Dye adsorption using biomass wastes and natural adsorbents: overview and future prospects

References

• S. Renou, J.G. Givaudan, S. Poulain, F. Dirassouyan, P. Moulin, Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity, J. Hazard. Mater. 150 (2008) 468–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.O. Benítez, J.L.B. Lozano, The municipal solid waste cycle in Mexico: Final disposal, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 39 (2003) 239–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Nagano, H. Tamon, T. Adzumi, K. Nakagawa, T. Suzuki, Activated carbon from municipal waste, Carbon 38 (2000) 915–920.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Montagnaro, L. Santoro, Reuse of coal combustion ashes as dyes and heavy metal adsorbents: Effect of sieving and demineralization on waste properties and adsorption capacity, Chem. Eng. J. 150 (2009) 174–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Li, L.B. Zhang, J.H. Peng, N. Li, X.Y. Zhu, Preparation of high surface area activated carbon from tobacco stems with K2CO3 activation using microwave radiation, Ind. Crops Prod. 27 (2008) 341–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Karatepe, I. Orbak, R. Yavuz, A. Ozyuguran, Sulfur oxide adsorption by activated carbon having different textural and chemical properties, Fuel 87 (2008) 3207–3212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.P. Singh, A. Malik, S. Sinha, P. Ojha, Liquid phase adsorption of phenols using activated carbons derived frorm agricultural waste materials. J. Hazard. Mater. 150 (2008) 626–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.L. Mudoga, H. Yucel, N.S. Kincal, Decoloration of sugar syrups using commercial and sugar beet pulp based activated carbon, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 3528–3537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, F.B.M. Daud, Adsorption studies of basic dyes on activated carbon derived from agricultural waste: Hevea brasiliensis seed coat, Chem. Eng. J. 139 (2008) 48–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, J.M. Salman, A.L. Ahmad, Adsorption isotherm and kinetic modeling of 2,4-D pesticide on activated carbon derived from date stone, J. Hazard. Mater. 163 (2009) 121–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Perez-Candela, J.M. Martin-Martinez, R. Torregrosa-Macia, Chromium(VI) removal with activated carbons, Water Res. 29 (1995) 2174–2180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Gabaldon, P. Marzal, J. Ferrer, A. Seco, Single and competitive adsorption of Cd2+ and Zn2+ onto a granular activated carbon, Water Res. 30 (1996) 3050–3060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Gabaldon, P. Marzal, A. Seco, J.A. Gonzalez, Cadmium and copper removal by a granular activated carbon in laboratory column systems, Sep. Sci. Technol. 35 (2000) 1039–1053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Sanchez-Polo, J. Rivera-Utrilla, Adsorbent–adsorbate interactions in the adsorption of Cd(II) and Hg(II) on ozonized activated carbons, Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002) 3850–3854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.L. Bao, O. Griffini, D. Santianni, K. Barbieri, D. Burrini, F. Pantani, Removal of bromate ion from water using granular activated carbon, Water Res. 33 (1999) 2959–2970.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.J. Huang, Y.L. Cheng, Effect of characteristics of activated carbon on removal of bromate, Sep. Purif. Technol. 59 (2008) 101–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, I.A. Bello, K.A. Adegoke, Adsorption of dyes using different types of sand: A review, S. Afr. J. Chem. 66 (2013) 117–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.M. Walker, L.R. Weatherley, Kinetics of acid dye adsorption on GAC, Water Res. 33 (1999) 1895–1899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Pelekani, V.L. Snoeyink, Competitive adsorption between atrazine and methylene blue on activated carbon: The importance of pore size distribution, Carbon 38 (2000) 1423–1436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Al-Degs, M.A.M. Khraisheh, S.J. Allen, M.N.A. Ahmad, Sorption behaviour of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution on different types of activated carbons, Sep. Sci. Technol. 36 (2001) 91–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.F.R. Pereira, S.F. Soares, J.J.M. Orfao, J.L. Figuerredo, Adsorption of dyes on activated carbon: Influence of surface chemical groups, Carbon 41 (2003) 811–821.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Gomez, M.S. Larrechi, M.P. Callao, Kinetic and adsorption study of acid dye removal using activated carbon, Chemosphere 69 (2007) 1151–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.T. Paprowicz, Activated carbons for phenols removal from wastewaters, Environ. Technol. 11 (1990) 71–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.C. Wang, C.C. Kuo, C.C. Shyu, Adsorption of phenols onto granular activated carbon in a liquid–solid fluidized bed, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 68 (1997) 187–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Jung, K. Ahn, Y. Lee, K. Kim, J. Rhee, J.T. Park, K. Paeng, Adsorption characteristics of phenol and chlorophenols on granular activated carbon (GAC), Microchem. J. 70 (2001) 123–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.M. Chern, Y.W. Chien, Adsorption of nitrophenol onto activated carbon: Isotherms and breakthrough curves, Water Res. 36 (2002) 647–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Haydar, M.A. Ferro-Garcia, J. Rievera-Utrilla, J.P. Joly, Adsorption of pnitrophenol on an activated carbon with different oxidations, Carbon 41 (2003) 387–395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Dabrowski, P. Podkoscielny, Z. Hubicki, M. Barczak, Adsorption of phenolic compounds by activated carbon—a critical review, Chemosphere 58 (2005) 1049–1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Bele, A. Kodre, I. Arc, J. Grdadolnik, S. Pejovnik, J.O. Besenhard, Adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on carbon black from aqueous solution, Carbon 36 (1998) 1207–1212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.N. Malhas, R.A. Abuknesha, R.H. Price, Removal of detergents from protein extracts using activated charcoal prior to immunological analysis, J. Immunol. Methods 264 (2002) 37–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Pirbazari, B.N. Badriyha, R.J. Miltner, GAC adsorber design for removal of chlorinated pesticides, J. Environ. Eng. (ASCE) 117 (1991) 80–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.Y. Foo, B.H. Hameed, Detoxification of pesticide waste via activated carbon adsorption process. J. Hazard. Mater. 175 (1) (2010) 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.J. McCreary, V.L. Snoeyink, Characterization and activated carbon adsorption of several humic substances, Water Res. 14 (1980) 151–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.C. Lee, J.C. Crittenden, V.L. Snoeyink, M. Ari, Design of carbon beds to remove humic substances, J. Environ. Eng. (ASCE) 109 (1983) 631–645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Uranao, E. Yamamoto, M. Tonegawa, K. Fujie, Adsorption of chlorinated organic compounds on activated carbon from water, Water Res. 25 (1991) 1459–1464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.L. Sotelo, G. Ovejero, J.A. Delgado, I. Martinez, Comparison of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of four chlorinated organics from water onto GAC, Water Res. 36 (2002) 599–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.M. Giusti, R.A. Conway, C.T. Lawson, Activated carbon adsorption of petrochemicals, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 46 (1974) 947–965.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Saito, The removal of hexacyanoferrate (II) and (III) ions in dilute aqueous solution by activated carbon, Water Res. 18 (1984) 319–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. McKay, M.J. Bino, A.R. Altameni, The adsorption of various pollutants from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon, Water Res. 19 (1985) 491–495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.H. Smith, Evaluation of multicomponent adsorption equilibria for organic mixtures onto activated carbon, Water Res. 25 (1991) 125–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I.N. Najm, V.L. Snoeyink, Y. Richard, Removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and natural organic matters from water supplies using PAC in floc-blanket reactors, Water Res. 27 (1993) 551–560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Rivera-Utrilla, M. Sanchez-Polo, F. Carrasco-Marin, Adsorption of 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid on activated carbon in the presence of Cd(II), Cr(III), and Hg(II). Importance of electrostatic interactions, Langmuir 19 (2003) 10857–10861.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.K. Wang, S.E. Lee, Evolution of granular activated carbon adsorber design criteria for removal of organics based on pilot small-scale studies, Water Sci. Technol. 35 (1997) 227–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Moreno-Castilla, J. Rivera-Utrilla, Carbon materials as adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from the aqueous phase, Mater. Res. Soc. Bull. 26 (2001) 890–894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.N. Ahmed, R.N. Ram, Removal of basic dye from waste-water using silica as adsorbent, Environ. Pollut. 77 (1992) 79–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.I. Kim, B.U. Bae, Design and evaluation of hydraulic baffled-channel PAC contractor for taste and odor removal from drinking water supplies, Water Res. 41 (2007) 2256–2266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Haghseresht, S. Nouri, J.J. Finnerty, G.Q. Lu, Effects of surface chemistry on aromatic compound adsorption from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon, J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 10935–10943.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Mohan, C.U. Pittman Jr, Activated carbons and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri- and hexavalent chromium from water, J. Hazard. Mater. 137 (2006) 762–811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Reife, H.S. Freeman, Pollution prevention in the production of dyes and pigments, Text. Chem. Col. Am. Dyes Rep. 32 (2000) 56–60.
   Google Scholar
• Z. Aksu, Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: A review, Process Biochem. 40 (2005) 997–1026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.K. Malik, S.K. Saha, Oxidation of direct dyes with hydrogen peroxide using ferrous ion as catalyst, Sep. Purif. Technol. 31 (2003) 241–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Gabriel, J. Hong, Decolorization of reactive dyes, Res. J. Appl. Sci. 3 (2008) 216–224.
   Google Scholar
• K.Y. Foo, B.H. Hammed, Review of recent developments in the preparation and regeneration of activated carbon by microwave, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 149 (2009) 19–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.J.M. Suhas, M.M.L. Carrott, R. Carrott, Lignin-from natural adsorbent to activated carbon: A review, Bioresour. Technol. 98 (2007) 2301–2312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Loannidou, A. Zabanistou, Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production—a review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 11 (2007) 1966–2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Sharma, D.P. Tiwari, S.K. Singh, Decolourisation of synthetic dyes by agricultural waste—A review, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 3(2) (2012) 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• S. Arivoli, M. Thenkukuzhali, P. Martin Deva Prasath, Adsorption of rhodamine B by acid activated car-bon: Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies, Electron. J. Chem. 1(2) (2009) 138–155.
   Google Scholar
• E.L. Ola Abdelwahab, E. Ahmed-Nemr, L. Amany-Sikaily, A. Khaled, Use of rice husk for adsorption of direct dyes from aqueous solution: A case study of direct F. Scarlet, Egypt. J. Aquat. Res. 31(1) (2005) 1110–1354.
   Google Scholar
• L.S. Tan, K. Jain, C.A. Rozaini, Adsorption of textile dye from aqueous solution on pretreated mangrove bark, an agricultural waste: Equilibrium and kinetics studies, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Sanitation 5(3) (2010) 283–294.
   Google Scholar
• M. Hema, S. Arivoli, Adsorption kinetic and thermody-namics of malachite green dye into acid activated low cost carbon, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 12(1) (2008) 43–51.
   Google Scholar
• M.C. Ncibi, B. Mahjoub, M. Seffen, Adsorptive removal of textile reactive dye using Posidonia oceanic (L.) fibrous biomass, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 4(4) (2007) 433–440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Chandrasekhar, P.N. Pramada, Rice husk ash as an ad-sorbent for methylene blue-effect of ashing temperature, Adsorption 12 (2006) 27–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Parvathi, T. Maruthvanan, S. Sivamani, C. Prakash, C.V. Koushik, Role of tapioca peel activated carbon (TPAC) in decolourisation of red brown C4R reactive dye, Ind. J. Sci. Technol. 3(3) (2010) 290–292.
   Google Scholar
• Sumanjit, T.P.S. Walia, R. Kaur, Removal of health hazards causing acidic dyes from aqueous solutions by the process of adsorption, OJHAS 6(3) (2007) 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Y.C. Sharma, B. Singh, Uma, Fast removal of malachite green by adsorption on rice husk activated carbon, Open Environ. Pollut. Toxicol. J. 1 (2009) 74–78.
   Google Scholar
• R. Srivastava, D.C. Rupainwar, A comparative evalua-tion for adsorption of dye on neem bark and mango bark powder, Indian J. Chem. Technol. 18 (2011) 67–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.C. Somasekhara Reddy, Removal of direct dye from aqueous solution with an adsorbent made from tamarind fruit shell, an agricultural solid waste, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 65 (2006) 443–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.G. Bhattacharyya, Arunima Sharma, Azadirachta indica leaf powder as an effective biosorbent for dyes: A case study with aqueous congo red solutions, J. Environ. Manage. 71 (2004) 217–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Abassi, N. Razzaghi Asl, Removal of hazardous reactive blue 19 dye from aqueous solution by agricultural waste, J. Iran. Chem. Res. 2 (2009) 221–230.
   Google Scholar
• S. Patil, S. Renukdas, N. Patil, Removal of methylene blue, a basic dye from aqueous solution by ad-sorption using teak tree (Tectona grandis) bark powder, Int. J. Environ. Sci. 1(5) (2011) 711–725.
   Google Scholar
• T. Hassanein, B. Koumanova, Evaluation of ad-sorption potential of the agricultural waste wheat straw for basic yellow 21, J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Metall. 45(4) (2010) 407–414.
   Google Scholar
• S.-T. Ong, P.-S. Keng, S.-L. Lee, M.-H. Leong, Y.-T. Hung, Equilibrium studies for the removal of basic dye by sunflower seed husk (Helianthus annus), Int. J. Phys. Sci. 5(8) (2010) 1270–1276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrero, Dye removal by low cost adsorbents: Hazelnut shell in comparison with wood saw dust, J. Hazard. Mater. 142 (2007) 144–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Crini, Non conventional low cost adsorbent for dye removal: A review, Bioresour. Technol. 97 (2006) 1061–1085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.C. Chandra, M.M. Mirna, Y. Sudaryanto, S. Ismadji, Adsorption of basic dye onto activated carbon prepared from durian shell: Studies of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics, Chem. Eng. J. 127 (2007) 121–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.M. Walker, L.R. Weatherly, Adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution—The effect of adsorbent pore size distribution and dye aggregation, Chem. Eng. J. 83 (2001) 201–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.V. Kumar, V. Ramamurthi, S. Sivanesan, Modeling the mechanism involved during the sorption of methylene blue onto fly ash, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 284 (2005) 14–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.B. Wang, Y. Boyjoo, A. Choueib, Z.H. Zhu, Removal of dyes from aqueous solution using fly ash and red mud, Water Res. 39 (2005) 129–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Guo, D.A. Rockstraw, Physicochemical properties of carbon prepared from pecan shell by phosphoric acid activation, Bioresour. Technol. 98 (2007) 1513–1521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.J.B. Evans, E. Halliop, J.A.F. MacDonald, The production of chemically activated carbon, Carbon 37 (1999) 269–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Suarez-Garcia, A. Martinez-Alonso, J.M.D. Tascon, Porous texture of activated carbons prepared by phosphoric acid activation of apple pulp, Carbon 39 (2001) 1103–1116.
   Google Scholar
• B.S. Girgis, A.N.A. El-Hendawy, Porosity development in activated carbons obtained from date pits under chemical avtivation with phosphoric acid, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 52 (2002) 105–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Rodriguez, A. Lama, R. Rodriguez, A. Jiminez, R.L. Guillen, J. Fernandez-Bolanos, Olive stones an attractive source of bioactive and valuable compounds, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 5261–5269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.K. Gupta, T.L. Suhas, Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal—A review, J. Environ. Manage. 90 (2009) 2313–2342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.K. Gupta, P.J.M. Carrott, M.M.L. Ribeiro Carrott, T.L. Suhas, Low-cost adsorbents: Growing approach to wastewater treatment—A review, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2009) 783–842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.K. Jain, V.K. Gupta, A. Bhatnagar, T.L. Suhas, Utilization of industrial waste products as adsorbents for the removal of dyes, J. Hazard. Mater. 101 (2003) 31–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.C. Sharma, C.F. Forster, Removal of hexavalent chromium using sphagnum moss peat, Water Res. 27 (1993) 1201–1208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.H. Lin, R.S. Juang, Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: A review, J. Environ. Manage. 90 (2009) 1336–1349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USGS (a), Minerals Yearbook: Peat, 2005. Available from:http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/peat/peat myb05.pdf ( Accessed 30 June 2011).
   Google Scholar
• USGS (b). 2005 Minerals Handbook: Clay, 2007. Available from: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/clays/claysmyb05.pdf ( Accessed 30 June 2011).
   Google Scholar
• S. Babel, T.A. Kurniawan, Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/or chitosan, Chemosphere 54 (2004) 951–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Mathialagan, T. Viraraghavan, Adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions by perlite, J. Hazard. Mater. 94 (2002) 291–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.A. Toles, W.E. Marshall, L.H. Wartelle, A. McAloon, Steam- or carbon dioxideactivated carbons from almond shells: Physical, chemical and adsorptive properties and estimated cost of production, Bioresour. Technol. 75 (2000) 197–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.N.A. El-Hendawy, S.E. Samara, B.S. Giris, Adsorption characteristics of activated carbons obtained from corncobs, Colloids Surf. A: Physiochem. Eng. Aspects 180 (2001) 209–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.C. Baquero, L. Giraldo, J.C. Moreno, F. Suarez-Garcia, A. Martinez–Alonso, J.M.D. Tascon, Activated carbons by pyrolysis of coffee bean husks in presence of phosphoric acid, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 70 (2003) 779–784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.C. Chen, J.Y. Wu, D.J. Liou, S.C.J. Hwang, Decolorization of the textile dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains, J. Biotechnol. 101 (2003) 57–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Arami, N.Y. Limaee, N.M. Mahmoodi, N.S. Tabrizi, Removal of dyes from colored textile wastewater by orange peel adsorbent: Equilibrium and kinetic studies, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 288 (2005) 371–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Hirata, N. Kawasaki, T. Nakamura, K. Matsumoto, M. Kabayama, T. Tamura, I. Tanada, Adsorption of dyes onto carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds by microwave treatments, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 254 (2002) 1513–1521.
   Google Scholar
• R. Tsunoda, T. Ozawa, J.I. Ando, Ozone treatments of coal and coffee grounds-based active carbons: Water vapour adsorption and surface fractal micropores, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 205 (1998) 265–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Nakamura, T. Tokimoro, N. Kawasaki, S. Tanada, Decolorization of acidic dye by charcoal from coffee grounds, J. Health Sci. 49 (2003) 520–523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Namane, A. Mekarzia, K. Benrachedi, N. Belhaneche-Bensemra, A. Hellal, Determination of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon made from coffee grounds by chemical activation with ZnCl2 and H3PO4, J. Hazard. Mater. B 119 (2005) 189–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Yagmur, M. Ozmak, Z. Aktas, A novel method for production of activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with microwave energy, Fuel 87 (2008) 3278–3285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Laine, A. Calafat, M. Labady, Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from coconut shell impregnated, Carbon 27 (1989) 191–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, M.A. Ahmad, Coconut (Cocos nucifera) shell based activated carbon for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions, Sep. Sci. Technol. 47(6) (2012) 903–912.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Robinson, B. Chandran, P. Nigam, Removal of dyes from a synthetic textile dye effluent by biosorption on apple pomace and wheat straw, Water Res. 36 (2002) 2824–2830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Namasivayam, N. Muniasamy, K. Gayatri, M. Rani, K. Ranganathan, Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by cellulosic waste orange peel, Bioresour. Technol. 57 (1996) 37–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Annadurai, R. Juang, D. Lee, Use of cellulose-based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater. B 92 (2002) 263–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Meyer, F.H.H. Carlson, R.A. Oellermann, Decolourization of textile effluent using a low cost natural adsorbent material, Water Sci. Technol. 26 (1992) 1205–1211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. McKay, G. Ramprasad, P. Mowli, Desorption and regeneration of dye colours from low-cost materials, Water Res. 21 (1987) 375–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Robinson, B. Chandran, P. Nigam, Effect of pretreatments of three waste residues, wheat straw, corncobs and barley husks on dye adsorption, Bioresour. Technol. 85 (2002) 119–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Srinivasan, N. Balasubaramanian, T.V. Ramakhrisna, Studies on chromium removal by rice husk carbon, Indian J. Environ. Health 30 (1988) 376–387.
   Google Scholar
• N. Kannan, M.M. Sundaram, Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons—A comparative study, Dyes Pigm. 51 (2001) 25–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.K. Malik, Use of activated carbons prepared from sawdust and rice-husk for adsorption of acid dyes: A case study of acid yellow 36, Dyes Pigm. 56 (2003) 239–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Mohanty, J.T. Naidu, B.C. Meikap, M.N. Biswas, Removal of crystal violet from wastewater by activated carbons prepared from rice husk, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45 (2006) 5165–5171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Ahmaruzzaman, D.K. Sharma, Adsorption of phenols from wastewater, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 287 (2005) 14–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. McKay, J.F. Porter, G.R. Prasad, The removal of dye colours from aqueous solutions by adsorption on low-cost materials, Water Air Soil Pollut. 114 (1999) 423–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Kaur, N. Prasad, Adsorption of dyes on rice husk ash, Indian J. Chem. Sect. A 40 (2001) 388–391.
   Google Scholar
• S. Chandrasekhar, P.N. Pramada, Rice husk ash as an adsorbent for methylene blue-effect of ashing temperature, Adsorption 12 (2006) 27–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.R. Lakshmi, V.C. Srivastava, I.D. Mall, D.H. Lataye, Rice husk ash as an effective adsorbent: Evaluation of adsorptive characteristics for indigo carmine dye, J. Environ. Manage. 90 (2009) 710–720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.M. Gong, Y. Ding, M. Li, C. Yang, H.J. Liu, Y.Z. Sun, Utilization of powdered peanut hull as biosorbent for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution, Dyes Pigm. 64 (2005) 187–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.J.P. Poots, G. McKay, J.J. Healy, The removal of acid dye from effluent using natural adsorbents II wood, Water Res. 10 (1976) 1067–1070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.M. Nassar, M.F. Hamoda, G.H. Radwan, Adsorption equilibria of basic dyestuff onto palm-fruit bunch particles, Water Sci. Technol. 32 (1995) 27–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.M. Nassar, Intraparticle diffusion of basic red and basic yellow dyes on palm fruit bunch, Water Sci. Technol. 40 (1999) 133–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.K. Garg, R. Gupta, A.B. Yadav, R. Kumar, Dye removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust, Bioresour. Technol. 89 (2003) 121–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.C. Morais, O.M. Freitas, E.P. Goncalves, L.T. Vasconcelos, C.G.G. Beca, Reactive dyes removal from wastewaters by adsorption on eucalyptus bark: Variables that define the process, Water Res. 33 (1999) 979–988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.G. Bhattacharyy, A. Sharma, Adsorption characteristics of the dye, brilliant green, on neem leaf powder, Dyes Pigm. 57 (2003) 211–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Namasivayam, K. Kadirvelu, Coir pith, an agricultural waste by-product, for the treatment of dyeing wastewater, Bioresour. Technol. 48 (1994) 79–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Namasivayam, D. Prabha, M. Kumutha, Removal of direct red and acid brilliant blue by adsorption onto banana pith, Bioresour. Technol. 64 (1998) 77–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, M.A. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, Adsorptive features of banana (Musa paradisiaca) stalk-based activated carbon for malachite green dye removal, Chem. Ecol. 28(2) (2012) 153–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. McKay, E. El Geundi, M.M. Nassar, Pore diffusion during the adsorption of dyes onto bagasse pith, Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 74 (1996) 487–502.
   Google Scholar
• K.S. Low, C.K. Lee, L.L. Heng, Sorption of basic dyes by Hydrilla verticillata, Environ. Technol. 14 (1993) 115–124.
   Google Scholar
• K.S. Low, C.K. Lee, K.K. Tan, Biosorption of basic dye by water hyacinth roots, Bioresour. Technol. 52 (1995) 79–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Suarez- Garcia, A. Martinez-Alonso, J.M.D. Tascon, Porous texture of activated carbons prepared by phosphoric acid activation of apple pulp, Carbon 39(2001) 1103–1116.
   Google Scholar
• V.O. Njoku, Equilibrium and kinetics studies of the adsorption of Cd(II) and Zn(II) by cocoa pod husk, in: 4th USM—JIRCAS Joint International Symposium Sustainable Natural Resources and Innovation for a Greener Future, Malaysia, January 18–19, 2011, pp. 360–365.
   Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, M.A. Ahmad, Adsorptive removal of synthetic textile dye using coca pod husks, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 93 (7) (2011) 1298–1308.
   Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, M.A. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, Adsorptive features of banana (Musa paradisiaca) stalk based activated carbon for malachite green dye removal, Chem. Ecol. 28 (2012) 153–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, T.A. Fatona, F.S. Falaye, O.M. Osuolale, O. Victor Njoku, Adsorption of Eosin dye from aqueous solution using groundnut hull-based activated carbon: Kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics studies, Environ. Eng. Sci. 29(2012) 186–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.S. Chou, J.C. Tsai, C.T. Lo, The adsorption of congo red and vacuum pump oil by rice hull ash, Bioresour. Technol. 78 (2001) 217–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.G. Bhattacharyya, A. Sharma, Azadirachta indica leaf powder as an effective biosorbent for dyes: A case study with aqueous congo red solutions, J. Environ. Manage. 71 (2004) 217–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.E. Ofomaja, Y.S. Ho, Equilibrium sorption of anionic dye from aqueous solution by palm kernel fibre as sorbent, Dyes Pigm. 74 (2007) 60–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I.A.W. Tan, B.H. Hameed, A.L. Ahmad, Equilibrium and kinetic studies on basic dye adsorption by oil palm fibre activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 127 (2007) 111–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.R. Binupriya, M. Sathishkumar, K. Swaminathan, C.S. Ku, S.E. Yun, Comparative studies on removal of congo red by native and modified mycelia pellets of Trametes versicolor in various reactor modes, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 1080–1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Casieri, V. Prigione, A. Anastasi, V. Tigini, G.C. Varese, Metabolism independent biosorption of industrial dyes by fungal biomasses revealed by batch sorption experiments and confocal microscopy. Int. J. Chem. Eng. (in press).
   Google Scholar
• L. Lian, L. Guo, C. Guo, Adsorption of congo red from aqueous solutions onto Ca bentonite, J. Hazard. Mater. 161 (2009) 126–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Chegrouche, A. Mellah, S. Telmoune, Removal of lanthanum from aqueous solutions by natural bentonite, Water Res. 31 (1997) 1733–1737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Kaufhold, M. Pohlmann, R. Dohrmann, R. Nuesch, About the possible upgrade of bentonite with respect to iodide retention capacity, Appl. Clay Sci. 35 (2007) 39–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Kaya, A.H. Oren, Adsorption of zinc from aqueous solutions to bentonite, J. Hazard. Mater. 125 (2005) 183–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Chen, J. Zhao, Adsorption study for removal of congo red anionic dye using organo-attapulgite, Adsorption 15 (2009) 381–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Rodriguez, A. Lama, R. Rodriguez, A. Jiminez, R.L. Guillen, J. Fernandez-Bolanos, Olive stone an attractive source of bioactive and valuable compounds, Bioresour. Technol. 99(2008) 5261–5269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Namasivayam, R. Yamuna, Adsorption of direct red 12 B by bio-gas residual slurry: Equilibrium and rate process, Environ. Pollut. 89 (1995) 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.C. Baquero, L. Giraldo, J.C. Moreno, F. Suarez-Garcia, A. Martinez-Alonso, J.M.D. Tascon, Activated carbons by pyrolysis of coffee bean husk in presence of phosphoric acid, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 70 (2003) 520–523.
   Google Scholar
• A. Shawwa, D. Smith, D. Sego, Colour and chlorinated organic removal from pulp mills wastewater using activated petroleum coke, Water Res. 35 (2001) 745–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.S. Giris, A.N.A. El-Hendawy, Porosity development in activated carbons obtained from date pits under chemical activation with phosphoric acid, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 52 (2002) 105–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.-N.A. El-Hendawy, S.E. Samara, B.S. Giris, Adsorption characteristics of activated carbons obtained from corncobs, Colloids Surf. A: Physiochem. Eng. Aspects 180 (2001) 209–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Ozacar, A. Sengil, Adsorption of reactive dyes on calcined alunite from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater. B 98 (2003) 221–224.
   Google Scholar
• C. Namasivayam, R. Yamuna, Adsorption of direct red 12 B by bio-gas residual slurry: Equilibrium and rate process, Environ. Pollut. 89 (1995) 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.K. Lee, K.S. Low, L.C. Chung, Removal of some organic dyes by hexane extracted spent bleaching earth, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 69 (1997) 93–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Shawwa, D. Smith, D. Sego, Colour and chlorinated organic removal from pulp mills wastewater using activated petroleum coke, Water Res. 35(3) (2001) 745–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Grassi, G. Kaykioglu, V. Belgiorno, G. Lofrano, Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water and Wastewater by Adsorption Process, Springer 94 (2012) 15–36.
   Google Scholar
• A. Bhatnagar, A.K. Jain, A comparative adsorption study with different industrial wastes as adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes from water, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 281 (2005) 49–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Bhatnagar, M. Sillanpää, Utilization of agro-industrial and municipal waste materials as potential adsorbents for water treatment—A review, Chem. Eng. J. 157 (2010) 277–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.S. Ngah, M.A.K.M. Hanafiah, Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: A review, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 3935–3948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Mathur, P. Bhatnagar, Mutagenicity assessment of textile dyes from Sanganer (Rajasthan), J. Environ. Biol. 28 (2007) 123–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Gong, Y. Sun, J. Chen, H. Lui, C. Yang, Effects of chemical modification on dye adsorption capacity of peanut hull, Dyes Pigm. 67 (2005) 175–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.I. Pearce, J.R. Lloyd, J.T. Guthrie, The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: A review, Dyes Pigm. 58 (2003) 179–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, D.K. Mahmoud, A.L. Ahmad, Equilibrium modeling and kinetic studies on the adsorption of basic dye by a low-cost adsorbent: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) bunch waste, J. Hazard. Mater. 158 (2008) 65–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I.A.W. Tan, A.L. Ahmad, B.H. Hameed, Adsorption of basic dye on high-surface-area activated carbon prepared from coconut husk: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, J. Hazard. Mater. 154 (2008) 337–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, I.A.W. Tan, A.L. Ahmad, Adsorption isotherm, kinetic modeling and mechanism of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on coconut husk-based activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J. 144 (2008) 235–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, A.A. Ahmad, N. Aziz, Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of acid dye adsorption on activated palm ash, J. Chem. Eng. 133 (2007) 195–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.J.T. Pollard, G.D. Fowler, C.J. Sollars, R. Perry, Low-cost adsorbents for waste and wastewater treatment: A review, Sci. Total Environ. 116 (1992) 31–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Aksu, Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: A review, Process Biochem. 40 (2005) 997–1026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Crini, Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: A review, Bioresour. Technol. 97 (2006) 1061–1085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.S. Miguel, S.D. Lambert, N.J.D. Graham, A practical review of the performance of organic and inorganic adsorbents for the treatment of contaminated waters, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 81 (2006) 1685–1696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Ahmaruzzaman, Adsorption of phenolic compounds on low-cost adsorbents: A review, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 143 (2008) 48–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Sud, G. Mahajan, M.P. Kaur, Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions—A review, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 6017–6027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Demirbas, Agricultural based activated carbons for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions: A review, J. Hazard. Mater. 167 (2009) 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Rafatullah, O. Sulaiman, R. Hashim, A. Ahmad, Adsorption of methylene blue on low-cost adsorbents: A review, J. Hazard. Mater. 177 (2010) 70–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Senthil Kumar, S. Ramalingam, C. Senthamarai, M. Niranjanaa, P. Vijayalakshmi, S. Sivanesan, Adsorption of dye from aqueous solution by cashew nut shell: Studies on equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of interactions, Desalination 261 (2010) 52–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.S. Chiou, P.Y. Ho, H.Y. Li, Adsorption of anionic dyes in acid solutions using chemically cross-linked chitosan beads, Dyes Pigm. 60 (2004) 69–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Hasan, A.L. Ahmad, B.H. Hameed, Adsorption of reactive dye onto crosslinked chitosan/oil palm ash composite beads, Chem. Eng. J. 136 (2008) 164–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.L. Ahmad, S. Sumathi, B.H. Hameed, Adsorption of residue oil from palm oil mill effluent using powder and flake chitosan: Equilibrium and kinetic studies, Water Res. 39 (2005) 2483–2494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Xua, J. Wanga, R. Wua, J. Wanga, H. Li, Adsorption behaviors of acid and basic dyes on crosslinked amphoteric starch, Chem. Eng. J. 117 (2006) 161–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Gursesa, C. Dogarc,M. Yalcına, M. Acıkyıldıza, R. Bayraka, S. Karaca, The adsorption kinetics of the cationic dye, methylene blue, onto clay, J. Hazard. Mater. B 131 (2006) 217–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.B. Karim, B. Mounir, M. Hachkar, M. Bakasse, A. Yaacoubi, Removal of basic red 46 dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto Moroccan clay, J. Hazard. Mater. 168 (2009) 304–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Rytwo, S. Nir, L. Margulies, Interactions of monovalent organic cations with montmorillonite-adsorption studies and model-calculations, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59 (1995) 554–564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Bilgic, Investigation of the factors affecting organic cation adsorption on some silicate minerals, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 281 (2005) 33–36.
   Google Scholar
• L. Margulies, H. Rozen, S. Nir, Model for competitive adsorption of organic cations on clays, Clay Miner. 36 (1988) 270–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.K. Nandi, A. Goswami, M.K. Purkait, Adsorption characteristics of brilliant green dye on kaolin, J. Hazard. Mater. 161 (2009) 387–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Murray, Industrial clays case study, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) 64 (2002) 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• S.N.B.S. Jaafar, 2006, Adsorption study—Dye removal using clay. A B. Chem. Eng. thesis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, University College of Engineering & Technology, Malaysia.
   Google Scholar
• A.M.D. Jesus, L.P.C. Romão, B.R. Araújo, A.S. Costa, J.J. Marques, Use of humin as an alternative material for adsorption/desorption of reactive dyes, Desalination 274 (2011) 13–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.J. McCreary, V.L. Snoeyink, Characterization and activated carbon adsorption of several humic substances, Water Res. 14 (1980) 151–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.C. Lee, J.C. Crittenden, V.L. Snoeyink, M. Ari, Design of carbon beds to remove humic substances, J. Environ. Eng. (ASCE) 109 (1983) 631–645.
   Google Scholar
• E. Eren, B. Afsin, Investigation of a basic dye adsorption from aqueous solution onto raw and pre-treated sepiolite surfaces, Dyes Pigm. 73 (2007) 162–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Qiu, C. Qian, J. Xu, J. Wu, G. Wang, Studies on the adsorption of dyes into clinoptilolite, Desalination 243 (2009) 286–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Ellis, W. Korth, Removal of geosmin and methylisoborneol from drinking water by adsorption on ultrastable zeolite-Y, Water Res. 27 (1993) 535–539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Okolo, C. Park, M.A. Keane, Interaction of phenol and chlorophenols with activated carbon and synthetic zeolites in aqueous media, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 226 (2000) 308–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Metes, D. Kovacevic, D. Vujevic, S. Papic, The role of zeolites in wastewater treatment of printing inks, Water Res. 38 (2004) 3373–3381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Nuithitikul, S. Srikhun, S. Hirunpraditkoon, Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of basic green 4 dye on activated carbon derived from durian peel: Effects of pyrolysis and post-treatment conditions, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 41 (2010) 591–598.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Shukla, Y.H. Zhang, P. Dubey, J.L. Margrave, S.S. Shukla, The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water, J. Hazard. Mater. 95 (2002) 137–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.A. Batzias, D.K. Sidiras, Simulation of dye adsorption by beech sawdust as affected by pH, J. Hazad. Mater. 141 (2007) 668–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Hamdaoui, Batch study of liquid-phase adsorption of methylene blue using cedar sawdust and crushed brick, J. Hazard. Mater. B135 (2006) 264–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Ahmad, M. Rafatullah, O. Sulaiman, M.H. Ibrahim, R. Hashim, Scavenging behaviour of meranti sawdust in the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater. 170 (2009) 357–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Chakraborty, S. De, S. Dasgupta, J.K. Basu, Removal of dyes from aqueous solution using a low cost adsorbent, in: Water and Wastewater Perspectives of Developing Countries, Proceedings of International Conference, International Water Association, New Delhi, India, 2002, pp. 1089–1096.
   Google Scholar
• A.E. Ofomaja, Equilibrium sorption of methylene blue using mansonia wood sawdust as biosorbents, Desalin. Water Treat. 3 (2009) 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.S. De, J.K. Basu, Adsorption of methylene blue on to a low cost adsorbent developed from sawdust, Ind. J. Environ. Prot. 19 (1998) 416–421.
   Google Scholar
• P. Janos, S. Coskun, V. Pilarova, J. Rejnek, Removal of basic (methylene blue) and acid (Egacid orange) dyes from waters by sorption on chemically treated wood shavings, Bioresour. Technol. 100 (2009) 1450–1453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.A. Batzias, D.K. Sidiras, Dye adsorption by calcium chloride treated beech sawdust in batch and fixed-bed systems, J. Hazard. Mater. B 114 (2004) 167–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.A. Batzias, D.K. Sidiras, Dye adsorption by prehydrolysed beech sawdust in batch and fixed-bed systems, Bioresour. Technol. 98 (2007) 1208–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.O. Cristóvãoa, A.P.M. Tavaresa, A.I. Brígidab, J.M. Loureiroa R.A.R. Boaventuraa, E.A. Macedoa, M.A.Z. Coelhob, Immobilization of commercial laccase onto green coconut fiber by adsorption and its application for reactive textile dyes degradation, J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym.. 72 (2011) 6–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Suna, X. Zhanga, Y. Wub, X. Liua, Adsorption of anionic dyes from aqueous solution on fly ash, J. Hazard. Mater. 181 (2010) 335–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, O.A. Oluwole, M.A. Ahmad, Kinetics and thermodynamics studies on Eosin dye adsorption onto fly ash, in: 4th USM—JIRCAS Joint International Symposium Sustainable Natural Resources and Innovation for a Greener future January 18–19, 2011, pp. 105–110.
   Google Scholar
• P. Janos, H. Buchtova, M. Ryznarova, Sorption of dyes from aqueous solutions onto fly ash, Water Res. 37 (2003) 4938–4944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Zhang, Z. Lu, M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer, J.M. Andresen, H.H. Schobert, Comparison of high-unburned-carbon fly ashes from different combustor types and their steam activated products, Energy Fuels 17 (2003) 369–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Montagnaro, P. Salatino, G. Bernardo, A. Telesca, G.L. Valenti, Reuse of fly ash from a fluidized bed combustor for sulfur uptake: The role of ettringite in hydration-induced reactivation, Energy Fuels 19 (2005) 1822–1827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.L.K. Mui, W.H. Cheunga, M. Valixb, G. McKaya, Dye adsorption onto char from bamboo, J. Hazard. Mater. 177 (2010) 1001–1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, A.T.M. Din, A.L. Ahmed, Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies, J. Hazard. Mat. 14 (2007) 819–825.
   Google Scholar
• G. San Miguel, G.D. Fowler, M. Dall-Orso, C.J.J. Sollars, Polarity and surface characteristics of activated carbon produced from waste tyre rubber, Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 77 (2001) 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.L.K. Mui, W.H. Cheunga, M. Valixb, G. McKaya, Dye adsorption onto activated carbons from tyre rubber waste using surface coverage analysis, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 347 (2010) 290–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, M.A. Ahmad, Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon derived from rubber seed coat, Bulgarian J. Sci. Edu. 21 (3) (2012) 389–395.
   Google Scholar
• B.S. Inbaraj, K. Selvarani, N. Sulochana, Evaluation of a carbonaceous sorbent prepared from pearl millet husk for its removal of basic dyes, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 61 (2002) 971–978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Tunc, H. Tanac, Z. Aksu, Potential use of cotton plant wastes for the removal of Remazol Black B reactive dye, J. Hazard. Mater. 163 (2009) 187–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, Evaluation of papaya seeds as a novel non-conventional lowcost adsorbent for removal of methylene blue, J. Hazard. Mater. 162 (2009) 939–944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Sun, X. Xu, Sunflower stalks as adsorbents for color removal from textile wastewater, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 36 (1997) 808–812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O.S. Bello, A.I. Adeogun, J.C. Ajaelu, E.O. Fehintola, Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon derived from periwinkle shells: Kinetics and equilibrium studies, Chem. Ecol. 24 (2008) 285–295
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.E. Ofomaja, Sorption dynamics and isotherm studies of methylene blue uptake on to palm kernel fibre, Chem. Eng. J. 126 (2007) 35–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Gong, Y. Jin, J. Chen, Y. Hu, J. Sun, Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution by sorption on phosphoric acid modified rice straw, Dyes Pigm. 73 (2007) 332–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, M.I. El-Khaiary, Sorption kinetics and isotherm studies of a cationic dye using agricultural waste: Broad bean peels, J. Hazard. Mater. 154 (2008) 639–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Ponnusami, V. Gunasekar, S.N. Srivastava, Kinetics of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using gulmohar (Delonix regia) plant leaf powder: Multivariate regression analysis, J. Hazard. Mater. 169 (2009) 119–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N.A. Oladoja, C.O. Aboluwoye, Y.B. Oladimeji, A.O. Ashogbon, I.O. Otemuyiwa, Studies on castor seed shell as a sorbent in basic dye contaminated wastewater remediation, Desalination 227 (2008) 190–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, M.I. El-Khaiary, Removal of basic dye from aqueous medium using a novel agricultural waste material: Pumpkin seed hull, J. Hazard. Mater. 155 (2008) 601–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.K. Singh, B. Srivastava, Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions by chemically treated Psidium guyava leaves, Indian J. Environ. Health 41 (1999) 333–345.
   Google Scholar
• A. Ahmad, M. Rafatullah, O. Sulaiman, M.H. Ibrahim, R. Hashim, Scavenging behaviour of meranti sawdust in the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater. 170 (2009) 357–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, R.R. Krishni, S.A. Sata, A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater. 162 (2009) 305–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Ozer, G. Dursun, A. Ozer, Methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution by dehydrated peanut hull, J. Hazard. Mater. 144 (2007) 171–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.S. Low, C.K. Lee, The removal of cationic dyes using coconut husk as an absorbent, Pertanika 13 (1990) 221–228.
   Google Scholar
• L.S. Oliveira, A.S. Franca, T.M. Alves, S.D.F. Rocha, Evaluation of untreated coffee husks as potential biosorbents for treatment of dye contaminated waters, J. Hazard. Mater. 155 (2008) 507–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Lata, V.K. Garg, R.K. Gupta, Removal of a basic dye from aqueous solution by adsorption using Parthenium hysterophorus: An agricultural waste, Dyes Pigm. 74 (2007) 653–658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. McKay, G. Ramprasad, P. Pratapamowli, Equilibrium studies for the adsorption of dyestuffs from aqueous solution by low-cost materials, Water Air Soil Pollut. 29 (1986) 273–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, A.A. Ahmad, Batch adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by garlic peel, an agricultural waste biomass, J. Hazard. Mater. 164 (2009) 870–875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N.A. Oladoja, I.O. Asia, C.O. Aboluwoye, Y.B. Oladimeji, A.O. Ashogbon, Studies on the sorption of basic dye by rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed shell, Turk. J. Eng. Environ. Sci. 32 (2008) 143–152.
   Google Scholar
• R. Han, W. Zou, W. Yu, S. Cheng, Y. Wang, J. Shi, Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by fallen phoenix tree’s leaves, J. Hazard. Mater. 141 (2007) 156–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Banat, S. Al-Asheh, L. Al-Makhadmeh, Evaluation of the use of raw and activated date pits as potential adsorbents for dye containing waters, Process Biochem. 39 (2003) 193–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, D.K. Mahmoud, A.L. Ahmad, Equilibrium modeling and kinetic studies on the adsorption of basic dye by a low-cost adsorbent: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) bunch waste, J. Hazard. Mater. 158 (2008) 65–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Gong, M. Li, C. Yang, Y. Sun, J. Chen, Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution by adsorption on peanut hull, J. Hazard. Mater. B 121 (2005) 247–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Demir, A. Top, D. Balkose, S. Ulku, Dye adsorption behavior of Luffa cylindrical fibers, J. Hazard. Mater. 153 (2008) 389–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.A. Pavan, E.C. Lima, S.L.P. Dias, A.C. Mazzocato, Methylene blue biosorption from aqueous solutions by yellow passion fruit waste, J. Hazard. Mater. 150 (2008) 703–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Vadivelan, K.V. Kumar, Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism, and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 286 (2005) 90–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Dogan, H. Abak, M. Alkan, Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by hazelnut shells: Equilibrium, parameters and isotherms, Water Air Soil Pollut. 192 (2008) 141–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.S. De, J.K. Basu, Adsorption of methylene blue on to a low cost adsorbent developed from sawdust, Indian J. Environ. Prot. 19 (1998) 416–421.
   Google Scholar
• K.V. Kumar, K. Porkodi, Mass transfer, kinetics and equilibrium studies for the biosorption of methylene blue using Paspalum notatum, J. Hazard. Mater. 146 (2007) 214–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Bestani, N. Benderdouche, B. Benstaali, M. Belhakem, A. Addou, Methylene blue and iodine adsorption onto an activated desert plant, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 8441–8444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Banerjee, M.G. Dastidar, Use of jute processing wastes for treatment of wastewater contaminated with dye and other organics, Bioresour. Technol. 96 (2005) 1919–1928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Annadurai, R. Juang, D. Lee, Use of cellulose-based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater. B 92 (2002) 263–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Han, Y. Wang, P. Han, J. Shi, J. Yang, Y. Lu, Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chaff in batch mode, J. Hazard. Mater. B 137 (2006) 550–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Janos, S. Coskun, V. Pilarova, J. Rejnek, Removal of basic (methylene blue) and acid (Egacid orange) dyes from waters by sorption on chemically treated wood shavings, Bioresour. Technol. 100 (2009) 1450–1453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Bulut, H.A. Aydin, Kinetics and thermodynamics study of methylene blue adsorption on wheat shells, Desalination 194 (2006) 259–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.K. Garg, M. Amita, R. Kumar, R. Gupta, Basic dye (methylene blue) removal from simulated wastewater by adsorption using Indian Rosewood sawdust: A timber industry waste, Dyes Pigm. 63 (2004) 243–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.G. Bhattacharyya, A. Sharma, Kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue adsorption on neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder, Dyes Pigm. 65 (2005) 51–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. McKay, J.F. Porter, G.R. Prasad, The removal of dye colours from aqueous solutions by adsorption on low-cost materials, Water Air Soil Pollut. 114 (1999) 423–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, Grass waste: A novel sorbent for the removal of basic dye from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater. 166 (2009) 233–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, D.K. Mahmoud, A.L. Ahmad, Sorption of basic dye from aqueous solution by pomelo (Citrus grandis) peel in a batch system, Colloids Surf. A316 (2008) 78–84.
   Google Scholar
• V. Ponnusami, S. Vikram, S.N. Srivastava, Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf powder: Novel adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater. 152 (2008) 276–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.H. Hameed, Removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution using jackfruit peel as non-conventional low-cost adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater. 162 (2009) 344–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.R. Khan, H. Tahir, F. Uddin, U. Hameed, Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on the surface of wool fiber and cotton fiber, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 9(2) (2005) 29–35.
   Google Scholar
• P. Velmurugan, K.V. Rathina, G. Dhinakaran, Dye removal from aqueous solution using low cost adsorbent, Int. J. Environ. Sci. 1(7) (2011) 1492–1503.
   Google Scholar
• R. Ansari, Z. Mosayebzadeh, Removal of basic dye methylene blue from aqueous solutions using sawdust and sawdust coated with polypyrrole, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 7 (2010) 339–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A.M. Salleh, D.K. Mahmoud, N.A.B. Awang- Abu, W.A.W. AbdulKarim, A.B. Idris, Methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution by langsat (Lansium domesticum) peel, J. Purity, Utility Reaction Environ., 1(10) (2012) 472–495
   Google Scholar
• N.A. Oladoja, C.O. Aboluwoye, Y.B. Oladimeji, Kinetics and isotherm studies on methylene blue adsorption onto ground palm kernel coat, Turk. J. Eng. Environ. Sci. 32 (2008) 303–312.
   Google Scholar
• E.O. Oyelude, U.R. Owusu, Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using acid modified Calotropis procera leaf powder, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Sanit., 6(4) (2011) 477–484.
   Google Scholar
• W.X. Shi, X.J. Xu, G.G. Sun, Chemically modified sunflower stalks as adsorbents for color removal from textile wastewater, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 71 (1999) 1841–1850
   Google Scholar
• A. Rossner, S.A. Snyder, D.R.U. Knappe, Removal of emerging contaminants of concern by alternative adsorbents, Water Res. 43 (2009) 3787–3796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.E. Russo, F. Di Natale, V. Prigione, V. Tigini, A. Marzocchella, G.C. Varese, Adsorption of acid dyes on fungal biomass: Equilibrium and kinetics characterization, Chem. Eng. J. 162 (2010) 537–545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Vijayaraghavan, Y.S. Yun, Bacterial biosorbents and biosorption—A review, Biotechnol. Adv. 26 (2008) 266–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Prigione, V. Tigini, C. Pezzella, A. Anastasi, G. Sannia, G.C. Varese, Decolorisation and detoxification of textile effluents by fungal biosorption, Water Res. 42 (2008) 2911–2920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Prigione, M. Zerlottin, D. Refosco, V. Tigini, A. Anastasi, G.C. Varese, Chromium removal from a real tanning effluent by autochthonous and allochthonous fungi, Bioresour. Technol. 100 (2009) 2770–2776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Prigione, G.C. Varese, L. Casieri, S. Voyron, A. Bertolotto, V. Filipello Marchisio, Use of Cunninghamella elegans Lendner in Methods for Treating Industrial Wastewaters Containing Dyes, 2007, Patent number EP07118877.5.
   Google Scholar