108
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Influences of pipe materials and hydraulic conditions on the process of trihalomethanes formation in water distribution network

, , , &
Pages 165-171 | Received 07 Oct 2011, Accepted 24 Jun 2012, Published online: 21 Nov 2012

References

  • Rook , J.J. 1974 . Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters . Water Treat. Exam. , 23 : 234 – 243 .
  • Symons , J.M. , Bellar , T.A. , Carswell , J.K. , DeMarco , J. , Krapp , K.L. , Robeck , G.G. , Seeger , D.R. , Sloccum , C.J. , Smith , B.L. and Steevens , A.A. 1975 . National organics reconnaissance survey for halogenated organics . J. Am. Water Works Assn. , 67 ( 11 ) : 634 – 648 .
  • Cantor , K.P. , Hoover , R. , Hartge , P. , Mason , T.J. , Silverman , D.T. , Altman , R. , Austin , D.F. , Child , M.A. , Key , C.R. , Marret , L.D. , Myers , M.H. , Narayana , A.S. , Levin , L.I. , Sullivan , J.W. , Swanson , G.M. , Thomas , D.B. and West , D.W. 1987 . Bladder cancer, drinking water source, and tap water consumption: A case-control study . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 79 ( 6 ) : 1269 – 1279 .
  • Aggazzotti , Gabriella . 2004 . Chlorination by-products (CBPs) in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Italy . J. Water and Health , 2 ( 4 ) : 233 – 247 .
  • Hsu , Ching-Hung , Jeng , Woei-Lih , Chang , Ruey-Mai , Chien , Ling-Chu and Han , Bor-Cheng . 2001 . Estimation of potential lifetime cancer risks for trihalomethanes from consuming chlorinated drinking water in Taiwan . Environ. Res. , 85 ( 2 ) : 77 – 82 .
  • Klinefelter , Gary R. , Suarez , Juan D. , Roberts , Naomi L. and Deangelo , Anthony B. 1995 . Preliminary screening for the potential of drinking water disinfection byproducts to alter male reproduction . Reprod. Toxicol. , 9 ( 6 ) : 571 – 578 .
  • Villanueva , C.M. , Kogevinas , M. and Grimalt , J.O. 2003 . Haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in finished drinking waters from heterogeneous sources . Water Res. , 37 : 953 – 958 .
  • Sérodes , Jean-B , Rodriguez , Manuel J. , Li , Hanmei and Bouchard , Christian . 2003 . Occurrence of THMs and HAAs in experimental chlorinated waters of the Quebec City area (Canada) . Chemosphere , 51 : 253 – 263 .
  • Manuel , J. and Sérodes , Jean-B . 2001 . Spatial and temporal evolution of trihalomethanes in three water distribution systems . Water Res. , 35 ( 6 ) : 1572 – 1586 .
  • Pourmoghaddas , H. and Stevens , A.A. 2002 . Relationship between trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids with total organic halogen during chlorination . Water Sci. Technol: Water Supply , 2 ( 5–6 ) : 509 – 514 .
  • Pingping , Chen , Jianying , Zhang and Jianyuan , Jin . 2005 . Study on the effect and formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetic ethyl acid in drinking waters . Environ. Chem. , 24 ( 4 ) : 434 – 437 .
  • Danhong , Shang , Zhengping , Wang and Zhisheng , Zhang . 2005 . Study on influence factor of trihalomethanes formation in drinking water . J. East China Shipbuilding Inst. (Natural Science Edition). , 19 ( 3 ) : 91 – 93 .
  • Clark , R.M. 1998 . Chlorine demand and TTHM formation kinetics: A second order model . J. Environ. Eng. Div. ASCE. , 124 ( 1 ) : 16 – 24 .
  • Courtis , B.J. , West , J.R. and Bridgeman , J. 2009 . Chlorine demand-based predictive modelling of THM formation in water distribution networks . J. Urban Water , 6 : 407 – 415 .
  • Clark , R.M. and Sivaganesan , M. 1998 . Predicting chlorine residuals and formation of trihalomethanes in drinking water . J. Environ. Eng. , 124 ( 12 ) : 1203 – 1210 .
  • State Environmental Protection Administration of China . 2002 . Analytical Method of Water and Wastewater , fourth ed. (M) , Beijing : Environmental Science Press .
  • J.C. Powell, N.B. Hallam, J.R. West, Performance of various kinetic models for chlorine decay, J. Water Resour. Planning Manage. 126(1) (2000) 13–20.
  • Hua , F. , West , J.R. , Barker , R.A. and Forster , C.F. 1999 . Modelling of chlorine decay in municipal water supplies . Water Res. , 33 ( 12 ) : 2735 – 2746 .
  • Rossman , L.A. , Clark , R.M. and Grayman , W.M. 1994 . Modelling chlorine residuals in drinking water distribution systems . J. Environ. Eng. Div. ASCE , 120 ( 4 ) : 803 – 820 .
  • Clark , R.M. and Sivaganesan , M. 2002 . Predicting chlorine residuals in drinking water: A second order model . J. Water Resour. Planning Manage. , 128 ( 2 ) : 152 – 161 .
  • Brown , D. , West , J.R. , Courtis , B.J. and Bridgeman , J. 2010 . Modelling THMs in water treatment and distribution systems . ICE Proc–Water Manage. , 163 ( 4 ) : 165 – 174 .
  • Hallam , N.B. , West , R. and Forster , C.F. 2001 . The potential for biofilm growth in water distribution systems . Water Res. , 35 ( 17 ) : 4063 – 4071 .
  • Brown , D. , Bridgeman , J. and West , J.R. 2011 . Understanding data requirements for trihalomethane formation modeling in water supply systems . Urban Water J. , 8 ( 1 ) : 41 – 56 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.