Fungal and bacterial metabolites associated with natural contamination of locally processed rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Nigeria

References

• Abbas HK, Cartwright RD, Shier WT, Abouzied MM, Bird CB, Rice LG, Ross PF, Sciumbato GL, Meredith FI. 1998. Natural occurrence of fumonisins in rice with Fusarium sheath rot disease. Plant Dis. 82:22–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas HK, Cartwright RD, Xie W, Mirocha CJ, Richard JL, Dvorak TJ, Sciumbato GL, Shier WT. 1999. Mycotoxin production by Fusarium proliferatum isolates from rice with Fusarium sheath rot disease. Mycopathologia. 147:97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd-Allah EF, Ezzat SM. 2005. Natural occurrence of citrinin in rice grains and its biocontrol by Trichoderma hamatum. Phytoparasitica. 33:73–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adetunji M, Atanda O, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Warth B, Beltrán E, Krska R, Obadina O, Bakare A, Chilaka CA. 2014. Fungal and bacterial metabolites of stored maize (Zea mays, L.) from five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Mycotoxin Res. 30:89–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atehnkeng J, Ojiambo PS, Donner M, Ikotun T, Sikora RA, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R. 2008. Distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus species isolated from maize kernels from three agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Int J Food Microbiol. 122:74–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayejuyo OO, Williams AB, Imafidon TF. 2008. Ochratoxin A burdens in rice from Lagos markets, Nigeria. J Environ Sci Technol. 1:80–84.
   Google Scholar
• Bacon CW, Porter JK, Norred WP. 1995. Toxic interaction of fumonisin B1 and fusaric acid measured by injection into fertile chicken egg. Mycopathologia. 129:29–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beardall JM, Miller JD. 1994. Diseases in humans with mycotoxins as possible causes. In: Miller JD, Trenholm HL, editors. Mycotoxins in grain. Compounds other than aflatoxins. Pt. Paul (MN): Eagan Press; p. 487–539.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett JW, Klich M. 2003. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 16:497–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat R, Rai RV, Karim AA. 2010. Mycotoxins in food and feed: present status and future concerns. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 9:57–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat RV, Vasanthi S. 2003. Mycotoxin food safety risks in developing countries. Food Safety in Food Security and Food Trade, Vision 2020 for Food, Agriculture and Environment, Focus 10, brief 3.
   Google Scholar
• Binder EM, Tan LM, Chin LJ, Handl J, Richard J. 2007. Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 137:265–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çelik M, Aksoy H, Yılmaz S. 2010. Evaluation of Beauvericin genotoxicity with the chromosomal aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and micronucleus assays. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 73:1553–1557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs N, Baldwin K. 2009. Rice Outlook. A Report from the Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, RCF-09F. 2009. Available at www.ers.usda.gov
   Google Scholar
• Commission Regulation (EC) No 1126/2007 of 28 September 2007 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards Fusarium toxins in maize and maize products Official Journal of the European Union, L255/14, 29.9.2007
   Google Scholar
• Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST). 2003. Mycotoxins: risks in plant, animal, and human systems. Task Force Report No. 139, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames (IA).
   Google Scholar
• Daramola B. 2005. Government policies and competitiveness of Nigerian rice economy. Paper presented at the `Workshop on Rice Policy & Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa’ organized by WARDA, Cotonou, Republic of Benin, November 07- 09, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• de Souza MDM, Sulyok M, Freitas-Silva O, Soares Costa S, Brabet C, Machinski Junior M, Sekiyama BL, Vargas EA, Krska R, Schuhmacher R. 2013. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in maize and poultry feeds from brazil by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Sci World J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/427369.
   Google Scholar
• Dowd PF. 1988. Toxicological and biochemical interactions of the fungal metabolites fusaric acid and kojic acid with xenobiotics in Heliothis zea (F.) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Pestic Biochem Physiol. 32:123–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA. 2012. Scientific Opinion on the risks for public and animal health related to the presence of citrinin in food and feed. EFSA J 2012. 10:2605.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA. 2013. Scientific Opinion on the risk for public and animal health related to the presence of sterigmatocystin in food and feed. EFSA Journal 2013. 11:3254.
   Google Scholar
• El-Shanawany AA, Mostafa ME, Barakat A. 2005. Fungal populations and mycotoxins in silage in Assiut and Sohag governorates in Egypt, with a special reference to characteristic Aspergilli toxins. Mycopathologia. 159:281–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2002. Commission Decision of 12 August 2002 implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results. EN – Off J Eur Commun. 221:29. Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• [EUC] European Union Commission. 2006. EU (2006/576/EU) of 17 August 2006 on the presence of Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone, Ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and Fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding. Off J Eur Commun. L229: p 7–9. Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• Ezekiel CN, Bandyopadhyay R, Sulyok M, Warth B, Krska R. 2012. Fungal and bacterial metabolites in commercial poultry feed from Nigeria. Food Addit Contam: Part A. 29:1288–1299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. 1998. Rice production in Africa: current situation and issues. By Agriculture Departmental Group, FAO Regional Officer for Africa, at the Nineteenth Session of the International Rice Commission, Cairo, Sept 7–9.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. 2004a. All about rice. Available via DIALOG. Resource Document Food and Agriculture Organization. [cited 2014 Dec 10]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/aboutrice.htm.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. 2004b. Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper no. 81. Rome, Italy: FAO, p. 1728–3264.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. 2008. Paddy rice production (000 ha), by country and geographical region: 1961–2007. Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Available from: http://beta.irri.org/solutions/images/stories/wrs/wrs_nov08_table01_production.xls.
   Google Scholar
• Fink-Gremmels J, Dresel J, Leistner L. 1991. Use of Monascus extracts as an alternative to nitrate in meat products. Fleischwirtschaft. 71:1184–1186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2002. Summaries & evaluations, Fumonisin B1. Vol. 82. Lyone: IARC; p. 301.
   Google Scholar
• Jestoi M. 2008. Emerging Fusarium-mycotoxins fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin—A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 48:21–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller NP, Kantz NJ, Adams TH. 1994. Aspergillus nidulans verA is required for production of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60:1444–1450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee T, Lee S-H, Lee S-H, Shin JY, Yun J-C, Lee Y-W, Ryu J-G. 2011. Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in rice and its milling by-products in Korea. J Food Protect. 74:1169–1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z, Gao J, Yu J. 2006. Aflatoxins in stored maize and rice grains in Liaoning Province, China. J Stored Prod Res. 42:468–479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llewellyn GC, Sherertz PC, Armstrong CW, Miller Jr. GB, Reynolds JD, Kimbrough TD, Bean GA, Hagler Jr. WM, Haney CA, Trempus CS, O’Rear CE, Dashek WV. 1988. Mycotoxigenic isolates and toxin production on buckwheat and rice hulls used as bedding materials. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 3:351–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makun HA, Dutton MF, Njobeh PB, Mwanza M, Kabiru AY. 2011. Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger state, Nigeria. Mycotoxin Res. 27:97–104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Makun HA, Gbodi TA, Akanya HO, Salako EA, Ogbadu GH. 2007. Fungi and some mycotoxins contaminating rice (Oryza sativa) in Niger State, Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol. 6:99–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malachová A, Sulyok M, Beltrán E, Berthiller F, Krska R. 2014. Optimization and validation of a quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method covering 295 bacterial and fungal metabolites including all regulated mycotoxins in four model food matrices. J Chromatogr A. 1362:145–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manabe M. 2001. Fermented foods and mycotoxins. Mycotoxins. 51:25–29.
   Google Scholar
• Mangala UN, Reddy KRN, Singotamu L, Chary PMS, Reddy CS, Muralidharan K. 2006. Aspergilli colonize and produce AFB1 in discolored rice grains. J Mycol Plant Pathol. 36:418–426.
   Google Scholar
• Megalla SE, Bennett GA, Ellis JJ, Shotwell OI. 2007. Production of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by isolates of Fusarium graminearum Schw. J Basic Microbiol. 26:415–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy KK, Rati ER, Manonmani HK. 2009. Incidence of Fusarium toxins in rice from Karnataka, India. Res J Toxins. 1:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazari F, Sulyok M, Yazdanpanah H, Kobarfard F, Krska R. 2014. A survey of mycotoxins in domestic rice in Iran by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicol Mech Methods. 24:37–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson TS, beasley JN, Kirby LK, Johnson ZB, Ballam GC. 1980. Isolation and identification of citrinin produced by Penicillium lanosum. Poult Sci. 59:2055–2059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen MT, Tozlovanu M, Tran TL, pfohl-LESZKOWICZ AP. 2007. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1, citrinin and ochratoxin A in rice in five provinces of the central region of Vietnam. Food Chem. 105:42–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock AV. 1947. Production of citrinin by five species of Penicillium. Nature. 160:331–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy CS, Reddy KRN, Kumar RN, Laha GS, Muralidharan K. 2004. Exploration of aflatoxin contamination and its management in rice. J Mycol Plant Pathol. 34:816–820.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy KRN, Reddy CS, Muralidharan K. 2005. Characterization of AFB1 produced by Aspergillus flavus isolated from discolored rice grains. J Mycol Plant Pathol. 35:470–474.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy KRN, Reddy CS, Muralidharan K. 2007. Exploration of ochratoxin A contamination and its management in rice. Am J Plant Physiol. 2:206–213.
   Google Scholar
• Reiter EV, Vouk F, Böhm J, Razzazi-Fazeli E. 2010. Aflatoxins in rice — a limited survey of products marketed in Austria. Food Control. 21:988–991.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rho M-C, Toyoshima M, Hayashi M, Uchida R, Shiomi K, Komiyama K, Omura S. 1998. Enhancement of drug accumulation by Andrastin a produced by Penicillium sp. FO-3929 in Vincristine-resistant KB cells. J Antibiot. 51:68–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sales A, Yoshizawa T. 2005. Updated profile of aflatoxin and Aspergillus section Flavi contamination in rice and its by-products from the Philippines. Food Addit Contam A. 22:429–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedmikova M, Reisnerora H, Dufkova Z, Burta I, Jilek F. 2001. Potential hazard of simultaneous occurrence of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A. Vet Med. 46:169–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma D, Asrani RK, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Gupta VK. 2012. Toxic interaction between fumonisin B1 and moniliformin for cardiac lesions in Japanese quail. Avian Dis. 56:545–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speijers GJA, Speijers MH. 2004. Combined toxic effects of mycotoxins. Toxicol Lett. 153:91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugimoto T, Minamisawa M, Takano K, Sasamura Y, Tsuruta O. 1977. Detection of ochratoxin A, citrinin and sterigmatocystin from stored rice by natural occurrence of Penicillum viridicatum and Aspergillus versicolor. J Food Hyg Soc Jpn. 18:176–181.
   Google Scholar
• Sulyok M, Krska R, Schuhmacher R. 2010. Application of an LC–MS/MS based multi-mycotoxin method for the semi-quantitative determination of mycotoxins occurring in different types of food infected by moulds. Food Chem. 119:408–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulyok M, Krska R, Schuhmacher RA. 2007. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric multi-mycotoxin method for the quantification of 87 analytes and its application to semi-quantitative screening of moldy food samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 389:1505–1523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi H, Yasaki H, Nanayama U, Manabe M, Matsuura S. 1984. Distribution of Sterigmatocystin and fungal mycelium in individual brown rice kernels naturally infected by Aspergillus versicolor. Cereal Chem. 61:48–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka K, Sago Y, Zheng Y, Nakagawa H, Kushiro M. 2007. Mycotoxins in rice. Int J Food Microbiol. 119:59–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timonin MI, Rouatt JW. 1944. Production of citrinin by Aspergillus sp. of the Candidus Group. Can J Public Health. 35:80–88.
   Google Scholar
• Tonshin AA, Teplova VV, Andersson MA, Salkinoja-Salonen MS. 2010. The Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins and beauvericin cause mitochondrial dysfunction by affecting the mitochondrial volume regulation, oxidative phosphorylation and ion homeostasis. Toxicology. 276:49–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchida R, Shiomi K, Inokoshi J, Sunazuka T, Tanaka H, Iwai Y, Takayanagi H, Omura S. 1996. Andrastins A−C, new protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors produced by Penicillium sp. FO-3929. II. Structure and biosynthesis. J Antibiot. 49:418−424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udoh JM, Cardwell KF, Ikotun T. 2000. Storage structures and aflatoxin content of maize in five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. J Stored Prod Res. 36:187–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrabcheva T, Usleber E, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E. 2000. Co-occurrence of ochratoxin A and citrinin in cereals from Bulgarian villages with a history of Balkan endemic nephropathy. J Agric Food Chem. 48:2483–2488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Xu L. 2012. Beauvericin, a bioactive compound produced by fungi: A short review. Molecules. 17:2367–2377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidenboerner M. 2000. Encyclopedia of food mycotoxins. Germany: Springer-Berlin; p. 249.
   Google Scholar
• Williams JH, Phillips TD, Jolly PE, Stiles JK, Jolly CM, Aggarwal D. 2004. Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: a review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences, and interventions. Am J Clin Nutr. 80:1106–1122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yekeler H, Bitmiş K, Ozçelik N, Doymaz MZ, Çalta M. 2001. Analysis of toxic effects of Alternaria toxins on esophagus of mice by light and electron microscopy. Toxicol Pathol. 29:492–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar