . 2002 . Particle-size distribution II: the problem of sampling powdered solids . Pharm Technol , 7 : 67 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• CAC. 2004. General guidelines on sampling, No. 69. Rome, Italy: FAO/WHO Joint Publications
   Google Scholar
• Casado , MR , Parsons , DJ , Weightman , RM , Magan , N and Origgi , S . 2009 . Modelling a two dimensional spatial distribution of mycotoxin concentration in bulk commodities to design effective and efficient sample selection strategies . Food Addit Contam A , 26 ( 9 ) : 1298 – 1305 .
   Google Scholar
• Denli , M and Perez , JF . 2010 . Ochratoxins in feed, a risk for animal and human health: control strategies . Contr Strateg , 2 : 1065 – 1077 .
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2006a . Commission Recommendation (2006/576/EC) of 17 August 2006 on the presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding . Off J Eur Union , L229 : 7 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2006b . Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuff . Off J Eur Union , L 364 : 5 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). 2006a. Uncertainty of sampling. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Codex Committee on methods of analysis and sampling. Twenty-Seventh Session, Budapest, Hungary, 15–19 May 2006
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). 2006b. Uncertainty of sampling. CX/MAS 06/27/10. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Codex Committee on methods of analysis and sampling. Twenty-Seventh Session, Budapest, Hungary, 15–19 May 2006
   Google Scholar
• Holmberg , T . 1993 . Ochratoxin in cereal grain and its potential effects on animal health , Uppsala (Sweden) : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) . 2001 . ISO 11648-2. Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials – Part 2: Sampling of particulate materials , Geneva (Switzerland) : ISO .
   Google Scholar
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) . 2003 . ISO11648-1. Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials – Part 1: General principles , Geneva (Switzerland) : ISO .
   Google Scholar
• Johansson , AS , Whitaker , TB , Hagler Jr , WM , Giesbrecht , FG , Young , JH and Bowman , DT . 2000 . Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, Part I: Estimation of variance components . J AOAC Int , 83 ( 5 ) : 1264 – 1269 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuiper-Goodman , T . 1996 . Risk assessment of ochratoxin A: an update . Food Addit Contam , 13 ( Suppl ) : 53 – 57 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lund , F and Frisvad , JC . 2003 . Penicillium verrucosum in wheat and barley indicates presence of ochratoxin A . J Appl Microbiol , 95 ( 5 ) : 1117 – 1123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minkkinen , P . 2004 . Practical applications of sampling theory . Chemometr Intell Lab , 74 ( 1, Special Issue: 50 years of Pierre Gy's Theory of Sampling Proceedings: First World Conference on Sampling and Blending (WCSB1) Tutorials on sampling: Theory and Practice ) : 10
   Google Scholar
• Northolt , M , van Egmond , HP and Paulsch , WE . 1979 . Ochratoxin A production by some fungal species in relation to water activity and temperature . J Food Prot , 42 ( 6 ) : 485 – 490 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nowicki , T and Roscoe , M . 2010 . An alternative to slurry mixing to minimise sample preparation variance for determination of ochratoxin A in wheat . World Mycotoxin J , 3 ( 2 ) : 147 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfohl-Leszkowicz , A and Manderville , RA . 2007 . Ochratoxin A: an overview on toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans . Mol Nutr Food Res , 51 ( 1 ) : 61 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey MH, Ellison SLR. 2007. Eurachem/EUROLAB/CITAC/Nordtest/AMC guide: Measurement uncertainty arising from sampling: A guide to methods and approaches. ISBN: 978 0 948926 26 6
   Google Scholar
• Richter , WIF , Baranowski , A , Schuster , M and Scholz , W . 2001 . Bildung von Ochratoxin A bei der Lagerung von Triticale nach künstlicher Infektion mit Penicillium verrucosum in Abhängigkeit unterschiedlicher Feuchtegehalte . Mycotox Res , 17 : 193 – 197 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scudamore , KA . 2005 . Prevention of ochratoxin A in commodities and likely effects of processing fractionation and animal feeds . Food Addit Contam , 22 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 17 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scudamore , KA , Banks , J and MacDonald , SJ . 2003 . Fate of ochratoxin A in the processing of whole wheat grains during milling and bread production . Food Addit Contam , 20 ( 12 ) : 1153 – 1163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar