Direct determination of 3-chloropropanol esters in edible vegetable oils using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS-Orbitrap)

References

• Abraham K, Appel KE, Berger-Preiss E, Apel E, Gerling S, Mielke H, Creutzenberg O, Lampen A. 2013. Relative oral bioavailability of 3-MCPD from 3-MCPD fatty acid esters in rats. Arch Toxicol. 87:649–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ai FF, Bin J, Zhang ZM, Huang JH, Wang JB, Liang YZ, Yang ZY. 2014. Application of random forests to select premium quality vegetable oils by their fatty acid composition. Food Chem. 143:472–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collison MW 2010.Direct determination of MCPD esters and glycidylesters by LC/MS. OVID Meeting – Association of the oilseed crushing and oil refining industry in Germany, Berlin, Jan 25.
   Google Scholar
• Crews C, A C, Granvogl M, Hamlet C, K H, Kuhlmann J, Lampen A, Scholz G, Weisshaar R, T W, et al. 2013. Analytical approaches for MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in food and biological samples: a review and future perspectives. Food Addit Contam A. 30(1):11–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ermacora A, Hrncirik K. 2012. Evaluation of an improved indirect method for the analysis of 3-MCPD esters based on acid transesterification. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 89(2):211–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ermacora A, Hrncirik K. 2014. Influence of oil composition on the formation of fatty acid esters of 2-chloropropane-1, 3-diol (2-MCPD) and 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) under conditions simulating oil refining. Food Chem. 161:383–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines TD, Adlaf KJ, Pierceall RM, Lee I, Venkitasubramanian P, Collison MW. 2011. Direct determination of MCPD fatty acid esters and glycidyl fatty acid esters in vegetable oils by LC–TOFMS. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 88(1):1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori K, Koriyama N, Omori H, Kuriyama M, Arishima T, Tsumura K. 2012. Simultaneous determination of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters and glycidol fatty acid esters in edible oils using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. LWT - Food Sci Technol. 48:204–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2012. Some chemicals present in industrial and consumer products. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 101:349–374.
   Google Scholar
• JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). 2002. 3-Chloro-1, 2-propanediol. Food Add. 48:401–432.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhlmann J. 2011. Determination of bound 2, 3-epoxy-1-propanol (glycidol) and bound monochloropropanediol (MCPD) in refined oils. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. 113(3):335–344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Chen D, Miao H, Zhao Y, Shen J, Wu Y. 2015. Direct determination of fatty acid esters of 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol in edible vegetable oils by isotope dilution-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1410:99–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Liu J, Wu Y, Gao B, Wu P, Shi Sun X, Huang H, Wang T, Yu LL. 2017. Preparation of five 3‐MCPD fatty acid esters, and the effects of their chemical structures on acute oral toxicity in Swiss mice. J Sci Food Agr. 97(3):841–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacMahon S, Begley TH, Diachenko GW. 2013a. Occurrence of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in edible oils in the United States Part A. Food Addit Contam A. 12(30):2081 2092.
   Google Scholar
• MacMahon S, Mazzola E, Begley TH, Diachenko GW. 2013b. Analysis of processing contaminants in edible oils. Part 1. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the direct detection of 3-monochloropropanediol monoesters and glycidyl esters. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61(20):4737–4747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthäus B, Pudel F, Fehling P, Vosmann K, Freudenstein A. 2011. Strategies for the reduction of 3-MCPD esters and related compounds in vegetable oils. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. 113(3):380–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moravcova E, Vaclavik L, Lacina O, Hrbek V, Riddellova K, Hajslova J. 2012. Novel approaches to analysis of 3-chloropropane-1, 2-diol esters in vegetable oils. Anal Bioanal Chem. 402(9):2871–2883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagy K, Sandoz L, Craft BD, Destaillats F. 2011. Mass-defect filtering of isotope signatures to reveal the source of chlorinated palm oil contaminants. Food Addit Contam. 28(11):1492–1500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsavova J, Misurcova L, Ambrozova JV, Vicha R, Mlcek J. 2015. Fatty acids composition of vegetable oils and its contribution to dietary energy intake and dependence of cardiovascular mortality on dietary intake of fatty acids. Int J Mol Sci. 16(6):12871–12890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkston JD, Stoffolano PJ, Lin PY. 2011. Update on the development of a sensitive, accurate, and user-friendly method for the direct determination of 3-MCPD esters. In The 6th meeting of expert panel at the 102nd AOCS annual meeting and exposition.
   Google Scholar
• Ramli MR, Siew WL, Ibrahim NA, Hussein R, Kuntom A, Razak RAA, Nesaretnam K. 2011. Effects of degumming and bleaching on 3-MCPD esters formation during physical refining. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 88(11):1839–1844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilter B, Scholz G, Seefelder W. 2011. Fatty acid esters of chloropropanols and related compounds in food: toxicological aspects. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. 113(3):309–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seefelder W, Varga N, Studer A, Williamson FP, Scanlan RH, Stadler. 2008. Esters of 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol (3-MCPD) in vegetable oils: significance in the formation of 3- MCPD. Food Addit Contam. 25(4):391–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šmidrkal J, Tesařová M, Hrádková I, Berčíková M, Adamčíková A, Filip V. 2016. Mechanism of formation of 3-chloropropan-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) esters under conditions of the vegetable oil refining. Food Chem. 211:124–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strijowski U, Heinz V, Franke K. 2011. Removal of 3-MCPD esters and related substances after refining by adsorbent material. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech. 113(3):387–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace H, Jan A, Barregård L, Bignami M, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Hoogenboom LR. 2016. Risks for human health related to the presence of 3-and 2-monochloropropanediol (MCPD), and their fatty acid esters, and glycidyl fatty acid esters in food. EFSA J. 14(5):1–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamazaki K, Ogiso M, Isagawa S, Urushiyama T, Ukena T, Kibune N. 2013. A new, direct analytical method using LC-MS/MS for fatty acid esters of 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol (3-MCPD esters) in edible oils. Food Addit Contam Part A. 30(1):52–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelinková Z, Svejkovská B, Velíšek J, Doležal M. 2006. Fatty acid esters of 3-chloropropane-1, 2-diol in edible oils. Food Addit Contam. 23(12):1290–1298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulkurnain M, Lai OM, Tan SC, Latip RA, Tan CP. 2013. Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation. J Agr Food Chem. 61(13):3341–3349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar