Land use and land cover play weak roles in typhoon economic losses at the county level

References

• Chavas D, Chen J. 2020. Tropical cyclones could last longer after landfall in a warming world. Nature. 587(7833):200–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diffenbaugh NS, Singh D, Mankin JS, Horton DE, Swain DL, Touma D, Charland A, Liu Y, Haugen M, Tsiang M, et al. 2017. Quantifying the influence of global warming on unprecedented extreme climate events. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 114(19):4881–4886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiger T, Frieler K, Levermann A. 2016. High-income does not protect against hurricane losses. Environ Res Lett. 11(8):084012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgiou PN. 1985. Design wind speeds in tropical cyclone-prone regions [dissertation]. London: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Bolvin DT, Nelkin EJ. 2010. The TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA). In: Gebremichael M, Hossain F, editors. Satellite rainfall applications for surface hydrology. Dordrecht: Springer; p. 3–22.
   Google Scholar
• Klotzbach PJ, Bowen SG, Pielke R, Jr., Bell M. 2018. Continental US hurricane landfall frequency and associated damage: Observations and future risks. Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 99(7):1359–1376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Chakraborty P. 2020. Slower decay of landfalling hurricanes in a warming world. Nature. 587(7833):230–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li XY, Fang WH, Lin W. 2014. Comparison of interpolation methods for tropical cyclone tracks and their intensity over the northwestern pacific basin. J Beijing Normal Univ (Nat Sci). 50(2):111–116. (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Lin W, Fang WH. 2013. Regional characteristics of Holland B parameter in typhoon wind field model for Northwest Pacific. Tropic Geography. 33(2):124–132. (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Lin W. 2014. Typhoon wind hazard analysis of Hainan Island [MS dissertation]. Beijing: Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, China. (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Liu M, Vecchi GA, Smith JA, Knutson TR. 2019. Causes of large projected increases in hurricane precipitation rates with global warming. Npj Clim Atmos Sci. 2(1):1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Logan TM, Guikema SD, Bricker JD. 2018. Hard-adaptive measures can increase vulnerability to storm surge and tsunami hazards over time. Nat Sustain. 1(9):526–530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei W, Xie SP. 2016. Intensification of landfalling typhoons over the northwest Pacific since the late 1970s. Nature Geosci. 9(10):753–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng Y, Matsui M, Hibi K. 1997. A numerical study of the wind field in a typhoon boundary layer. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 67:437–448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murnane RJ, Elsner JB. 2012. Maximum wind speeds and US hurricane losses. Geophys Res Lett. 39(16):L16707.
   Google Scholar
• Park DSR, Ho CH, Kim JH. 2014. Growing threat of intense tropical cyclones to East Asia over the period 1977–2010. Environ Res Lett. 9(1):014008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt S, Kemfert C, Höppe P. 2009. Tropical cyclone losses in the USA and the impact of climate change - a trend analysis based on data from a new approach to adjusting storm losses. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 29(6):359–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi P. 1991. Theory and practice of disaster research. J Nanjing Univ (Nat Sci). 11:37–42. (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Tan C, Fang W. 2018. Mapping the wind hazard of global tropical cyclones with parametric wind field models by considering the effects of local factors. Int J Disaster Risk Sci. 9(1):86–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuboki K, Yoshioka MK, Shinoda T, Kato M, Kanada S, Kitoh A. 2015. Future increase of supertyphoon intensity associated with climate change. Geophys Res Lett. 42(2):646–652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickery PJ, Wadhera D. 2008. Statistical models of Holland pressure profile parameter and radius to maximum winds of hurricanes from flight-level pressure and H* Wind data. J Appl Meteorol Climatol. 47(10):2497–2517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Xu M, Onyejuruwa A, Wang Y, Wen S, Gao AE, Li Y. 2019. Tropical cyclone damages in Mainland China over 2005–2016: losses analysis and implications. Environ Dev Sustain. 21(6):3077–3092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster PJ, Holland GJ, Curry JA, Chang HR. 2005. Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment. Science. 309(5742):1844–1846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen S, Su B, Wang Y, Fischer T, Li X, Yin Y, Chao G, Wang R, Jiang T. 2018. Economic sector loss from influential tropical cyclones and relationship to associated rainfall and wind speed in China. Global Planet Change. 169:224–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen S, Wang Y, Su B, Gao C, Chen X, Jiang T, Tao H, Fischer T, Wang G, Zhai J. 2019. Estimation of economic losses from tropical cyclones in China at 1.5° C and 2.0° C warming using the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM. Int J Climatol. 39(2):724–737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye M, Wu J, Liu W, He X, Wang C. 2020. Dependence of tropical cyclone damage on maximum wind speed and socioeconomic factors. Environ Res Lett. 15(9):094061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying M, Zhang W, Yu H, Lu X, Feng J, Fan Y, Zhu Y, Chen D. 2014. An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 31(2):287–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhai AR, Jiang JH. 2014. Dependence of US hurricane economic loss on maximum wind speed and storm size. Environ Res Lett. 9(6):064019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar