Biodemography of Exceptional Longevity: Early-Life and Mid-Life Predictors of Human Longevity

References

• Adams , J. W. and Kasakoff , A. B. 1984 . Migration and the family in colonial New England—the view from genealogies . J Fam Hist , 9 : 24 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , J. W. 1991 . Estimates of census underenumeration based on genealogies . Soc Sci Hist , 15 : 527 – 543 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , K. , Schatzkin , A. , Harris , T. , Kipnis , V. , Mouw , T. , Ballard-Barbash , R. , Hollenbeck , A. and Leitzmann , M. 2006 . Overweight, obesity, and mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old . N Engl J Med , 355 : 763 – 778 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adkins , G. , Martin , P. and Poon , L. W. 1996 . Personality traits and states as predictors of subjective well-being in centenarians, octogenarians, and sexagenarians . Psychol Aging , 11 : 408 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alter , G. 2004 . Height, frailty, and the standard of living: modelling the effects of diet and disease on declining mortality and increasing height . Popul Stud (Camb) , 58 : 265 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alter , G. , Neven , M. and Oris , M. 2004 . Stature in transition—a micro-level study from nineteenth-century Belgium . Soc Sci Hist , 28 : 231 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alter , G. and Oris , M. 2005 . Childhood conditions, migration, and mortality: migrants and natives in 19th-century cities . Soc Biol , 52 : 178 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderton , D. L. , Bean , L. L. , Willigan , J. D. and Mineau , G. P. 1984 . Adoption of fertility limitation in an American frontier population: an analysis and simulation of socio-religious subgroups . Soc Biol , 31 : 140 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderton , D. L. , Tsuya , N. O. , Bean , L. L. and Mineau , G. P. 1987 . Intergenerational transmission of relative fertility and life course patterns . Demography , 24 : 467 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks , R. 2000 . World War I civilian draft registrations , Provo , UT : Online database, Ancestry.com .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , D. J. P. 1992 . The fetal and infant origins of adult disease , London : BMJ Books .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , D. J. P. , Kajantie , E. , Osmond , C. , Thornburg , K. L. and Eriksson , J. G. 2011 . How boys grow determines how long they live . Am J Hum Biol , 23 : 412 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker , D. J. P. , Gluckman , P. D. , Godfrey , K. M. , Harding , J. E. , Owens , J. A. and Robinson , J. S. 1993 . Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life . Lancet , 341 : 938 – 941 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barzilai , N. , Atzmon , G. , Derby , C. A. , Bauman , J. M. and Lipton , R. B. 2006 . A genotype of exceptional longevity is associated with preservation of cognitive function . Neurology , 67 : 2170 – 2175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barzilai , N. and Shuldiner , A. R. 2001 . Searching for human longevity genes: the future history of gerontology in the post-genomic era . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , 56 : M83 – M87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batty , G. D. , Shipley , M. J. , Gunnell , D. , Huxley , R. , Kivimaki , M. , Woodward , M. , Lee , C. M. Y. and Smith , G. D. 2009 . Height, wealth, and health: an overview with new data from three longitudinal studies . Econ Hum Biol , 7 : 137 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bean , L. L. , Mineau , G. P. and Anderton , D. L. 1992 . High-risk childbearing: fertility and infant mortality on the American frontier . Soc Sci Hist , 16 : 337 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson , T. and Mineau , G. R. 2009 . Early-life effects on socio-economic performance and mortality in later life: a full life-course approach using contemporary and historical sources: introduction . Soc Sci Med , 68 : 1561 – 1564 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Shlomo , Y. and Kuh , D. 2002 . A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives . Int J Epidemiol , 31 : 285 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickel , S. E. 2005 . Aging (not so) gracefully . Nat Genet , 37 : 1303 – 1304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottini , E. , Meloni , G. F. , MacMurray , J. , Ammendola , M. , Meloni , T. and Gloria-Bottini , F. 2001 . Maternal age and traits of offspring in humans . Placenta , 22 : 787 – 789 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslow , N. E. and Day , N. E. 1993 . Statistical methods in cancer research, vol.1: the analysis of case-control studies , Oxford , , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chan , Y. C. , Suzuki , M. and Yamamoto , S. 1997a . Dietary, anthropometric, hematological and biochemical assessment of the nutritional status of centenarians and elderly people in Okinawa, Japan . J Am Coll Nutr , 16 : 229 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , Y. C. 1997b . Nutritional status of centenarians assessed by activity and anthropometric, hematological and biochemical characteristics . J Nutr Sci Vitaminol , 43 : 73 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , Y. C. 1999 . A comparison of anthropometry, biochemical variables and plasma amino acids among centenarians, elderly and young subjects . J Am Coll Nutr , 18 : 358 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comings , D. E. and Macmurray , J. 2001 . Maternal age as a confounding variable in association studies . Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet , 105 : 564 – 564 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comings , D. E. 2006 . Maternal age at the birth of the first child as an epistatic factor in polygenic disorders . Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet , 141 : 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , D. L. 1993a . Height, wealth, and disease among the native-born in the rural, antebellum North . Soc Sci Hist , 17 : 355 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , D. L. 1993b . Height, weight, wartime stress, and older age mortality: evidence from the Union Army records . Explor Econ Hist , 30 : 424 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , D. L. 2003 . Understanding mid-life and older age mortality declines: evidence from Union Army veterans . J Econometrics , 112 : 175 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , D. L. and Lahey , J. 2005 . Becoming oldest old: evidence from historical U.S. data . Genus , 61 : 125 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Crimmins , E. and Finch , C. 2006 . Infection, inflammation, height, and longevity . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 103 : 498 – 503 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crimmins , E. M. and Seeman , T. 2000 . “ Integrating biology into demographic research on health and aging (with a focus on the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging) ” . In Cells and surveys , Edited by: Finch , C. E. , Vaupel , J. W. and Kinsella , K. 9 – 41 . Washington , DC : National AcademiesPress .
   Google Scholar
• Crow , J. F. 1997 . The high spontaneous mutation rate: is it a health risk? . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 94 : 8380 – 8386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crow , J. F. 2000 . The origins patterns and implications of human spontaneous mutation . Nat Rev Genet , 1 : 40 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elo , I. T. and Preston , S. H. 1992 . Effects of early-life condition on adult mortality: a review . Popul Index , 58 : 186 – 222 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elo , I. T. , Preston , S. H. , Rosenwaike , I. , Hill , M. and Cheney , T. P. 1996 . Consistency of age reporting on death certificates and social security records among elderly African Americans . Soc Sci Res , 25 : 292 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faig , K. Reported deaths of centenarians and near-centenarians in the U.S. Social Security Administration's death master file . Paper presented at the Society of Actuaries “Living to 100 and Beyond” international symposium . Florida . January .
   Google Scholar
• Finch , C. E. and Crimmins , E. M. 2004 . Inflammatory exposure and historical changes in human life-spans . Science , 305 : 1736 – 1739 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flegal , K. , Graubard , B. , Williamson , D. and Gail , M. 2005 . Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity . JAMA , 293 : 1861 – 1867 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flegal , K. 2007 . Impact of smoking and preexisting illness on estimates of the fractions of deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity in the US population . Am J Epidemiol , 166 : 975 – 982 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogel , R.W. 2003 . Secular trends in physiological capital: implications for equity in health care . Perspect Biol Med , 46 : S24 – S38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogel , R.W. and Costa , D. L. 1997 . A theory of technophysio evolution, with some implications for forecasting population, health care costs, and pension costs . Demography , 34 : 49 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontana , L. , Partridge , L. and Longo , V. D. 2010 . Extending healthy life span: from yeast to humans . Science , 328 : 321 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavrilov , L. A. and Gavrilova , N. S. 1991 . The biology of life span: a quantitative approach , New York : Harwood Academic Publisher .
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilov , L. A. 1997 . Parental age at conception and offspring longevity . Rev. Clin Gerontol , 7 : 5 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilov , L. A. 2000 . “ Human longevity and parental age at conception ” . In Sex and longevity: sexuality, gender, reproduction, parenthood , Edited by: Robine , J.-M. , Kirkwood , T. B. L. and Allard , M. 7 – 31 . Berlin and Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilov , L. A. 2001 . Biodemographic study of familial determinants of human longevity . Popul , 13 : 197 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilov , L. A. 2003 . “ Early-life factors modulating lifespan ” . In Modulating aging and longevity , Edited by: Rattan , S. I. S. 27 – 50 . Dordrecht , , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilov , L. A. , Gavrilova , N. S. , Kroutko , V. N. , Evdokushkina , G. N. , Semyonova , V. G. , Gavrilova , A. L. , Lapshin , E. V. , Evdokushkina , N. N. and Kushnareva , Y. E. 1997 . Mutation load and human longevity . Mutat Res , 377 : 61 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavrilov , L. A. , Gavrilova , N. S. , Olshansky , S. J. and Carnes , B. A. 2002 . Genealogical data and the biodemography of human longevity . Soc Biol , 49 : 160 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavrilova , N. S. and Gavrilov , L. A. 1999 . Data resources for biodemographic studies on familial clustering of human longevity . Demogr Res , 1 : 1 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilova , N. S. 2007 . Search for predictors of exceptional human longevity: using computerized genealogies and Internet resources for human longevity studies . N Am Actuar J , 11 : 49 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Gloria-Bottini , F. , Cosmi , E. , Nicotra , M. , Cosmi , E. V. and Bottini , E. 2005 . Is delayed childbearing changing gene frequencies in western populations? . Hum Biol , 77 : 433 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groves , R. M. 2006 . Nonresponse rates and nonresponse bias in household surveys . Public Opin Q , 70 : 646 – 675 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guest , M. 1987 . Notes from the National Panel Study: linkage and migration in the late nineteenth century . Hist Methods , 20 : 63 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadley , E. C. , Rossi , W. K. , Albert , S. , Bailey-Wilson , J. , Baron , J. , Cawthon , R. Christian , J. C. 2000 . Genetic epidemiologic studies on age-specified traits . Am J Epidemiol , 152 : 1003 – 1008 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagberg , B. , Alfredson , B. B. , Poon , L. W. and Homma , A. 2001 . Cognitive functioning in centenarians: a coordinated analysis of results from three countries . J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci , 56 : P141 – P151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines , M. R. , Craig , L. A. and Weiss , T. 2003 . The short and the dead: nutrition, mortality, and the “antebellum puzzle” in the United States . J Econ Hist , 63 : 382 – 413 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayward , M. D. and Gorman , B. K. 2004 . The long arm of childhood: the influence of early-life social conditions on men's mortality . Demography , 41 : 87 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heffner , L. J. 2004 . Advanced maternal age: how old is too old? . New Engl J Med , 351 : 1927 – 1929 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , M. E. and Rosenwaike , I. 2001 . The Social Security Administration's death master file: the completeness of death reporting at older ages . Soc Secur Bull , 64 : 45 – 51 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill , M. E. , Preston , S. H. , Rosenwaike , I. and Dunagan , J. F. Childhood conditions predicting survival to advanced age among white Americans . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America . Los Angeles .
   Google Scholar
• Hosmer , D. W. and Lemeshow , S. 2001 . Applied logistic regression , New York : Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hubbard , R. E. , Andrew , M. K. and Rockwood , K. 2009 . Effect of parental age at birth on the accumulation of deficits, frailty and survival in older adults . Age Ageing , 38 : 380 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang , Y. R. , Poon , L. W. and Martin , P. 2004 . Individual differences in the effects of disease and disability on depressive symptoms: the role of age and subjective health . Int J Aging Hum Dev , 59 : 125 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeune , B. and Vaupel , J. 1999 . Validation of exceptional longevity , Odense , , Denmark : Odense University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kalmijn , M. and Kraaykamp , G. 2005 . Late or later? A sibling analysis of the effect of maternal age on children's schooling . Soc Sci Res , 34 : 634 – 650 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasakoff , A. B. and Adams , J. W. 2000 . The effects of migration, place, and occupation on adult mortality in the American North, 1740–1880 . Hist Methods , 33 : 115 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefe , D. L. , Franco , S. , Liu , L. , Trimarchi , J. , Cao , B. , Weitzen , S. , Agarwal , S. and Blasco , M. A. 2005 . Telomere length predicts embryo fragmentation after in vitro fertilization in women: toward a telomere theory of reproductive aging in women . Am J Obstet Gynecol , 192 : 1256 – 1260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemkes-Grottenthaler , A. 2004 . Parental effects on offspring longevity: evidence from 17th to 19th century reproductive histories . Ann Hum Biol , 31 : 139 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerber , R. A. , 'Brien , E. O , Smith , K. R. and Cawthon , R. M. 2001 . Familial excess longevity in Utah genealogies . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , 56 : B130 – B139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kestenbaum , B. 1992 . A description of the extreme aged population based on improved Medicare enrollment data . Demography , 29 : 565 – 580 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kestenbaum , B. and Ferguson , B. R. Mortality of the extreme aged in the United States in the 1990s, based on improved Medicare data . Paper presented at the Society of Actuaries “Living to 100 and Beyond” international symposium . Orlando , Florida .
   Google Scholar
• Kuh , D. and Ben-Shlomo , B. 1997 . A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology , Oxford , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lauderdale , D. S. and Rathouz , P. J. 1999 . Evidence of environmental suppression of familial resemblance: height among US Civil War brothers . Ann Hum Biol , 26 : 413 – 426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Y. , Deeb , B. , Pendergrass , W. and Wolf , N. 1996 . Cellular proliferative capacity and life span in small and large dogs . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , 51 : B403 – B408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lummaa , V. and Clutton-Brock , T. 2002 . Early development, survival and reproduction in humans . Trends Ecol Evol , 17 : 141 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , P. , da Rosa , G. and Siegler , I. C. 2006 . Personality and longevity: findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study . Age , 28 : 343 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michell , A. R. 1999 . Longevity of British breeds of dog and its relationships with sex, size, cardiovascular variables and disease . Vet Rec , 145 : 625 – 629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , R. A. , Chrisp , C. and Atchley , W. 2000 . Differential longevity in mouse stocks selected for early life growth trajectory . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , 55 : B455 – B461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , R. A. , Harper , J. M. , Galecki , A. and Burke , D. T. 2002 . Big mice die young: early life body weight predicts longevity in genetically heterogeneous mice . Aging Cell , 1 : 22 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paajanen , T. A. , Oksala , N. K. J. , Kuukasjarvi , P. and Karhunen , P. J. 2010 . Short stature is associated with coronary heart disease: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis . Eur Heart J , 31 : 1802 – 1809 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patronek , G. J. , Waters , D. J. and Glickman , L. T. 1997 . Comparative longevity of pet dogs and humans: implications for gerontology research . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , 52 : B171 – B178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellestor , F. , Anahory , T. and Hamamah , S. 2005 . Effect of maternal age on the frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in human oocytes . Cytogenet Genome Res , 111 : 206 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polani , P. E. and Crolla , J. A. 1991 . A test of the production line hypothesis of mammalian oogenesis . Hum Genet , 88 : 64 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston , S. H. , Elo , I. T. , Rosenwaike , I. and Hill , M. 1996 . African-American mortality at older ages: results of a matching study . Demography , 33 : 193 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston , S. H. and Haines , M. R. 1991 . Fatal years: child mortality in late nineteenth-century America , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Preston , S. H. , Hill , M. E. and Drevenstedt , G. L. 1998 . Childhood conditions that predict survival to advanced ages among African-Americans . Soc Sci Med , 47 : 1231 – 1246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puca , A. A. , Daly , M. J. , Brewster , S. J. , Matise , T.C. , Barrett , J. , Shea-Drinkwater , M. Kang , S. 2001 . A genome-wide scan for linkage to human exceptional longevity identifies a locus on chromosome 4 . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 98 : 10505 – 10508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robine , J. M. , Cournil , A. , Henon , N. and Allard , M. 2003 . Have centenarians had younger parents than the others? . Exp Gerontol , 38 : 361 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollo , C. D. 2002 . Growth negatively impacts the life span of mammals . Evol Dev , 4 : 55 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenwaike , I. and Hill , M. E. 1996 . The accuracy of age reporting among elderly African Americans: evidence of a birth registration effect . Res Aging , 18 : 310 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenwaike , I. , Hill , M. E. , Preston , S. H. and Elo , I. T. 1998 . Linking death certificates to early census records: the African American matched records sample (American genealogy) . Hist Methods , 31 : 65 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenwaike , I. and Stone , L. F. 2003 . Verification of the ages of supercentenarians in the United States: results of a matching study . Demography , 40 : 727 – 739 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggles , S. , Alexander , J. T. , Genadek , K. , Goeken , R. , Shroeder , M. B. and Sobek , M. 2010 . Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS), Version 5.0 , Minneapolis , MN : University of Minnesota .
   Google Scholar
• Samaras , T. T. 2009 . Should we be concerned over increasing body height and weight? . Exp Gerontol , 44 : 83 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaras , T. T. , Elrick , H. and Storms , L. H. 2003 . Is height related to longevity? . Life Sci , 72 : 1781 – 1802 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaras , T. T. and Storms , L. H. 1992 . Impact of height and weight on life-span . Bull. World Health Organ , 70 : 259 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaras , T. T. 2002 . Secular growth and its harmful ramifications . Med Hypotheses , 58 : 93 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaras , T. T. , Storms , L. H. and Elrick , H. 2002 . Longevity, mortality and body weight . Ageing Res Rev , 1 : 673 – 691 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sesso , H. D. , Paffenbarger , R. S. and Lee , I. M. 2000 . Comparison of national death index and World Wide Web death searches . Am J Epidemiol , 152 : 107 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha , L. B. and Rosenwaike , I. 1996 . Can data from the decennial census measure trends in mobility limitation among the aged? . Gerontologist , 36 : 106 – 109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , K. R. , Gagnon , A. , Cawthon , R. M. , Mineau , G. P. , Mazan , R. and Desjardins , B. 2009 . Familial aggregation of survival and late female reproduction . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , 64 : 740 – 744 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , K. R. , Garibotti , G. , Fraser , A. and Mineau , G. P. Adult mortality and geographic proximity of parents in Utah in the 19th and 20th centuries . Paper presented at the IUSSP Symposium on Kinship and Demographic Behavior . Salt Lake City , Utah .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. R. , Mineau , G. R. , Garibotti , G. and Kerber , R. 2009 . Effects of childhood and middle-adulthood family conditions on later-life mortality: evidence from the Utah Population Database, 1850–2002 . Soc Sci Med , 68 : 1649 – 1658 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp . 2009 . Stata Statistical Software: Release 11 , College Station , TX : StataCorp LP .
   Google Scholar
• Stone , L. Early-life conditions and survival to age 110 in the U.S . Paper presented at the “Early Life Conditions and Longevity: Reconstructive Lives from Cradle to Grave” workshop . Geneva .
   Google Scholar
• Suitor , J. J. , Pillemer , K. and Sechrist , J. 2006 . Within-family differences in mothers' support to adult children . J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci , 61 : S10 – S17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarin , J. J. , Gomez-Piquer , V. , Manzanedo , C. , Minarro , J. , Hermenegildo , C. and Cano , A. 2003 . Long-term effects of delayed motherhood in mice on postnatal development and behavioural traits of offspring . Hum Reprod , 18 : 1580 – 1587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarin , J. J. , Gomez-Piquer , V. , Rausell , F. , Navarro , S. , Hermenegildo , C. and Cano , A. 2005 . Delayed motherhood decreases life expectancy of mouse offspring . Biol Reprod , 72 : 1336 – 1343 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Commerce . 1940 . Statistical Abstract of the United States 1939 , Washington , DC : United States Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Waaler , H. T. 1984 . Height, weight and mortality: the Norwegian experience . Acta Medica Scandinavica , 215 : 1 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , M. H. and vom Saal , F. S. 2000 . Maternal age and traits in offspring: the timing of a mouse's first litter influences the development of her pups . Nature , 407 : 469 – 470 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells , J. C. K. 2007 . The programming effects of early growth . Early Hum Dev , 83 : 743 – 748 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westendorp , R. G. J. and Kirkwood , T. B. L. 1998 . Human longevity at the cost of reproductive success . Nature , 396 : 743 – 746 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willcox , D. C. , Willcox , B. J. , Todoriki , H. , Curb , J. D. and Suzuki , M. 2006 . Caloric restriction and human longevity: what can we learn from the Okinawans? . Biogerontology , 7 : 173 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward , M. 2005 . Epidemiology: study design and data analysis , Boca Raton , FL : Chapman & Hall/CRC .
   Google Scholar
• Young , R. D. , Desjardins , B. , McLaughlin , K. , Poulain , M. and Perls , T. T. 2010 . Typologies of extreme longevity myths . Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. ,
   Google Scholar