Risk assessment of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters through dietary exposure from edible oils for the Zhejiang population in China by Monte Carlo simulation

References

• Arisseto AP, Marcolino PFC, Vicente E. 2015. 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters in commercial deep-fat fried foods. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 32(9):1431–1435. doi:10.1080/19440049.2015.1071498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhiya N, Abraham K, Gürtler R, Appel KE, Lampen A. 2011. Toxicological assessment of 3-chloropropane- 1,2-diol and glycidol fatty acid esters in food. Mol Nutr Food Res. 55(4):509–521. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201000550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beekman JK, Grassi K, MacMahon S. 2020. Updated occurrence of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol esters (3-MCPD) and glycidyl esters in infant formulas purchased in the United States between 2017 and 2019. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 37(3):374–390. doi:10.1080/19440049.2019.1706002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung HY, Chung SW, Chan BTP, Ho YY, Xiao Y. 2013. Dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 30(9):1508–1512. doi:10.1080/19440049.2013.809628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craft BD, Chiodini A, Garst J, Granvogl M. 2013. Fatty acid esters of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) and glycidyl in refined edible oils. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 30(1):46–51. doi:10.1080/19440049.2012.709196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui Z, Dibley MJ. 2012. Trends in dietary energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein intake in Chinese children and adolescents from 1991 to 2009. Br J Nutr. 108(7):1292–1299. doi:10.1017/S0007114511006891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui X, Zhang L, Zhou PP, Liu ZP, Fan S, Yang DJ, Li JW, Liu Q. 2021. Dietary exposure of general Chinese population to fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) from edible oils and oil-containing foods. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 38(1):60–69. doi:10.1080/19440049.2020.1834151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Campi E, Di Pasquale M, Coni E. 2020. Contamination of some foodstuffs marketed in Italy by fatty acid esters of monochloropropanediols and glycidol. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 37 (5):753–762. doi:10.1080/19440049.2020.1725146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [EFSA CONTAM Panel] European Food Safety Authority Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. 2018. Scientific opinion on the update of the risk assessment on 3-monochloropropane diol and its fatty acid esters. EFSA J. 16(1):5083. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5083
   Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2013. Analysis of occurrence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in food in Europe in the years 2009–2011 and preliminary exposure assessment, scientific report of EFSA. EFSA J. 11 (9): 3381.doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3381
   Google Scholar
• [IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2016. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Some chemicals present in industrial and consumer products. Food Drink Water. 101:349–374.
   Google Scholar
• [JECFA] Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. 2007. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants/prepared by the sixty-seventh meeting of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), WHO Food Additives Series. p. 209–238.
   Google Scholar
• [JECFA] Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. 2017. Evaluation of certain contaminants in food (eighty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives). WHO Tech RepSeries. 1002:74–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusters M, Bimber U, Ossenbruggen A, Reeser S, Gallitzendorfer R, Ger Hartz MJ 2010. Rapid and simple micromethod for the simultaneous determination of 3-MCPD and 3-MCPD esters in different foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem. 58(11):6570–6577. doi:10.1021/jf100416w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Nie SP, Zhou YQ, Xie MY. 2015. Exposure assessment of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol esters from edible oils and fats in China. Food Chem Toxicol. 75:8–13. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Gao BY, Qin F, Wu PP, Shi HM, Luo W, Ma AN, Jiang YR, Xu XB, Yu LL. 2012. Acute oral toxicity of 3-MCPD mono- and di-palmitic esters in Swiss mice and their cytotoxicity in NRK-52E rat kidney cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 50(10):3785–3791. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofuoglu SC, Kavcar P. 2008. An exposure and risk assessment for fluoride and trace metals in black tea. J Hazard Mater. 158(2–3):392–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [USEPA]. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2011. Exposure factors handbook: 2011 edition [M]. Washington, DC: National Center for Environment Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Velisek J, Davidek J, Hajslova J, Kubelka V, Janíček G, Mánková B. 1978. Chlorohydrins in protein hydrolysates. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 167(4):241–244. doi:10.1007/BF01135595
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang L, Ying Y, Hu Z, Wang T, Shen X, Wu P. 2016. Simultaneous determination of 2- and 3-MCPD esters in infant formula milk powder by solid-phase extraction and GC-MS analysis. J AOAC Int. 99(3):786–791. doi:10.5740/jaoacint.15-0310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelinková Z, Svejkovská B, Velíšek J, Doležal M. 2006. Fatty acid esters of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol in edible oils. Food Addit Contam. 23(12):1290–1298. doi:10.1080/02652030600887628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai F, Wang H, Du S, He Y, Wang Z, Ge K, Popkin BM. 2009. Prospective study on nutrition transition in China. Nutr Rev. 67: 56–S61. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00160.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Wu L, Wu P. 2021. Improvements on the phenylboronic acid derivatization method in determination of 3-monochloropropane fatty acid esters in Camellia oil by N-(n-propyl)ethylenediamine solid phase extraction. Food Anal Methods. 14(4):797–804. doi:10.1007/s12161-020-01944-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar