Modeling and optimization of a hybrid power system supplying RO water desalination plant considering CO₂ emissions

References

• Future Directions International (NREA), The Future of Food and Water Security in New Egypt, 2012. Available from: <http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publications/food-and-water-crises/813-the-future-of-food-and-water-security-in-new-egypt.html>, Last accessed April 2015.
   Google Scholar
• A. Al-Karaghouli, D. Renne, L. Kazmerski, Solar and wind opportunities for water desalination in the Arab regions, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 13 (2009) 2397–2407.10.1016/j.rser.2008.05.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Bajpai, V. Dash, Hybrid renewable energy systems for power generation in stand-alone applications: A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 16 (2012) 2926–2939.10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Kershman, J. Rheinlander, T. Neumann, O. Goebel, Hybrid wind/PV and conventional power for desalination in Libya—GECOL’s facility for medium and small scale research at Ras Ejder, Desalination 183 (2005) 1–12.10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Spyrou, J. Anagnostopoulos, Design study of a stand-alone desalination system powered by renewable energy sources and a pumped storage unit, Desalination 257 (2010) 137–149.10.1016/j.desal.2010.02.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Yilmaz, M. Soylemez, Design and computer simulation on multi-effect evaporation seawater desalination system using hybrid renewable energy sources in Turkey, Desalination 291 (2012) 23–40.10.1016/j.desal.2012.01.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Barek, K. Bourouni, K. Ben Mohamed, Optimization coupling RO desalination unit to renewable energy by genetic algorithms, Desalin. Water Treat. 51 (2013) 1416–1428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Klise, J. Stein, Models Used to Assess the Performance of Photovoltaic Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, CA, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• L. Arribas, G. Bopp, M. Vetter, A. Lippkau, K. Mauch, World-wide overview of design and simulation tools for hybrid PV Systems, International Energy Agency, Photovoltaic Power Systems Program, Report IEA–PVPS T11-01 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• A. Khalifa, Evaluation of different hybrid power scenarios to reverse osmosis (RO) desalination units in isolated areas in Iraq, Energy Sustainable Dev. 15 (2011) 49–54.10.1016/j.esd.2011.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Fahmy, N. Ahmed, H. Farghally, Optimization of renewable energy power system for small scale brackish reverse osmosis desalination unit and a tourism motel in Egypt, Smart Grid Renewable Energy 3 (2012) 43–50.10.4236/sgre.2012.31006
   Google Scholar
• E. Mokheimer, A. Sahin, A. Al-Sharafi, A. Ali, Modeling and optimization of hybrid wind–solar-powered reverse osmosis water desalination system in Saudi Arabia, Energy Convers. Manage. 75 (2013) 86–97.10.1016/j.enconman.2013.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Nagaraj, Renewable energy based small hybrid power system for desalination applications in remote locations, Power Electronics (IICPE), Kalpakkam, 2012, pp. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• A. Mohamed, Design and cost analysis of hybrid renewable energy for water desalination in remote areas, Int. J. Sci. Res. (IJSR) 2 (2013) 342–345.
   Google Scholar
• A. Al-Karaghouli, L. Kazmerski, Economic analysis of a brackish water photovoltaic-operated (BWRO-PV) desalination system, World Renewable Energy Congress XI, Abu Dhabi, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• D. Kumar, B. Dash, A. Akella, Optimization of PV/wind/micro-hydro/diesel hybrid power system in HOMER for the study area, Int. J. Electr. Eng. Inf. 3 (2011) 307–325.10.15676/ijeei
   Google Scholar
• A. Hassan, M. EL-Saadawi, M. Kandil, M. Saeed, A particle swarm optimization based approach for optimal sizing of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems, The 16th International Middle-East Power System Conference (MEPCON’14), Cairo, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• M. Danish, F. Al Asfour, N. Al-Najem, Energy consumption in equivalent work by different desalting methods: Case study for Kuwait, Desalination 151 (2003) 83–92.
   Google Scholar
• M. Rivera, Small Wind/Photovoltaic Hybrid Renewable Energy System Optimization, M.Sc., University of Puerto Rico, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• E. Koutroulis, D. Kolokotsa, A. Potirakis, K. Kalaitzakis, Methodology for optimal sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic/wind-generator systems using genetic algorithms, Solar Energy 80 (2006) 1072–1088.10.1016/j.solener.2005.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Yazdanpanah, Modeling and sizing optimization of hybrid photovoltaic/wind power generation system, J. Ind. Eng. Int. 10 (2014) 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Solar Energy International, Photovoltaic Design and Installation Manual, New Society, Carbondale, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• A. Hassan, M. Saadawi, M. Kandil, M. Saeed, Modified particle swarm optimisation technique for optimal design of small renewable energy system supplying a specific load at Mansoura University, IET Renewable Power Gener. 9 (2015) 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Bilal, V. Sambou, C. Kébé, P. Ndiaye, M. Ndongo, Methodology to size an optimal stand-alone PV/wind/diesel/battery system minimizing the levelized cost of energy and the CO2 emissions, Energy Procedia 14 (2012) 1636–1647.10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.1145
   Google Scholar
• Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Egypt in Figures, Report, 14, 2014. Available from: <http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2014/pages/english%20Link.htm>, Last accessed April 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC, Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System: Issues Related to Hydro Fluorocarbons and Per Fluorocarbons, A Special Report, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• S. El-Mowafy, Environmental and Health Impacts Resulting from Fossil Fuels as an Energy Source in Egypt, A Report Submitted to Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (in Arabic) (2014). Available from: <http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/arabic/main/env_ind_energy.asp>, Last accessed April 2015.
   Google Scholar
• A. Anayochukwu, Feasibility assessment of a PV-diesel hybrid power system for an isolated of-grid Catholic Church, Electron. J. Energy Environ. 1 (2013) 49–63.
   Google Scholar
• A. Gupta, R. Saini, M. Sharma, Modelling of hybrid system Part I: Problem formulation and model development, Renewable Energy 36 (2011) 459–465.10.1016/j.renene.2010.06.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. El-Saadawi, A. Hassan, M. Saeed, A general PSO modification for electrical applications, J. Electr. Control Eng. 1 (2011) 25–28.
   Google Scholar
• NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy. Available from: <https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/>, Last accessed April 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Alternative Energy Store. Available from: <http://www.altestore.com/store/>, Last accessed April 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Affordable-solar Whole Sale Distribution. Available from: <http://www.affordable-solar.com/>, Last accessed April 2015.
   Google Scholar
• CIVICSOLAR. Available from: <http://www.civicsolar.com/>, Last accessed April 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Just Generators. Available from: <http://www.justgenerators.co.uk/pages/dieselrange.htm>, Last accessed April 2015.
   Google Scholar