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Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A Volume 32, 2015 - Issue 11
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Original Articles

Metal release from coffee machines and electric kettles

Frederic D. MüllerDepartment of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, GermanyCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Christin HackethalDepartment of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
,
Roman SchmidtDepartment of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
,
Oliver KappensteinDepartment of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
,
Karla PfaffDepartment of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
&
Andreas LuchDepartment of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
Pages 1959-1964 | Received 08 Jun 2015, Accepted 18 Aug 2015, Published online: 15 Oct 2015

References

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  • Bratinova S, Raffael B, Simoneau C. 2009. Guidelines for performance criteria and validation procedures of analytical methods used in controls of food contact materials (EUR 24105 EN). 1st ed. Ispra: European Commission, Joint Research Centre.
  • [CVUA Stuttgart] Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office Stuttgart, editor. 2007. Nickel und Blei aus dem Kaffeevollautomaten [Nickel and lead leached by automatic coffee machines]. In: Lebensmittelüberwachung und Tierseuchendiagnostik: Jahresbericht 2007 [Food inspection and animal disease diagnostics: Annual Report 2007]. p. 44–45.
  • [CoE] Council of Europe. 2013. Resolution CM/Res(2013)9 on metals and alloys used in food contact materials and articles. Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 11 June 2013 at the 1173rd meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies.
  • [EDQM] European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare of the Council of Europe. 2013a. Metals and alloys used in food contact materials and articles: a practical guide for manufacturers and regulators. 1st ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe (CoE).
  • [EDQM] European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare of the Council of Europe. 2013b. Letter from the EDQM addressed to national authorities concerned with the surveillance of food contact materials of 18 November 2013. [ cited 2015 Jul 29]. Available from: https://www.edqm.eu/medias/fichiers/recommendation_by_the_p_sc_emb_for_acceptable_deviation_from_the_srl_during_a_transitional_period_in.pdf/
  • Fekete V, Deconinck E, Bolle F, Van Loco J. 2012. Modelling aluminium leaching into food from different foodware materials with multi-level factorial design of experiments. Food Addit Contam Part A. 29:1322–1333.
  • [ANSES] French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety. 2013. “Espresso” machine coffee pods and capsules do not increase exposure to chemical contaminants. [ updated 2013 Sep 25; cited 2015 Jan 27]. Available from: https://www.anses.fr/en/content/espresso-machine-coffee-pods-and-capsules-do-not-increase-exposure-chemical-contaminants
  • [DIN] German Industrial Norm. 2008. Chemical analysis - decision limit, detection limit and determination limit under repeatability conditions - terms, methods, evaluation. DIN 32645:2008-11. Berlin: Beuth.
  • [DIN] German Industrial Norm. 2011. Food hygiene - production and dispense of hot beverages from hot beverage appliances - hygiene requirements, migration test. DIN 10531:2011-06. Berlin: Beuth.
  • Kamerud KL, Hobbie A, Anderson KA. 2013. Stainless steel leaches nickel and chromium into foods during cooking. J Agric Food Chem. 61:9495–9501.
  • Kromidas S. 1999. Validierung in der Analytik: Die Praxis der instrumentellen Analytik [Validation in analytics: the practice of instrumental analysis]. Weinheim: WILEY-VCH.
  • Thermo Electro Corporation. 2003. Application Note AN_EO612: X Series ICP-MS Clinical Applications Note 3: Determination of Hg in urine. 3 p.
  • Zar JH. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Pearson Education.

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