Biological degradation of dissolved organic carbons and ammonia oxidation by biological activated carbon in PAC and membrane applied process

References

• Kimura , K. , Maeda , T. , Yamamura , H. and Watanabe , Y. 2008 . Irreversible membrane fouling in microfiltration membranes filtering coagulated surface water . J. Membr. Sci. , 320 ( 1–2 ) : 356 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , B.-M. and Yeh , H.-H. 2003 . Removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water treatment: A pilot-scale study . Water Res. , 37 ( 5 ) : 1111 – 1117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , H. , Schwa , K. and Jacangelo , J.G. 2009 . Pretreatment for low pressure membrane in water treatment: A review . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 9 ) : 3011 – 3019 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markarian , A. , Carriere , A. , Dallaire , P.-O. , Servais , P. and Barbeau , B. 2010 . Hybrid membrane process: Performance evaluation of biological PAC . J. Water Suppl. Res. Technol.-AQUA , 59 ( 4 ) : 209 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Seo , G.T. , Moon , C.D. , Chang , S.W. and Lee , S.H. 2004 . Long term operation of high concentration powdered activated carbon membrane bio-reactor for advanced water treatment . Wat. Sci. Technol. , 50 ( 8 ) : 81 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , H.S. , Takizawa , S. and Ohgaki , S. 2007 . Application of micro filtration systems coupled with powdered activated carbon to river water treatment . Desalination , 202 ( 1–3 ) : 271 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Xia , S.-J. , Liu , Y.-N. , Li , X. and Yao , J.-J. 2007 . Drinking water production by ultrafiltration of Songhuajiang River with PAC adsorption . J. Environ. Sci. , 19 ( 5 ) : 536 – 539 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kweon , J.H. , Hur , H.-W. , Seo , G.-T. , Jang , T.-R. , Park , J.-H. , Choi , K.Y. and Kim , H.S. 2009 . Evaluation of coagulation and PAC adsorption pretreatments on membrane filtration for a surface water in Korea: A pilot study . Desalination , 249 ( 1 ) : 212 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Mozia , S. , Tomaszewska , M. and Morawski , A.W. 2005 . Studies on the effect of humic acids and phenol on adsorption-ultrafiltration process performance . Water Res. , 39 ( 2–3 ) : 501 – 509 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matsui , Y. , Hasegawa , H. , Ohno , K. , Matsushita , T. , Mima , S. , Kawase , Y. and Aizawa , T. 2009 . Effects of super-powdered activated carbon pretreatment on coagulation and trans-membrane pressure buildup during microfiltration . Water Res. , 43 : 5160 – 5170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , M. , Li , C. , Benjamin , M.M. and Chang , Y. 2003 . Fouling and natural organic matter removal in adsorbent/membrane systems for drinking water treatment . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 37 : 1663 – 1669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos , C. , Marinas , B.J. , Snoeyink , V.L. , Baudin , I. and Laine , J.M. 2000 . PAC-Membrane filtration process II: Model application . J. Environ. Eng. , 126 ( 2 ) : 97 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , S. , Waite , T.D. , Ong , P.E.A. , Schafer , A.I. and Fane , A.G. 2004 . Assessment of trace estrogenic contaminants removal by coagulant addition, powdered activated carbon adsorption and powdered activated carbon/microfiltration processes . J. Environ. Eng. , 130 ( 7 ) : 736 – 742 .
   Google Scholar
• Lebeau , T. , Lelievre , C. , Buisson , H. , Cleret , D. , Van de Venter , L.W. and Cote , P. 1998 . Immersed membrane filtration for the production of drinking water: Combination with PAC for NOM and SOCs removal . Desalination , 117 ( 1–3 ) : 219 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Andersson , A. , Laurent , P. , Kihn , A. , Prevost , M. and Servais , P. 2001 . Impact of temperature on nitrification in biological activated carbon (BAC) filters used for drinking water treatment . Water Res. , 35 ( 12 ) : 2923 – 2934 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , L. , Zhu , W. , Zhang , P. , Zhang , Q. and Zhang , Z. 2006 . AC/O3-BAC processes for removing refractory and hazardous pollutants in raw water . J. Hazard. Mater. , 135 : 129 – 133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , B. , Gao , N.-Y. , Sun , X.-F. , Xia , S.-J. , Simminnot , M.-O. , Causserand , C. , Rui , M. and Wu , H.-H. 2007 . Characteristics of organic material in Huangpu River and treatability with the O3-BAC process . Sep. Purif. Technol. , 57 : 348 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calson , G. and Silverstein , J. 1998 . Effect of molecular size and charge on biofilm sorption of organic matter . Water Res. , 32 ( 5 ) : 1580 – 1592 .
   Google Scholar
• Emelko , M.B. , Huck , P.M. , Coffey , B.M. and Smith , E.F. 2006 . Effects of media, backwash, and temperature on full-scale biological filtration . J. Am. Wat. Wks. Ass. , 98 : 61 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hozalski , R.M. , Bouwer , E.J. and Goel , S. 1999 . Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water supplies by ozone-biofiltration . Wat. Sci. Technol. , 40 : 157 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yapsakli , K. and Cecen , F. 2010 . Effect of type of granular activated carbon on DOC biodegradation in biological activated carbon filters . Process Biochem. , 45 : 355 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aryal , A. , Sathasivan , A. and Adhikari , R.A. 2011 . Evidence that BAC treatment enhances the DOC removal by enhanced coagulation . Desalination , 280 : 326 – 331 .
   Google Scholar
• Efficient taste and odor removal of water treatment plants around the Han River water system, Korea Water Resources Corporation-Final report, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Optimization of GAC and Ozone-AOP application, Waterworks Research Institute, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Final report, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Morin , P. and Camper , A.K. 1997 . Attachment and fate of carbon fines in simulated drinking water distribution system biofilms . Water Res. , 31 ( 3 ) : 399 – 410 .
   Google Scholar
• Ahn , H.W. , Noh , S.H. , Kwon , O.S. , Park , Y.H. and Wang , C.K. 2008 . Development of a new advanced water treatment process (PMR) and assessment of its treatment efficiency . Korean Membrane J. , 18 ( 2 ) : 157 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• O. Kwon, C. Kim, Y. Choi, H. Ahn, Y. Park, S.H. Noh, A new membrane hybrid process with high concentration of powdered activated carbon for drinking water treatment, The 5th Conference of Aseanian Membrane Society, Japan, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• C. Kim, M.S. Cho, S.H. Noh, Effect of pH variation on membrane fouling during the maintenance cleaning step of PMR process, International Conference on Membrane for Green Growth: Commemorating the 20th Anniversary of the Membrane Society of Korea, Korea, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• S. Hwang, C. Kim, J.G. Kim, J.P. Park, S.H. Noh, Effect of fresh PAC addition on the removal of taste/odor causing compounds and the de-watering characteristics of the concentrate from PMR process, 2011 International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes (ICOM 2011), Netherlands, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• C. Kim, S. Hwang, M.S. Cho, J.P. Park, J.G. Kim, S.H. Noh, Optimization of maintenance cleaning strategy for PMR process, 2011 International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes (ICOM 2011), Netherlands, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• C. Kim, S. Hwang, T.S. Shin, H. Kim, J.P. Park, S.H. Noh, Performance evaluation of innovated water treatment system with PAC contact tank and subsequent submerged membrane filter, The 6th IWA Specialised Conference on Membrane Technology, Germany, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• C. Kim, S. Hwang, M.S. Cho, J.P. Park, S.H. Noh, Evaluation of organic matter removal performance by PAC contactor in PMR process, 2011 Membrane Society of Korea Conference-fall, Korea, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• A.D. Eaton, L.S. Clesceri, E.W. Rice, A.E. Greenberg, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, twenty first ed., American Public Health Association, AWWA and WEF, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Camper , A.K. , Broadway , S.C. , LeChevallier , M.W. and McFeters , G.A. 1987 . Operation variables and the release of colonized granular activated carbon particles in drinking water . J. Am. Wat. Wks. Ass. , 79 ( 5 ) : 70 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Camper , A.K. , LeChevallier , M.W. , Broadway , S.C. and McFeters , G.A. 1986 . Bacteria associated with granular activated carbon particles . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 52 : 434 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeChevallier , M.W. , Cawthorn , C.D. and Lee , R.G. 1988 . Inactivation of biofilm bacteria . Appl. Envir. Microbiol. , 54 ( 10 ) : 2492 – 2499 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pernitsky , D.J. , Finch , G.R. and Huck , P.M. 1997 . Recovery of attached bacteria from GAC fines and implications for disinfection efficacy . Water Res. , 31 ( 3 ) : 385 – 390 .
   Google Scholar
• Yapsakli , K. , Mertoglu , B. and Cecen , F. 2010 . Identification of nitrifiers and nitrification performance in drinking water biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration . Process Biochem. , 45 : 1543 – 1549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent , P. , Kihn , A. , Andersson , A. and Servais , P. 2003 . Impact of backwashing on nitrification in the biological activated carbon filters used in drinking water treatment . Environ. Technol. , 24 : 277 – 287 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar