1,488
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

The Origins of the Caucasus Campaign: ‘Bellum’ Ante Bellum, Casus Foederis and Casus Belli

ORCID Icon
Pages 141-165 | Received 23 May 2023, Accepted 02 Nov 2023, Published online: 18 Nov 2023

Bibliography

  • Airapetov, Oleg. Uchastie Rossiĭskoĭ Imperii v Pervoĭ mirovoĭ ioĭne (1914-1917). 1914. Nachalo [The Participation of the Russian Empire in World War I (1914-1917), 1914: The Beginning]. Moscow: Kuchkovo pole, 2014.
  • Aksakal, Mustafa. The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Allen, William Edward David, and Paul Muratoff. Caucasian Battlefields: A History of Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828-1921. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953.
  • Arutiunian, Ashot. Kavkazskiĭ Front, 1914-1917 [The Caucasus Front: 1914-1917]. Yerevan: Hayastan, 1971.
  • Ateş, Sabri. The Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843-1914. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Badem, Candan. Çarlık Yönetiminde Kars, Ardahan, Artvin 1878-1918 [Kars, Ardahan, and Artvin under Tsarist Rule, 1878-1918]. Istanbul: Aras Yayıncılık, 2018.
  • Bayur, Yusuf Hikmet. Türk İnkılabı Tarihi [A History of the Turkish Revolution]. Vol. 2 and 3. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 1940-1967.
  • Bobroff, Ronald. Roads to Glory: Late Imperial Russia and the Turkish Straits. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2006.
  • Cemal, Ahmed. Djemal Pasha: Memoirs of a Turkish Statesman, 1913-1919. London: Hutchinson; George H. Doran Company, 1922.
  • Cemil, Arif (Denker). I. Dünya Savaşı’nda Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa [The Special Organization in the First World War]. Istanbul: Arma Yayınları, [1934] 1997.
  • Emin (Yalman), Ahmet. “Turkey in the World War.” In Economic and Social History of the World War: Turkish Series, edited by James T. Shotwell, 1–310. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1930.
  • Gilensen, Victor. “Osinye gniozda” pod konsul’skoĭ krysheĭ. Turetskiĭ shpionazh v Zakavkaz’e i russkaia kontrrazvedka pered pervoĭ mirovoĭ voĭnoĭ [“‘Hornets’ Nests’ under Consular Roof: Turkish Espionage in Transcaucasia and Russian Counterintelligence before World War I.” Military Historical Journal 5 (1997): 49–59.
  • Jackh, Ernest. The Rising Crescent: Turkey, Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1944.
  • Johnson, Rob. The Great War and the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  • Karabekir, Kazım. Birinci Cihan Harbine Nasıl Girdik [How Did We Enter the World War I]. Istanbul: Emre Yayinlari, 1995.
  • Korsun, Nikolaĭ. Pervaia mirovaia voĭna na Kavkazskom fronte. Operativno-strategicheskiĭ ocherk [The First World War in the Caucasus Front: An Operational-Strategic Sketch]. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1946.
  • Kurat, Akdes Nimet. Türkiye ve Rusya. XVIII. Yüzyıl Sonundan Kurtuluş Savaşına Kadar Türk-Rus İlişkileri (1798-1919) [Turkey and Russia: Turkish-Russian Relations from the End of the Eighteenth Century to the War of Liberation]. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1970.
  • Liman von Sanders, Otto. Five Years in Turkey. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, 1927.
  • McMeekin, Sean. The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany’s Bid for World Power. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010.
  • McMeekin, Sean. The Russian Origins of the First World War. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.
  • Mühlmann, Carl. Deutschland und die Türkei 1913-1914: die Berufung der Deutschen Militärmission nach der Turkei, 1913, das deutsch-türkische Bündnis, 1914, und der Eintritt der Türkei in den Weltkreig. Berlin: Walther Rothschild, 1929.
  • Mühlmann, Carl. Das deutsch-türkische Waffenbündnis im Weltkriege. Leipzig: Koehler & Amelang, 1940.
  • Reynolds, Michael A. Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires, 1908-1918. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • Reynolds, Michael A. “The East’s Eastern Front: The Ottoman-Russian Clash in the Great War and Its Legacies.” War in History 28, no. 2 (2019): 1–26. doi:10.1177/0968344519827333.
  • Rooney, Chris B. “The International Significance of British Naval Missions to the Ottoman Empire, 1908-14.” Middle Eastern Studies 34, no. 1 (1998): 1–29. doi:10.1080/00263209808701207.
  • Sabis, Ali İhsan. Harb Hatıralarım [My War Memoirs]. Vol. 2. Istanbul: Nehir, [1951] 1992.
  • Shaw, Stanford J. The Ottoman Empire in World War I. Vol. 1. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari, 2006.
  • Somakian, Manoug J. Empires in Conflict: Armenia and the Great Powers, 1895-1920. London: I.B. Tauris, 1995.
  • Tetik, Ahmet. Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa (Umûr-ı Şarkıyye Dairesi) Tarihi [A History of Special Organization (Office for Eastern Affairs), Vol. 1: 1914-1916]. Istanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2014.
  • Trumpener, Ulrich. Germany and the Ottoman Empire, 1914-1918. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968.
  • Vratsian, Simon. Hayastani Hanrapetutiun [The Republic of Armenia]. Yerevan: Hayastan, 1993.
  • Zayonchkovskiĭ, Andreĭ. Podgotovka Rossii k mirovoĭ voĭne [Russia’s Preparations for the World War]. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe voennoe izdatel’stvo, 1926.

Archives

  • Arkhiv vneshneĭ politiki Rossiĭskoĭ Imperii [Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire] (AVPRI)
  •   f. 149 Turkish department
  •   f. 133 Chancellery of the Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  •   f. 151 Political Archive
  • Auswärtiges Amt [German Foreign Office] (AA)
  • Politisches Archiv [Political Archive] (PA)
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı [Turkey’s Presidential Directorate of State Archives] (BOA)
  • Osmanlı Arşivleri, Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi [Ottoman Archives, Foreign Office’s PoliticalBureau] (HR.SYS)
  • German Foreign Ministry Archives, 1867-1920, University of California, Berkeley
  • Microfilm Collection, series I (UoC (I))
  • Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv [Austro-Hungarian Foreign Ministry Archives], Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, k.u.k. Ministerium des Äußern (HHSA)
  • Rossiĭskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ voenno-istoricheskiĭ arkhiv [Russian State Military-Historical Archive] (RGVIA)

Collections

  • Bryce, James, and Arnold Joseph Toynbee. The Treatment of Armenians In the Ottoman Empire 1915-1916: Documents Presented to Viscount Grey of Fallodon, with a Preface by Viscount Bryce. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916. (Treatment of Armenians).
  • Correspondence Respecting Events Leading to the Rupture of Relations with Turkey. London: Harrison & Sons for H.M. Stationery Office, 1914. (Correspondence).
  • Gooch, G. P. and Harold Temperley, eds. British Documents On the Origins of the War, 1898-1914. London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1926. (British Documents).
  • Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia v Epokhu Imperializma. Dokumenty iz Arkhivov Tsarskogo i Vremennogo Pravitel’stv 1878-1917 gg. [International Relations in the Era of Imperialism: Documents from the Archives of Tsarist and Provisional Governments from 1878 to 1917]. (MOEI).
  • Series 3: 1914-1917
  • Pokrovskiĭ, Mikhail, ed. Tsarskaia Rossiia v mirovoĭ voĭne [Tsarist Russia in the World War], vol. 1. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo, 1925. (Tsarskaia Rossiia).