A review of methods to assess connectivity and dispersal between fish populations in the Mediterranean Sea

References

• P.S. Giller, H. Hillebrand, U.-G. Berninger, M.O. Gessner, S. Hawkins, P. Inchausti, C. Inglis, H. Leslie, M.T. Monaghan, P.J. Morin, and G. O’Mullan, Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning: Emerging issues and their experimental test in aquatic environments, Oikos 3 (2004), pp. 423–436.
   Google Scholar
• R.K. Cowen and S. Sponaugle, Larval dispersal and marine population connectivity, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 1 (2009), pp. 443–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.P. Jones, M. Srinivasan, and G.R. Almany, Population connectivity and conservation of marine biodiversity, Oceanography 20 (2007), pp. 100–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.P. Jones, G.R. Almany, G.R. Russ, P.F. Sale, R.S. Steneck, M.J.H. Oppen, and B.L. Willis, Larval retention and connectivity among populations of corals and reef fishes: History, advances and challenges, Coral Reefs 28 (2009), pp. 307–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.W. Botsford, J.W. White, M.A. Coffroth, C.B. Paris, S. Planes, T.L. Shearer, S.R. Thorrold, and G.P. Jones, Connectivity and resilience of coral reef metapopulations in marine protected areas: Matching empirical efforts to predictive needs, Coral Reefs 28 (2009), pp. 327–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.W. Botsford, D.R. Brumbaugh, C. Grimes, J.B. Kellner, J. Largier, S. Ralston, E. Soulanille, and V. Wespestad, Connectivity, sustainability, and yield: Bridging the gap between conventional fisheries management and marine protected areas, Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 19 (2009), pp. 69–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Sheaves, Consequences of ecological connectivity: The coastal ecosystem mosaic, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 391 (2009), pp. 107–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.R. Almany, S.R. Connolly, D.D. Heath, J.D. Hogan, G.P. Jones, L.J. McCook, M. Mills, R.L. Pressey, and D.H. Williamson, Connectivity, biodiversity conservation and the design of marine reserve networks for coral reefs, Coral Reefs 28 (2009), pp. 339–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.J. Fogarty and L.W. Botsford, Population connectivity and spatial management of marine fisheries, Oceanography 20 (2007), pp. 112–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.K. Cowen, L.M.M. Kamazina, S. Sponaugle, C.B. Paris, and D.B. Olson, Connectivity of marine populations: Open or closed?, Science 287 (2000), pp. 857–859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.K. Cowen, C.B. Paris, and A. Srinivasan, Scaling of connectivity in marine populations, Science 311 (2006), pp. 522–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.R. Palumbi, Marine reserves and ocean neighborhoods: The spatial scale of marine populations and their management, Ann. Rev. Environ. Resour. 29 (2004), pp. 31–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.M. Leis, L. van Herwerden, and H.M. Patterson, Estimating connectivity in marine fish populations: What works best?, in Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, R.N. Gibson, R.J.A. Atkinson, J.D.M. Gordon, eds., CRC Press, Hoboken, 2011, pp. 193–234.
   Google Scholar
• J.M. Leis, J.E. Caselle, I.R. Bradbury, T. Kristiansen, J.K. Llopiz, J. Michael, M.I. O’Connor, C.B. Paris, A.L. Shanks, S.M. Sogard, S.E. Swearer, E.A. Treml, R.D. Vetter, and R.R. Warner, Does fish larval dispersal differ between high and low latitudes?, P. Roy. Soc. B. 280 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• C. Schunter, J. Carreras-Carbonell, E. Macpherson, J. Tintoré, E. Vidal-Vijande, A Pascual, P. Guidetti, and M. Pascual, Matching genetics with oceanography: Directional gene flow in a Mediterranean fish species, Mol. Ecol. 20 (2011), pp. 5167–5181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Coll, C. Piroddi, J. Steenbeek, K. Kaschner, F. Ben Rais Lasram, J. Aguzzi, E. Ballesteros, C.N. Bianchi, J. Corbera, T. Dailianis, R. Danovaro, M. Estrada, C. Froglia, B.S. Galil, J.M. Gasol, R. Gertwagen, J. Gil, F. Guilhaumon, K. Kesner-Reyes, M.-S. Kitsos, A. Koukouras, N. Lampadariou, E. Laxamana, C.M. López-Fé de la Cuadra, H.K. Lotze, D. Martin, D. Mouillot, D. Oro, S. Raicevich, J. Rius-Barile, J.I. Saiz-Salinas, C. San Vicente, S. Somot, J. Templado, X. Turon, D. Vafidis, R. Villanueva, and E. Voultsiadou, The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, patterns, and threats, PloS ONE 5 (2010), p. e11842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Coll, C. Piroddi, C. Albouy, F. Ben Rais Lasram, W.W.L. Cheung, V. Christensen, V.S. Karpouzi, F. Guilhaumon, D. Mouillot, M. Paleczny, M.L. Palomares, J. Steenbeek, P. Trujillo, R. Watson, and D. Pauly, The Mediterranean Sea under siege: Spatial overlap between marine biodiversity, cumulative threats and marine reserves, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 21 (2012), pp. 465–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Sala, E. Ballesteros, P. Dendrinos, A. Di Franco, F. Ferretti, D. Foley, S. Fraschetti, A. Friedlander, J. Garrabou, H. Güçlüsoy, P. Guidetti, B.S. Halpern, B. Hereu, A.A. Karamanlidis, Z. Kizilkaya, E. Macpherson, L. Mangialajo, S. Mariani, F. Micheli, A. Pais, K. Riser, A.A. Rosenberg, M. Sales, K.A. Selkoe, R. Starr, F. Tomas, and M. Zabala, The structure of Mediterranean rocky reef ecosystems across environmental and human gradients, and conservation implications, PloS ONE 7 (2012), p. e32742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNEP-MAP, State of the Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment, (2012).
   Google Scholar
• B.E. Narayanaswamy, M. Coll, R. Danovaro, K. Davidson, H. Ojaveer, and P.E. Renaud, Synthesis of knowledge on marine biodiversity in European seas: From census to sustainable management, PLoS ONE 8 (2013), p. e58909.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.B. Fenberg, J.E. Caselle, J. Claudet, M. Clemence, S.D. Gaines, J.A. García-Charton, E.J. Gonçalves, K. Grorud-Colvert, P. Guidetti, S.R. Jenkins, P.J.S. Jones, S.E. Lester, R. McAllen, E. Moland, S. Planes, and T.K. Sørensen, The science of European marine reserves: Status, efficacy, and future needs, Mar. Policy 36 (2012), pp. 1012–1021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Sabatés, M.P. Olivar, I. Palomera, and F. Alemany, Physical and biological processes controlling the distribution of fish larvae in the NW Mediterranean, Global Int. News (2007), pp. 34–36.
   Google Scholar
• A. López-Sanz, N. Vert, M. Zabala, and A. Sabatés, Small-scale distribution of fish larvae around the Medes Islands marine protected area (NW Mediterranean), J. Plankton Res. 31 (2009), pp. 763–775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.A. Pelc, R.R. Warner, S.D. Gaines, and C.B. Paris, Detecting larval export from marine reserves, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (2010), pp. 18266–18271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Vidal-Peñas, F. López-Castejón, and J. Mas-Hernández, Influencia de la topografía submarina sobre la distribución horizontal de las comunidades de ictioplancton en el entorno de la reserva marina de Cabo de Palos - Islas Hormigas (Sudeste ibérico), Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 17 (2001), pp. 129–135.
   Google Scholar
• C. Bordehore, J.T. Bayle-Sempere, and A.A. Ramos-Esplá, Composición y variabilidad del ictioplancton costero en la reserva marina de Tabarca, Sudeste ibérico, Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 17 (2001), pp. 61–71.
   Google Scholar
• A. Sabatés, M. Zabala, and A. García-Rubies, Larval fish communities in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (North-west Mediterranean), J. Plankton Res. 25 (2003), pp. 1035–1046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Crec’hriou, F. Alemany, E. Roussel, A. Chassanite, J.Y. Marinaro, J. Mader, E. Rochel, and S. Planes, Fisheries replenishment of early life taxa: Potential export of fish eggs and larvae from a temperate marine protected area, Fish. Oceanogr. 19 (2010), pp. 135–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• À. López-Sanz, V. Stelzenmüller, F. Maynou, and A. Sabatés, The influence of environmental characteristics on fish larvae spatial patterns related to a marine protected area: The Medes islands (NW Mediterranean), Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 92 (2011), pp. 521–533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Lawson, Export and spatial-temporal variation in the community structure of ichthyoplankton surrounding Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean, Ph.D. diss., University College Dublin, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• R. Crec’hriou, P. Bonhomme, G. Criquet, G. Cadiou, P. Lenfant, G. Bernard, E. Roussel, L. Le Diréach, and S. Planes, Spatial patterns and GIS habitat modelling of fish in two French Mediterranean coastal areas, Hydrobiologia 612 (2008), pp. 135–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Leis and M. McCormick, The Biology, behavior, and ecology of the pelagic, larval stage of coral reef fishes, in Coral Reef Fishes – Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem, P.F. Sale, ed., Academic Press, London, 2002, pp 171–199.
   Google Scholar
• M.J. Milicich and P.J. Doherty, Larval supply of coral reef fish populations: Magnitude and synchrony of replenishment to Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 110 (1994), pp. 121–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Sponaugle and R. Cowen, Nearshore patterns of coral reef fish larval supply to Barbados, West Indies, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 133 (1996), pp. 13–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Deuderó, Unexpected large numbers of Mullus surmuletus juveniles in open waters of the Mediterranean sampled with light attraction devices, J. Fish Biol. 61 (2002), pp. 1639–1642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.C. Félix-Hackradt, Ecology of Mediterranean reef fish early life history stages, population connectivity and implications for marine protected areas design, Ph.D. diss., Universidad de Murcia, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• F.C. Félix-Hackradt, C.W. Hackradt, J. Treviño-Otón, A. Pérez-Ruzafa, J.A. García-Charton, Temporal patterns of settlement, recruitment and post-settlement losses in a rocky reef fish assemblage in the South-Western Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Biol. 169 (2013), pp. 2337–2352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Sabatés, Changes in the heterogeneity of mesoscale distribution patterns of larval fish associated with a shallow coastal haline front, Estuar. Coast. Shelf. S. 30 (1990), pp. 131–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Soto-Mendoza, C. Parada, L. Castro, F. Colas, and W. Schneider, Modeling transport and survival of anchoveta eggs and yolk-sac larvae in the coastal zone off central-southern Chile: Assessing spatial and temporal spawning parameters, Prog. Oceanogr. 92–95 (2012), pp. 178–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Lett, S.D. Ayata, M. Huret, and J.-O. Irisson, Biophysical modelling to investigate the effects of climate change on marine population dispersal and connectivity, Prog. Oceanogr. 87 (2010), pp. 106–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F.E. Werner, R.K. Cowen, and C.B. Paris, Coupled biological and physical models present capabilities and necessary developments for future studies of population connectivity, Oceanography 20 (2007), pp. 54–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I.A. Catalán, I. Álvarez, J. Solé, D. Macias, J. Ruiz, J. Tintoré, and B. Morales-Nin, Vertical distribution of anchovy early stages in the Alboran Sea: Validating tools for IBM ecology in a regional context, Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit. 39 (2010), pp. 471.
   Google Scholar
• G. Basterretxea, A. Jordi, I.A. Catalán, and A. Sabatés, Model-based assessment of local-scale fish larval connectivity in a network of marine protected areas, Fish. Oceanogr. 21 (2012), pp. 291–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Di Franco, G. Coppini, J.M. Pujolar, G.A. De Leo, M. Gatto, V. Lyubartsev, P. Melià, L. Zane, and P. Guidetti, Assessing dispersal patterns of fish propagules from an effective Mediterranean marine protected area, PLoS ONE 7 (2012), p. e52108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.B. Paris, L.M. Cherubin, and R.K. Cowen, Surfing, spinning, or diving from reef to reef: Effects on population connectivity, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 347 (2007), pp. 285–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.A. Siegel, S. Mitarai, C.J. Costello, S.D. Gaines, B.E. Kendall, R.R. Warner, and K. B. Winters, The stochastic nature of larval connectivity among nearshore marine populations, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (2008), pp. 8974–8979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Nicolle, P. Garreau, and B. Liorzou, Modelling for anchovy recruitment studies in the Gulf of Lions (Western Mediterranean Sea), Ocean Dynam. 59 (2009), pp. 953–968.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and the Pan-Med Group, Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: A review of unresolved issues and directions of future research. Report of the Workshop “Variability of the Eastern and Western Mediterranean circulation and thermohaline properties: similarities and differences” Rome, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• S.D. Gaines, C. White, M.H. Carr, and S.R. Palumbi, Designing marine reserve networks for both conservation and fisheries management, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (2010), pp. 18286–18293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Berry, P. England, D. Fairclough, G. Jackson, and J. Greenwood, Microsatellite DNA analysis and hydrodynamic modelling reveal the extent of larval transport and gene flow between management zones in an exploited marine fish (Glaucosoma hebraicum), Fish. Oceanogr. 21 (2012), pp. 243–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Soria, A. Munguía-Vega, S.G. Marinone, M. Moreno-Báez, I. Martínez-Tovar, and R. Cudney-Bueno, Linking bio-oceanography and population genetics to assess larval connectivity, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 463 (2012), pp. 159–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Frankham, J.D. Ballou, M.D.B. Eldridge, R.C. Lacy, K. Ralls, M.R. Dudash, and C.B. Fenster, Predicting the probability of outbreeding depression, Conserv. Biol. 25 (2011), pp. 465–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Palumbi, Population genetics, demographic connectivity, and the design of marine reserves, Ecol. App. 13 (2003), pp. S146–S158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Puebla, E. Bermingham, and F. Guichard, Estimating dispersal from genetic isolation by distance in a coral reef fish (Hypoplectrus puella), Ecology 90 (2009), pp. 3087–3098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Bader, Measuring genetic variability in natural populations by allozyme electrophoresis, in Tested Studies for Laboratory Teaching, S.J. Karcher, ed., Association for Biology Laboratory Education, 1998, pp. 25–42.
   Google Scholar
• P. Hedrick, Highly variable loci and their interpretation in evolution and conservation, Evolution 53 (1999), pp. 313–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Pujolar, Allozyme differentiation of bonito in the Mediterranean Sea, J. Fish Biol. 59 (2001), pp. 169–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Lenfant and S. Planes, Genetic differentiation of white sea bream within the Lion's Gulf and the Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), J. Fish Biol. (1996), pp. 613–621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Planes and P. Lenfant, Temporal change in the genetic structure between and within cohorts of a marine fish, Mol. Ecol. 11 (2002), pp. 1515–1524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. González-Wangüemert, Á. Pérez-Ruzafa, F. Cánovas, J.A. García-Charton, and C. Marcos, Temporal genetic variation in populations of Diplodus sargus from the SW Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 334 (2007), pp. 237–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Lenfant, Demographic and genetic structures of white sea bream populations (Diplodus sargus, Linnaeus, 1758) inside and outside a Mediterranean marine reserve, Comptes Rendus Biologies, 326 (2003), pp. 751–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Á. Pérez-Ruzafa, M. González-Wangüemert, P. Lenfant, C. Marcos, and J.A. García-Charton, Effects of fishing protection on the genetic structure of fish populations, Biol. Conserv. 129 (2006), pp. 244–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Allegrucci, C. Fortunato, and V. Sbordoni, Genetic structure and allozyme variation of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax and D. punctatus) in the Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Biol. 128 (1997), pp. 347–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.D. Kocher, W.K. Thomas, A. Meyer, S.V. Edwards, S. Pääbo, F.X. Villablanca, and A.C. Wilson, Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: Amplification and sequencing with conserved primers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (1989), pp. 6196–6200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Féral, How useful are the genetic markers in attempts to understand and manage marine biodiversity?, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 268 (2002), pp. 121–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.M. Griffiths, D.W. Sims, A. Johnson, A. Lynghammar, M. McHugh, T. Bakken, and M.J. Genner, Levels of connectivity between longnose skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) in the Mediterranean Sea and the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean, Conserv. Genet. 12 (2010), pp. 577–582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Zardoya, R. Castilho, C. Grande, L. Favre-Krey, S. Caetano, S. Marcato, G. Krey, and T. Patarnello, Differential population structuring of two closely related fish species, the mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), in the Mediterranean Sea, Mol. Ecol. 13 (2004), pp. 1785–1798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. González-Wangüemert, E. Froufe, A. Pérez-Ruzafa, and P. Alexandrino, Phylogeographical history of the white seabream Diplodus sargus (Sparidae): Implications for insularity, Mar. Biol. Res. 7 (2011), pp. 250–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Mejri, M. Arculeo, O.K. Ben Hassine, and S. Lo Brutto, Genetic architecture of the marbled goby Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Perciformes, Gobiidae) in the Mediterranean Sea., Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 58 (2011), pp. 395–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.F. Pardiñas, D. Campo, I.G. Pola, L. Miralles, F. Juanes, and E. Garcia-Vazquez, Climate change and oceanic barriers: Genetic differentiation in Pomatomus saltatrix (Pisces: Pomatomidae) in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea., J. Fish Biol. 77 (2010), pp. 1993–1998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.A. Selkoe and R.J. Toonen, Microsatellites for ecologists: A practical guide to using and evaluating microsatellite markers, Ecol. Lett. 9 (2006), pp. 615–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.A. Galarza, J. Carreras-Carbonell, E. Macpherson, M. Pascual, S. Roques, G.F. Turner, and C. Rico, The influence of oceanographic fronts and early-life-history traits on connectivity among littoral fish species, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (2009), pp. 1473–1478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Maggio, S.L. Brutto, F. Garoia, F. Tinti, and M. Arculeo, Microsatellite analysis of red mullet Mullus barbatus (Perciformes, Mullidae) reveals the isolation of the Adriatic Basin in the Mediterranean Sea, ICES J. Mar. Sci. 66 (2009), pp. 1883–1891.
   Google Scholar
• C. Schunter, J. Carreras-Carbonell, S. Planes, E. Sala, E. Ballesteros, M. Zabala, J.-G. Harmelin, M. Harmelin-Vivien, E. Macpherson, and M. Pascual, Genetic connectivity patterns in an endangered species: The dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus), J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 401 (2011), pp. 126–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Riccioni, M. Landi, G. Ferrara, I. Milano, A. Cariani, L. Zane, M. Sella, G. Barbujani, and F. Tinti, Spatio-temporal population structuring and genetic diversity retention in depleted Atlantic bluefin tuna of the Mediterranean Sea, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (2010), pp. 2102–2107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.R. Narum, M. Banks, T.D. Beacham, M.R. Bellinger, M.R. Campbell, J. Dekoning, A. Elz, C.M. Guthrie III, C. Kozfkay, K.M. Miller, P. Moran, R. Phillips, L.W. Seeb, C.T. Smith, K. Warheit, S.F. Young, and J.C. Garza, Differentiating salmon populations at broad and fine geographical scales with microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms, Mol. Ecol. 17 (2008), pp. 3464–3477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.R. Miller, P. Joyce, and L.P. Waits, Assessing allelic dropout and genotype reliability using maximum likelihood, Genetics 160 (2002), pp. 357–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.I. Hoffman and W. Amos, Microsatellite genotyping errors: Detection approaches, common sources and consequences for paternal exclusion, Mol. Ecol. 14 (2005), pp. 599–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.C. Anderson and J.C. Garza, The power of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for large-scale parentage inference, Gen. Soc. Am. 172 (2006), pp. 2567–2582.
   Google Scholar
• I. Zarraonaindia, M. Iriondo, A. Albaina, M.A. Pardo, C. Manzano, W.S. Grant, X. Irigoien, and A. Estonba, Multiple SNP markers reveal fine-scale population and deep phylogeographic structure in European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.), PloS ONE 7 (2012), e42201. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Hedgecock, P. Barber, and S. Edmands, Genetic approaches to measuring connectivity, Oceanography 20 (2007), pp. 70–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Mamuris, C. Stamatis, K.A. Moutou, A.P. Apostolidis, and C. Triantaphyllidis, RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA to evaluate genetic variation in striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus L.) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus L.) populations, Mar. Biotechnol. 3 (2001), pp. 264–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Maggio, F. Andaloro, and M. Arculeo, Genetic population structure of Epinephelus marginatus (Pisces, Serranidae) revealed by two molecular markers, Ital. J. Zool. 73 (2006), pp. 275–283.
   Google Scholar
• M. Kaouèche, L. Bahri-Sfar, M. González-Wangüemert, Á. Pérez-Ruzafa, and O. Ben Hassine, Allozyme and mtDNA variation of white seabream Diplodus sargus populations in a transition area between western and eastern Mediterranean basins (Siculo-Tunisian Strait), Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 33 (2011), pp. 79–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. González-Wangüemert and Á. Pérez-Ruzafa, In two waters: Contemporary evolution of lagoonal and marine white seabream (Diplodus sargus) populations, Mar. Ecol. 33 (2012), pp. 337–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.P. Jones, S. Planes, and S.R. Thorrold, Coral reef fish larvae settle close to home, Curr. Biol. 15 (2005), pp. 1314–1318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Planes, G.P. Jones, and S.R. Thorrold, Larval dispersal connects fish populations in a network of marine protected areas, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (2009), pp. 5693–5697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Castro, A. Pino, M. Hermida, C. Bouza, A. Riaza, I. Ferreiro, L. Sánchez, and P. Martínez, A microsatellite marker tool for parentage analysis in Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis): Genotyping errors, null alleles and conformance to theoretical assumptions, Aquaculture 261 (2006), pp. 1194–1203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Castro, A. Pino, M. Hermida, C. Bouza, D. Chavarrías, P. Merino, L. Sánchez, and P. Martínez, A microsatellite marker tool for parentage assessment in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), Aquaculture 272 (2007), pp. S210–S216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.A. Selkoe, C.M. Henzler, and S.D. Gaines, Seascape genetics and the spatial ecology of marine populations, Fish Fish. 9 (2008), pp. 363–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.A. Selkoe, J.R. Watson, C. White, T. Ben Horin, M. Iacchei, S. Mitarai, D.A. Siegel, S.D. Gaines, and R.J. Toonen, Taking the chaos out of genetic patchiness: Seascape genetics reveals ecological and oceanographic drivers of genetic patterns in three temperate reef species, Mol. Ecol. 19 (2010), pp. 3708–3726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.E. Campana, Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths: Pathways, mechanisms and applications, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 188 (1999), pp. 263–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.S. Green, B. Mapstone, G. Carlos, and G. Begg, Tropical fish otoliths: Information for assessment, management and ecology, Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• D.K. Stevenson and S.E. Campana, Otolith microstructure examination and analysis, Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 117 (1992), p. 126.
   Google Scholar
• J.R. Watson, S. Mitarai, D. Siegel, J.E. Caselle, C. Dong, and J.C. McWilliams, Realized and potential larval connectivity in the Southern California Bight, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 401 (2010), pp. 31–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Gillanders, K. Able, J. Brown, D. Eggleston, and P. Sheridan, Evidence of connectivity between juvenile and adult habitats for mobile marine fauna: An important component of nurseries, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 247 (2003), pp. 281–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.E. Campana, Otolith elemental composition as a natural marker of fish stocks, in Stock Identification Methods: Application in Fishery Science, S.X. Cadrin, K.D. Friedland, J.R. Waldman, eds., Elsevier, Burlington, San Diego, London, 2005, pp. 227–245.
   Google Scholar
• B.M. Gillanders, P. Sanchez-Jerez, J.T. Bayle-Sempere, and A.A. Ramos-Esplá, Trace elements in otoliths of the two-banded bream from a coastal region in the south-west Mediterranean: Are there differences among locations?, J. Fish Biol. 59 (2001), pp. 350–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.S. Elsdon, B.K. Wells, S.E. Campana, B.M. Gillanders, C.C. Jones, K.E. Limburg, D.H. Secor, S.R. Thorrold, and B.D. Walther, Otolith chemistry to describe movements and life-history parameters of fishes: Hypotheses, assumptions, limitations and inferences, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 46 (2008), pp. 297–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.T. Correia, F. Barros, and A.N. Sial, Stock discrimination of European conger eel (Conger conger L.) using otolith stable isotope ratios, Fish. Res. 108 (2011), pp. 88–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Dierking, F. Morat, Y. Letourneur, and M. Harmelin-Vivien, Fingerprints of lagoonal life: Migration of the marine flatfish Solea solea assessed by stable isotopes and otolith microchemistry, Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 104–105 (2012), pp. 23–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Morat, R. Lecomte-finiger, D. Blamart, M. Robert, and Y. Letourneur, Preliminary indication of ontogenetic and spatial variations in the whole otolith isotopic and elemental signatures of Solea solea in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean), Sci. Mar. 76 (2012), pp. 647–657.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.B. Carlisle, S.L. Kim, B.X. Semmens, D.J. Madigan, S.J. Jorgensen, C.R. Perle, S.D. Anderson, T.K. Chapple, P.E. Kanive, and B.A. Block, Using stable isotope analysis to understand the migration and trophic ecology of northeastern Pacific white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias), PloS ONE 7 (2012), p. e30492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Ménard, A. Lorrain, M. Potier, and F. Marsac, Isotopic evidence of distinct feeding ecologies and movement patterns in two migratory predators (yellowfin tuna and swordfish) of the western Indian Ocean, Mar. Biol. 153 (2007), pp. 141–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Mercier, D. Mouillot, O. Bruguier, L. Vigliola, and A. Darnaude, Multi-element otolith fingerprints unravel sea−lagoon lifetime migrations of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 444 (2012), pp. 175–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Morales-Nin, A.J. Geffen, S. Pérez-Mayol, M. Palmer, R. González-Quirós, and A. Grau, Seasonal and ontogenic migrations of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) determined by otolith geochemical signatures, Fish. Res. 127–128 (2012), pp. 154–165.
   Google Scholar
• A. Di Franco, B.M. Gillanders, G. De Benedetto, A. Pennetta, G.A. De Leo, and P. Guidetti, Dispersal patterns of coastal fish: Implications for designing networks of marine protected areas, PloS ONE 7 (2012), e31681. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031681.
   Google Scholar
• G.P. Jones, M.J. Milicich, M.J. Emslie, and C. Lunow, Self-recruitment in a coral reef fish population, Lett. Nature 402 (1999), pp. 802–804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.R. Thorrold, G.P. Jones, S. Planes, and J.A. Hare, Transgenerational marking of embryonic otoliths in marine fishes using barium stable isotopes, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 63 (2006), pp. 1193–1197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Planes, D. Lecchini, P. Romans, and S. Mills, Effects of post-settlement mortality on size and parasite load in juvenile Diplodus vulgaris and D. sargus in the Mediterranean, Aquat. Biol. 6 (2009), pp. 153–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Lombarte and J. Lleonart, Otolith size changes related with body growth, habitat depth and temperature, Environ. Biol. Fish. 37 (1993), pp. 297–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.E. Campana and J.M. Casselman, Stock discrimination using otolith shape analysis, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50 (1993), pp. 1062–1083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Agüera and D. Brophy, Use of saggital otolith shape analysis to discriminate Northeast Atlantic and Western Mediterranean stocks of Atlantic saury, Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum), Fish. Res. 110 (2011), pp. 465–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Stransky, A. Murta, J. Schlickeisen, and C. Zimmermann, Otolith shape analysis as a tool for stock separation of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean, Fish. Res. 89 (2008), pp. 159–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Torres, A. Lombarte, and B. Morales-Nin, Sagittal otolith size and shape variability to identify geographical intraspecific differences in three species of the genus Merluccius, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 80 (2000), pp. 333–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.B. Kristoffersen and A. Magoulas, Population structure of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L. in the Mediterranean Sea inferred from multiple methods, Fish. Res. 91 (2008), pp. 187–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Mérigot, Y. Letourneur, and R. Lecomte-Finiger, Characterization of local populations of the common sole Solea solea (Pisces, Soleidae) in the NW Mediterranean through otolith morphometrics and shape analysis, Mar. Biol. 151 (2006), pp. 997–1008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Morat, Y. Letourneur, D. Nérini, D. Banaru, and Ioannis E. Batjakasa, Discrimination of red mullet populations (Teleostean, Mullidae) along multi-spatial and ontogenetic scales within the Mediterranean basin on the basis of otolith shape analysis, Aquat. Living Resour. 25 (2012), pp. 27–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Turan, The use of otolith shape and chemistry to determine stock structure of Mediterranean horse mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner), J. Fish Biol. 69 (2006), pp. 165–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.A. Begg and R.W. Brown, Stock identification of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus on Georges Bank based on otolith shape analysis, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 129 (2000), pp. 935–945.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.D.H. Durieuxa, M.L. Bégouta, P. Pineta, and P. Sasalb, Digenean metacercariae parasites as natural tags of habitat use by 0- group common sole Solea solea in nearshore coastal areas: A case study in the embayed system of the Pertuis Charentais (Bay of Biscay, France), J. Sea Res. 64 (2010), pp. 107–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.J.G. Lester and K. MacKenzie, The use and abuse of parasites as stock markers for fish, Fish. Res. 97 (2009), pp. 1–2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. MacKenzie, Parasites as biological tags in population studies of marine organisms: An update, Parasitology 124 Suppl. (2002), pp. S153–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Abaunza, A.G. Murta, N. Campbell, R. Cimmaruta, A.S. Comesaña, G. Dahle, M.T. García Santamaría, L.S. Gordo, S. Iversen, K. MacKenzie, A. Magoulas, S. Mattiucci, J. Molloy, G. Nascetti, A.L. Pinto, R. Quinta, P. Ramos, A. Sanjuan, A.T. Santos, C. Stransky, and C. Zimmermann, Stock identity of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: Integrating the results from different stock identification approaches, Fish. Res. 89 (2008), pp. 196–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Mele, P. Merella, D. Macias, M.J. Gómez, G. Garippa, and F. Alemany, Metazoan gill parasites of wild albacore Thunnus alalunga (Bonaterre, 1788) from the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean) and their use as biological tags, Fish. Res. 102 (2010), pp. 305–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.K. Dwivedi and V.K. Dubey, Advancements in morphometric differentiation: A review on stock identification among fish populations, Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher. 23 (2012), pp. 23–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Bektas and A. Belduz, Morphological variation among Atlantic horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus populations from Turkish coastal waters, J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8 (2009), pp. 511–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Silva, P. Carrera, J. Massé, A. Uriarte, M.B. Santos, P.B. Oliveira, E. Soares, C. Porteiro, and Y. Stratoudakis, Geographic variability of sardine growth across the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, Fish. Res. 90 (2008), pp. 56–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Turan, M. Oral, B. Öztürk, and E. Düzgüneş, Morphometric and meristic variation between stocks of Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the Black, Marmara, Aegean and northeastern Mediterranean Seas, Fish. Res. 79 (2006), pp. 139–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Palma and J.P. Andrade, Morphological study of Diplodus sargus, Diplodus puntazzo, and Lithognathus mormyrus (Sparidae) in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, Fish. Res. 57 (2002), pp. 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Wall and J. Herler, Postsettlement movement patterns and homing in a coral-associated fish, Behav. Ecol. 20 (2008), pp. 87–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.D. Marshall and S.J. Pierce, The use and abuse of photographic identification in sharks and rays, J. Fish Biol. 80 (2012), pp. 1361–1379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Lelong, Identification individuelle du mérou brun, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) par les taches céphaliques by cephalic blotches, Mar. Life 9 (1999), pp. 29–35.
   Google Scholar
• M.R. Chapman and D.L. Kramer, Movements of fishes within and among fringing coral reefs in Barbados, Environ. Biol. Fish. 57 (2000), pp. 11–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Uriarte and P. Lucio, Migration of adult mackerel along the Atlantic European shelf edge from a tagging experiment in the south of the Bay of Biscay in 1994, Fish. Res. 50 (2001), pp. 129–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.M. Buckley and H.L. Blankenship, Internal extrinsic identification systems: Overview of implanted wire tags, otolith marks, and parasites. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 7 (1990), pp. 173–182.
   Google Scholar
• C.G. Attwood and L. Swart, Discrepancy between otolith and tag-recovery estimates of growth for two South African surf-zone teleost species. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 22 (2000), pp. 9–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.E. Serafy, S.J. Lutz, T.R. Capo, P.B. Ortner, and P.L. Lutz, Anchor tags affect swimming performance and growth of juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Mar. Fresh. Behav. Physiol. 27 (1995), pp. 29–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.F. Prentice, T.A. Flagg, and C.S. McCutcheon, Feasibility of using implantable passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in salmonids. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 7 (1990), pp. 317–322.
   Google Scholar
• J.S. Beukers, G.P. Jones, and R.M. Buckley, Use of implant microtags for studies on populations of small reef fish, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 125 (1995), pp. 61–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Haw, P.K. Bergman, R.D. Fralick, R.M. Buckley, and H.L. Blankenship, Visible implanted fish tag. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 7 (1990), pp. 311–315.
   Google Scholar
• C.H. Laurenson, A. Johnson, and I.G. Priede, Movements and growth of monkfish Lophius piscatorius tagged at the Shetland Islands, northeastern Atlantic, Fish. Res. 71 (2005), pp. 185–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.M. Fromentin, Descriptive analysis of the ICCAT Bluefin Tuna tagging database, Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. 54 (2002), pp. 353–362.
   Google Scholar
• H. Arrizabalaga, V. López-Rodas, E. Costas, and A. Gonzáles-Garcés, Estimating albacore movements rates between the north Atlantic and the Mediterranean from conventional tagging data, Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. 55 (2003), pp. 280–291.
   Google Scholar
• C.W. Hackradt, Population ecology and mobility patterns of groupers (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) on temperate rocky reefs on south-western Mediterranean Sea: Implications for their conservation, Ph.D. diss., Universidad de Murcia, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• P. Afonso, J. Fontes, K.N. Holland, and R.S. Santos, Social status determines behaviour and habitat usage in a temperate parrotfish: Implications for marine reserve design, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 359 (2008), pp. 215–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. De Metrio, G.P. Arnold, J.M. de la Serna, B.A. Block, P. Megalofonou, M. Lutcavage, I. Oray, and M. Deflorio, Movements of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) tagged in the Mediterranean sea with pop-up satellite tags, Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. 58 (2005), pp. 1337–1340.
   Google Scholar
• B.A Block, H. Dewar, C. Farwell, and E.D. Prince, A new satellite technology for tracking the movements of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (1998), pp. 9384–9389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Canese, F. Garibaldi, L.O. Relini, and S. Greco, Swordfish tagging with pop-up satellite tags in the Mediterranean Sea, Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. 62 (2008), pp. 1052–1057.
   Google Scholar
• D. Abecasis, L. Bentes, and K. Erzini, Home range, residency and movements of Diplodus sargus and Diplodus vulgaris in a coastal lagoon: Connectivity between nursery and adult habitats, Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 85 (2009), pp. 525–529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.G. Lowe, D.T. Topping, D.P. Cartamil, and Y.P. Papastamatiou, Movement patterns, home range, and habitat utilization of adult kelp bass Paralabrax clathratus in a temperate no-take marine reserve, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 256 (2003), pp. 205–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Pastor, M. Verdoit-Jarraya, P. Astruch, N. Dalias, J.-S. Nelva Pasqual, G. Saragoni, and P. Lenfant, Acoustic telemetry survey of the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) in the Marine Reserve of Cerbère-Banyuls: Informations on the territoriality of this emblematic species, C. R. Biol. 332 (2009), pp. 732–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Jadot, A. Donnay, M. Acolas, Y. Cornet, and M. Begoutanras, Activity patterns, home-range size, and habitat utilization of Sarpa salpa (Teleostei: Sparidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, ICES J. Mar. Sci. 63 (2006), pp. 128–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. La Mesa, I. Consalvo, A. Annunziatellis, and C. Simonepietro, Movement patterns of the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense in a Mediterranean marine protected area, Mar. Environ. Res. 82 (2012), pp. 59–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.Q. Welsh, R.J. Fox, D.M. Webber, and D.R. Bellwood, Performance of remote acoustic receivers within a coral reef habitat: Implications for array design, Coral Reefs 31 (2012), pp. 693–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. March, J. Alós, A. Grau, and M. Palmer, Short-term residence and movement patterns of the annular seabream Diplodus annularis in a temperate marine reserve, Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 92 (2011), pp. 581–587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Alós, D. March, M. Palmer, A. Grau, and B. Morales-Nin, Spatial and temporal patterns in Serranus cabrilla habitat use in the NW Mediterranean revealed by acoustic telemetry, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 427 (2011), pp. 173–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. March, M. Palmer, J. Alós, A. Grau, and F. Cardona, Short-term residence, home range size and diel patterns of the painted comber Serranus scriba in a temperate marine reserve, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 400 (2010), pp. 195–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Alós, M. Cabanellas-Reboredo, and D. March, Spatial and temporal patterns in the movement of adult two-banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris (Saint-Hilaire, 1817), Fish. Res. 115–116 (2012), pp. 82–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Alós, M. Cabanellas-Reboredo, S. Lowerre-Barbieri, Diel behaviour and habitat utilisation by the pearly razorfish during the spawning season, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 460 (2012), pp. 207–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.G. D’Anna, V.M. Giacalone, C. Pipitone, and F. Badalamenti, Movement pattern of white seabream, Diplodus sargus (L., 1758) (Osteichthyes, Sparidae) acoustically tracked in an artificial reef area, Ital. J. Zool. 78 (2011), pp. 255–263.
   Google Scholar
• A.T. Correia, A.A. Ramos, F. Barros, G. Silva, P. Hamer, P. Morais, R.L. Cunha, and R. Castilho, Population structure and connectivity of the European conger eel (Conger conger) across the north-eastern Atlantic and western Mediterranean: Integrating molecular and otolith elemental approaches, Mar. Biol. 159 (2012), pp. 1509–1525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.M. Boustany, C.A. Reeb, and B.A. Block, Mitochondrial DNA and electronic tracking reveal population structure of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), Mar. Biol. 156 (2008), pp. 13–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.R. Almany, M.L. Berumen, S.R. Thorrold, S. Planes, and G.P. Jones, Local replenishment of coral reef fish populations in a marine reserve, Science 316 (2007), pp. 742–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.L. Shanks, Pelagic larval duration and dispersal distance revisited, Biol. Bull. 216 (2009), pp. 373–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Abdulla, M. Gomei, and E. Maison, Status of Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Sea. IUCN, Malaga and WWF, France, 2008, pp. 152.
   Google Scholar
• C. Mora, S. Andréfouët, M.J. Costello, C. Kranenburg, A. Rollo, J. Véron, K.J. Gaston, and R.A. Myers, Coral reefs and the global network of Marine Protected Areas, Science 312 (2006), pp. 1750–1751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.S. Halpern and R.R. Warner, Matching marine reserve design to reserve objectives, Pro. Roy. Soc. Biol. Sci. 270 (2003), pp. 1871–1878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.R. Lockwood, A. Hastings, and L.W. Botsford, The effects of dispersal patterns on marine reserves: Does the tail wag the dog?, Theor. Popul. Biol. 61 (2002), pp. 297–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.W. Botsford, A. Hastings, and S.D. Gaines, Dependence of sustainability on the configuration of marine reserves and larval dispersal distance, Ecol. Lett. 4 (2001), pp. 144–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Jadot, M. Ovidio, and J. Voss, Diel activity of Sarpa salpa (Sparidae) by ultrasonic telemetry in a Posidonia oceanica meadow of Corsica (Mediterranean Sea), Aquat. Living Resour. 15 (2002), pp. 343–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar