A study of columns to reduce mineral and biological pollutants during recharge operation by treated municipal wastewater

References

• Metcalf and Eddy, G. Tchobanoglous, F.L. Burton, H.D. Stensel, Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, fourth ed., McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, NY, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Z. Ou, T. Sun, P. Li, A. Yediler, G. Yang, A. Kettrup, A production-scale ecological engineering forest system for the treatment and reutilization of municipal wastewater in the Inner Mongolia, China, Ecol. Eng. 9 (1997) 71–88.10.1016/S0925-8574(97)00034-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.G. Smith, E.D. Schroeder, Field studies of the overland flow process for the treatment of raw and primary treated municipal wastewater, Res. J. Water Pollut. C. 57 (1985) 785–794.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Bouwer, in: Asano, T (Ed.), Renovation of Wastewater with Rapid Infiltration Land Treatment System. Artificial Recharge of Groundwater, Butterworth 1985, Boston, MA, pp. 249–282.
   Google Scholar
• M. Bahgat, A. Dewedar, A. Zayed, Sand-filters used for wastewater treatment: buildup and distribution of microorganisms, Water Res. 33 (1999) 1949–1955.10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00290-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.D. Jenssen, R.L. Siegrist, Technology assessment of wastewater treatment by soil infiltration systems, Water Sci. Technol. 22(3/4) (1990) 83–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Schudel, M. Boller, Onsite wastewater treatment with intermittent buried filters, Water Sci. Technol. 22(3/4) (1990) 93–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Cha, J. Kim, H. Choi, Evaluation of steel slag for organic and inorganic removals in soil aquifer treatment, Water Res. 40(5) (2006) 1034–1042.10.1016/j.watres.2005.12.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Fox, S. Houston, P. Westerhoff, M. Nellor, W. Yanko, R. Baird, M. Rincon, J. Gully, S. Carr, R. Arnold, K. Lancey, D. Quanrud, W. Ela, G. Amy, M. Reinhard, J.E. Drewes, Advances in Soil Aquifer Treatment Research for Sustainable Water Reuse, AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• M.B. Pescod, Wastewater Treatment and Use in Agriculture - FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, vol. 47, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• A.N. Bdour, M.R. Hamdi, Z. Tarawneh, Perspectives on sustainable wastewater treatment technologies and reuse options in the urban areas of the Mediterranean region, Desalination 237(1–3) (2009) 162–174.10.1016/j.desal.2007.12.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Asano, J.A. Cotruvo, Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater: health and regulatory considerations, Water Res. 38(8) (2004) 1941–1951.10.1016/j.watres.2004.01.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Dillon, P. Pavelic, S. Toze, S. Rinck-Pfeiffer, R. Martin, A. Knapton, D. Pidsley, Role of aquifer storage in water reuse, Desalination 188(1–3) (2006) 123–134.10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.B. Gohil, Land Treatment of Wastewater, New Age International Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• R.C. Rice, Soil clogging during infiltration of secondary effluent, J. Water. Pollut. Control. Fed. 46 (1974) 708–716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.C. Lance, R.C. Rice, R.G. Gilbert, Renovation of wastewater by soil columns flooded with primary effluent, J. Water Pollut. Control. Fed. 52(2) (1980) 381–387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.K. Powelson, C.P. Gerba, Virus removal from sewage effluents during saturated and unsaturated flow through soil columns, Water Res. 28 (1994) 2175–2181.10.1016/0043-1354(94)90029-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.C. Rice, H. Bouwer, Soil-aquifer treatment using primary effluent, J. Water. Pollut. Control. Fed. 56 (1984) 84–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Kanarek, A. Arohi, M. Michail, Municipal wastewater reuse via soil aquifer treatment for nonpotable purposes, Water Sci. Technol. 27 (1993) 53–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Quanrud, J. Hafer, M. Karpiscak, J. Zhang, K. Lansey, R. Arnold, Fate of organics during soil-aquifer treatment: Sustainability of removals in the field, Water Res. 37(14) (2003) 3401–3411.10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00489-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.L. Vanderzalm, D.W. Page, K.E. Barry, P.J. Dillon, A comparison of the geochemical response to different managed aquifer recharge operations for injection of urban stormwater in a carbonate aquifer, Appl. Geochem. 25(9) (2010) 1350–1360.10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standard Anon, Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed., American Public Health Association (APHA), USA, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• W. Cha, H. Choi, J. Kim, I.S. Kim, Evaluation of wastewater effluents for soil aquifer treatment in South Korea, Water Sci. Technol. 50(2) (2004) 315–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Grünheid, G. Amy, M. Jekel, Removal of bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trace organic compounds by bank filtration and artificial recharge, Water Res. 39(14) (2005) 3219–3228.10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.M.K. Essandoh, C. Tizaoui, M.H.A Mohamed, M.H.A.G. Amy, D. Brdjanovic, Soil aquifer treatment of artificial wastewater under saturated conditions, Water Res. 45(11) (2011) 4211–4226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Q.L. Zhao, Q.L.N. Wang, S. Xue, Z.G. Liu, S.J. You, S.H. Wang, Migration and removal of organic matters in reclaimed wastewater during groundwater recharge, J. Appl. Ecol. 18(7) (2007) 1661–1664.
   Google Scholar
• G. Carlson, J. Silverstein, Effect of molecular size and charge on biofilm sorption of organic matter, Water Res. 32(5) (1998) 1580–1592.10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00354-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N.F. Gray, Biology of Wastewater Treatment, second ed., Imperial College Press, London. Groundwater: Field Evaluation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(24) (2004) 6846–6854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO, Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, FAO 47. 1999 115–119.
   Google Scholar
• J.E. Drewes, M. Jekel, Simulation of groundwater recharge with advanced treated wastewater, Water Sci. Technol. 33(10–11) (1996) 409–418.10.1016/0273-1223(96)00444-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Reemtsma, R. Gnirß, M. Jekel, Infiltration of combined sewer overflow and tertiary municipal wastewater: An integrated laboratory and field study on nutrients and dissolved organics, Water Res. 34(4) (2000) 1179–1186.10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00274-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Toze, J. Hanna, The survival potential of enteric pathogens in a reclaimed water ASR project, in: P. Dillion (Ed.) Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability, Balkema Publishers, Australia, 2002, pp. 139–142.
   Google Scholar
• C. Gordon, K. Wall, S. Toze, G. O’Hara, Influence of conditions on the survival of enteric viruses and indicator organisms in groundwater, in: Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability, Balkema Publishers, Australia, 2002, pp. 133–138.
   Google Scholar
• S. Toze, E. Bekele, D. Page, J. Sidhu, M. Shackleton, Use of static quantitative microbial risk assessment to determine pathogen risks in an unconfined carbonate aquifer used for managed aquifer recharge, Water Res. 44(4) (2010) 1038–1049.10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.M. Patterson, M.E. Grassi, B.S. Robertson, G.B. Davis, A.J. Smith, A.J. McKinley, Use of polymer mats in series for sequential reactive barrier remediation of ammonium-contaminated groundwater: Field evaluation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(24) (2004) 6846–6854.10.1021/es0497781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.M. Patterson, M. Shackleton, A.J. Furness, E. Bekele, J. Pearce, K.L. Linge, F. Busetti, T. Spadek, S. Toze, Behaviour andfate of nine recycled water trace organics during managed aquifer recharge in an aerobic aquifer, J. Contam. Hydrol. 122(1–4) (2011) 53–62.10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Suzuki, T. Katsuno, G. Yamaura, Land application of wastewater using three types of trenches set in lysimeters and its mass balance of nitrogen, Water Res. 26 (1992) 1433–1444.10.1016/0043-1354(92)90062-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.V. Wandruszka, Phosphorus retention in calcareous soils and the effect of organic matter on its mobility, Geochem. Trans., 7(6) (2006) 6–14, doi: 10.1186/1467.
   Google Scholar
• B.R. Whelan, N.J. Barrow, The movement of septic-tank effluent through sandy soils near Perth. II. Movement of phosphorus, Aust. J. Soil. Res., 22(3), (1984) 293–302.10.1071/SR9840293
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.R. Whelan, Disposal of septic tank effluent in calcareous sands, J. Environ. Qual. 17(2) (1988) 272–277.10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020019x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Bekele, S. Toze, B. Patterson, S. Higginson, Managed aquifer recharge of treated wastewater: Water quality changes resulting from infiltration through the vadose zone, Water Res. 45(17) (2011) 5764–5772.10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.J. Miller, K. How, H.W. Hilton, Liquid Phosphate Fertilizer Applied through Drip Irrigation Tubing: Movement in Soil and Plant Uptake, Hawaiian Sugar Planters Assoc. Agron. Rep, (1980) 37, 5766 pp.
   Google Scholar
• I. Jnab, B. Lesikar, A. Kenimer, G. Sabbagh, Subsurface drip irrigation of residential effluent: I. Soil chemical characteristics, Trans. ASAE. 44(5) (2001) 1149–1157.
   Google Scholar