Identification of ractopamine glucuronides and determination of bioactive ractopamine residues and its metabolites in food animal urine by ELISA, LC-MS/MS and GC-MS

References

• Barnes PJ. 1997. Effect of β-agonists on airway effector cells. Lung Biol Health Dis. 106:35–64.
   Google Scholar
• Dalidowicz JE, Thomson TD, Babbitt GE. 1992. Ractopamine hydrochloride, a phenethanolamine repartitioning agent: metabolism and residues. In: Hutson DH, Hawkins DR, Paulson GD, Struble CB, editors. Xenobiotics and Food-Producing Animals. Washington (DC): American Chemical Society; p. 234–243.
   Google Scholar
• Elliott CT, Thompson CS, Arts CJM, Crooks SRH, vanBaak MJ, Verheij ER, Baxter GA. 1998. Screening and confirmatory determination of ractopamine residues in calves treated with growth promoting doses of the β-agonist. Analyst. 123:1103–1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority. 2009. Safety evaluation of ractopamine: scientific opinion of the panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed. EFSA J. 1041:1–52.
   Google Scholar
• Freire EF, Borges KB, Tanimoto H, Nogueira RT, Bertolini LCT, de Gaitani CM. 2013. Monitoring of ractopamine concentration in the mixture of this feed additive with vitamin mineral complex and with swine feed by HPLC. Food Addit Contam Part A. 30:796–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang JD, Lin Q, Zhang XM, He XR, Xing XR, Lian WJ, Zuo MM, Zhang QQ. 2011. Electrochemical immunosensor based on polyaniline/poly (acrylic acid) and Au-hybrid graphene nanocomposite for sensitivity enhanced detection of salbutamol. Food Res Int. 44:92–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes CG. 2002. Confirmation and quantitation of ractopamine in equine urine. Lexington (KY): Equine Pharmacology Department, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky.
   Google Scholar
• Lehner AF, Hughes CG, Harkins JD, Nickerson C, Mollett B, Dirikolu L, Bosken J, Camargo F, Boyles J, Troppmann A, et al. 2004. Detection and confirmation of ractopamine and its metabolites in horse urine after paylean® administration. J Anal Toxicol. 28:226–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin KC, Hong CP, Chen SM. 2013. Simultaneous determination for toxic ractopamine and salbutamol in pork sample using hybrid carbon nanotubes. Sens Actuators B Chem. 177:428–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu XY, He XW, Moore C, Wang GH, Coulter C. 2009. Highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for testing ractopamine in cattle and sheep urine. J Anal Toxicol. 33:289–293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu X, Zheng H, Li XQ, Yuan XX, Li H, Deng LG, Zhang H, Wang WZ, Yang GS, Meng M, Xie RM, Aboul-Enein HY. 2012. Detection of ractopamine residues in pork by surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor inhibition immunoassay. Food Chem. 130:1061–1065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maistro S, Chiesa E, Angeletti R, Brambilla G. 1995. Beta blockers to prevent clenbuterol poisoning. Lancet. 346:180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiang ZY, Shentu FQ, Wang B, Wang JP, Chang JY, Shen JZ. 2007. Residue depletion of ractopamine and its metabolites in swine tissues, urine, and serum. J Agric Food Chem. 55:4319–4326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricke EA, Smith DJ, Feil VJ, Larsen GL, Caton JS. 1999. Effects of ractopamine HCI stereoisomers on growth, nitrogen retention, and carcass composition in rats. J Anim Sci. 77:701–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shappell NW, Feil VJ, Smith DJ, Larsen GL, McFarland DC. 2000. Response of C12 mouse and turkey skeletal muscle cells to the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine. J Anim Sci. 78:699–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelver WL, Smith DJ. 2000. Development of an immunoassay for the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine. J Immunoassay. 21:1–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelver WL, Smith DJ. 2002a. Application of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of ractopamine in incurred samples from food animals. J Agric Food Chem. 50:2742–2747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelver WL, Smith DJ. 2002b. Tissue residues of ractopamine and urinary excretion of ractopamine and metabolites in animals treated for 7 days with dietary ractopamine. J Anim Sci. 80:1240–1249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelver WL, Smith DJ. 2003. Determination of ractopamine in cattle and sheep urine samples using an optical biosensor analysis: comparative study with HPLC and ELISA. J Agric Food Chem. 51:3715−3721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelver WL, Smith DJ, Berry ES. 2000. Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine. J Agric Food Chem. 48:4020–4026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelver WL, Thorson JF, Hammer CJ, Smith DJ. 2010. Depletion of urinary zilpaterol residues in horses as measured by ELISA and UPLC-MS/MS. J Agric Food Chem. 58:4077–4083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith DJ, Feil VJ, Huwe JK, Paulson GD. 1993. Metabolism and disposition of ractopamine hydrochloride by turkey poults. Drug Metab Disp. 21:624–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith DJ, Feil VJ, Paulson GD. 2000. Identification and metabolism of turkey biliary metabolites of ractopamine HCl and the metabolism and disposition of synthetic [14C]-ractopamine glucuronides in turkeys. Xenobiotica. 30:427–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith DJ, Shelver WL. 2002. Tissue residues of ractopamine and urinary excretion of ractopamine and metabolites in animals treated for 7 days with dietary ractopamine. J Anim Sci. 80:1240–1249.
   Google Scholar
• Vulić A, Pleadin J, Perši N, Milić D, Radeck W. 2012. UPLC-MS/MS determination of ractopamine residues in retinal tissue of treated food-producing pigs. J Chromatogr B. 895–896:102–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai FL, Huang YQ, Li CY, Wang XC, Lai KQ. 2011. Rapid determination of ractopamine in swine urine using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem. 59:10023–10027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar