Determination of siloxanes in silicone products and potential migration to milk, formula and liquid simulants

References

• Chen , GY and Liu , LS . 2004 . Hyphenation of sorbent extraction and solid-matrix time-resolved luminescence using tetracycline in milk as a model analyte . J Agric Food Chem , 52 : 7199 – 7205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRF 2010a . Code of Federal Regulations. Title 40. Protection of the Environment. Part 136. Guidelines establishing test procedures for the analysis of pollutants. Appendix B. Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit. Revision 1.11. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office
   Google Scholar
• CRF 2010b . Codes of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Food and Drugs. Chapter 1. Food and Drug Administrations. Department of Health and Human Services. Subchapter B. Food Human Consumption (continued). Part 173. Secondary food additives permitted in food for human consumption. Subpart D. Specific usage additives. Section 173.340. Defoaming agents. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office
   Google Scholar
• EC . 1995 . Council Directive No. 95/2/EC of 20 February 1995 on food additives other than colours and sweeteners , Brussels : European Community .
   Google Scholar
• EC . 2002 . Council Directive 2002/657/EC of 12 August 1990 on implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results . Off J Eur Commun , L221 : 8 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Felby , S . 1986 . Determination of organosilicon oxide polymers in tissue by atomic absorption spectroscopy using HGA graphite furnace . Forens Sci Int , 32 : 61 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , B , Rhodes-Brower , S and Miller , MR . 2003 . Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane exhibits estrogenic activity in mice via ER alpha . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 192 : 254 – 261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helling , R , Kutschbach , K and Simat , TJ . 2010 . Migration behaviour of silicone moulds in contact with different foodstuffs . Food Addit Contam A , 27 : 396 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helling , R , Mieth , A , Altmann , S and Joachim Simat , T . 2009 . Determination of the overall migration from silicone baking moulds into simulants and food using 1H-NMR techniques . Food Addit Contam A , 26 : 395 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horii , Y and Kannan , Y . 2008 . Survey of organosilicone compounds, including cyclic.and linear siloxanes, in personal-care and household products . Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , 55 : 701 – 710 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IUPAC. 1997. Compendium of chemical terminology. In: A.D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson, compilers. The “Gold Book.” 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
   Google Scholar
• Kala , SV , Lykissa , ED and Lebovitz , RM . 1997 . Detection and characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane)s in biological tissues by GC/AED and GC/MS . Anal Chem , 69 : 1267 – 1272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kala , SV , Lykissa , ED , Neely , MW and Lieberman , MW . 1998 . Low molecular weight silicones are widely distributed after a single subcutaneous injection in mice . Am J Pathol , 152 : 645 – 649 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantiani , L , Farré , M , Sibum , M , Postigo , C , López de Alda , M and Barceló , D . 2009 . Fully automated analysis of beta-lactams in bovine milk by online solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography–electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry . Anal Chem , 81 : 4285 – 4295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keegan , J , Whelan , M , Danaher , M , Crooks , S , Sayers , R , Anastasio , A , Elliott , C , Brandon , D , Furey , A and O’Kennedy , R . 2009 . Benzimidazole carbamate residues in milk: Detection by surface plasmon resonance-biosensor, using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method for extraction . Anal Chim Acta , 654 : 111 – 119 . [My paper]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacina , O , Hradkova , P , Pulkrabova , J and Hajslova , J . 2011 . Simple, high throughput ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry trace analysis of perfluorinated alkylated substances in food of animal origin: milk and fish . J Chromatogr A , 1218 : 4312 – 4321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limm , W , Begley , TH , Lickly , T and Hentges , SG . 2006 . Diffusion of limonene in polyethylene . Food Addit Contam , 23 : 738 – 746 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limm , W and Hollified , HC . 1995 . Effects of temperature and mixing on polymer adjuvant migration to corn oil and water . Food Addit Contam , 12 : 609 – 624 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meuwly , R , Brunner , K , Fragniere , C , Sager , F and Dudler , V . 2005 . Heat stability and migration from silicone baking moulds . Mitt Lebensm Hyg , 96 ( 5 ) : 281 – 297 .
   Google Scholar
• Meuwly , R , Sager , F , Brunner , K and Dudler , V . 2007 . Migration of siloxane oligomers in foodstuffs from silicone baking moulds . Deutsche Lebensm-Rund , 103 : 12, 561 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska , K , Jamrógiewicz , Z and Łukasiak , J . 2003 . Determination of polydimethylsiloxanes by 1H-NMR in wine and edible oils . Food Addit Contam A , 20 : 438 – 444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennington , JAT . 1991 . Silicon in foods and diets . Food Addit Contam , 8 : 97 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , BE , Jones , BA , Ezzell , JL and Porter , NL . 1996 . Accelerated solvent extraction: a technique for sample preparation . Anal Chem , 68 : 1033 – 1039 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Brunte , C , Miguel , E , Albero , B and Tadeo , JL . 2010 . Determination of cyclic and linear siloxanes in soil samples by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry . J Chromatogr , 1217 : 7024 – 7030 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEHSC. 2007. Silicones Environmental, Health and Safety Council (SEHSC) communication to EC/HC on CAS No. 69430-24-6. Herndon (VA): Silicones Environmental, Health and Safety Council
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe , N , Nagase , H and Ose , Y . 1988 . Distribution of silicones in water, sediment and fish in Japanese rivers . Sci Total Environ , 73 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar