Assessing heterogeneity in menstrual cycles by means of a multilevel latent class approach

References

• Barrett, J. C., and J. Marshall. 1969. The risk of conception on different days of the menstrual cycle. Population Studies 23 (3):455–61. doi:10.1080/00324728.1969.10405297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassi, F., and B. Scarpa. 2015. Latent class modeling of markers of day-specific fertility. Metron 73 (2):263–76. doi:10.1007/s40300-015-0066-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassi, F., M. Croon, J. P. Hagenaars, and J. K. Vermunt. 2000. Estimating true changes when categorical panel data are affected by uncorrelated and correlated classification errors; an application to unemployment data. Sociological Methods and Research 29 (2):230–68. doi:10.1177/0049124100029002003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings, E. L., and A. Westmore. 1998. The billings method. Melbourne, Australia: Anne O’Donovan.
   Google Scholar
• Billings, E. L., J. J. Billings, J. B. Brown, and H. G. Burger. 1972. Symptoms and hormonal changes accompanying ovulation. Lancet 1 (7745):282–84. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(72)90291-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo. 2007. Characteristics and limits of the available database, Working Paper n.9.2007, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova.
   Google Scholar
• Colombo, B., A. Mion, K. Passarin, and B. Scarpa. 2006. Cervical mucus symptom and daily fecundability: First results from a new database. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 15 (2):161–80. doi:10.1191/0962280206sm437oa.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo, B., and G. Masarotto. 2000. Daily fecundability: First results from a new data base. Demographic Research 3:5. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2000.3.5.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, A. M., and A. A. Frye. 2006. Growth mixture modelling in developmental psychology: Overview and demonstration of heterogeneity in developmental trajectories of adolescent antisocial behaviour. Infant and Child Development 15 (6):609–21. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1522-7219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bin, R., and B. Scarpa. 2014. Non-parametric Bayesian modeling of cervical mucus symptom, Technical Report 170, Department of Statistics, University of Munich.
   Google Scholar
• Dunson, D. B., and B. Colombo. 2003. Bayesian modeling of markers of day-specific fertility. Journal of the American Statistical Association 98 (461):28–37. doi:10.1198/016214503388619067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunson, D. B., L. Sinai, and B. Colombo. 2001. The relationship between cervical secretions and the daily probability of pregnancy: Effectiveness of the two-day algorithm. Human Reproduction 16 (11):2278–82. doi:10.1093/humrep/16.11.2278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehring, R. J. 2002. Accuracy of the peak day of cervical mucus as a biological marker of fertility. Contraception 66 (4):231–35. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(02)00355-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes, A., and J. G. Dias. 2015. Improving the selection of air force pilot candidates using latent trajectories. Journal of Applied Statistics 25 (2):198–121.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, L. A. 1979. Simple models for the analysis of association in cross-classification having ordered categories. International Journal of Aviation Psychology 74 (367):537–52.
   Google Scholar
• Hilgers, T. W., and A. M. Prebil. 1979. The ovulation method-vulvar observations as an index of fertility. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 53 (1):12–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, D. F. 1991. Human cervical-mucus-research update. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 165 (6):1984–86. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(11)90559-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, D. F. :., D. A. Slade, and S. T. Nakajima. 1997. Analysis of pre-ovulatory changes in cervical mucus hydration and sperm penetrability. Advances in Contraception 13 (2–3):143–51. doi:10.1023/A:1006543719401.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martyn, F., M. F. McAuliffe, and M. Wingfield. 2014. The role of cervix in fertility: Is it time for a reappraisal? Human Reproduction 29 (10):2092–98. doi:10.1093/humrep/deu195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghissi, K. S., F. N. Syner, and T. N. Evans. 1972. A composite picture of the menstrual cycle. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 114 (4):405–18. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(72)90617-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palardy, G. J., and J. K. Vermunt. 2010. Multilevel growth mixture models for classifying groups. Journal of Educational and Behavioural Statistics 35 (5):532–656. doi:10.3102/1076998610376895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennoni, F., M. Barbato, and S. Del Zoppo. 2017. Latent Markov model with covariates to study unobserved heterogeneity among fertility patterns of couples. Frontiers in Public Health 5:1–9. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpa, B., and D. B. Dunson. 2007. Bayesian selection of optimal rules for timing intercourse to achieve pregnancy. Statistics in Medicine 26 (9):1920–36. doi:10.1002/sim.2846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpa, B., D. B. Dunson, and B. Colombo. 2006. Cervical mucus secretions on the day of intercourse: An accurate marker of highly fertile days. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Reproductive Behaviour 125 (1):72–78. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.07.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, D., P. :. D. M. MacDonanld, and V. Henchel. 1980. Fecundability, coital frequency and the viability of ova. Population Studies 34 (2):397–400. doi:10.1080/00324728.1980.10410398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, G. 1978. Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics 6 (2):461–64. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermunt, J. K. 2003. Multilevel latent class models. Sociological Methodology 33 (1):213–39. doi:10.1111/j.0081-1750.2003.t01-1-00131.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermunt, J. K. 2007. Growth models for categorical response variables: Standard, latent-class, and hybrid approaches. In Longitudinal models in the behavioural and related sciences, ed. K. van Montfort, H. Oud, and A. Satorra, 139–58. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Vermunt, J. K. 2010. Latent class modelling with covariates: Two improved three-step approaches. Political Analysis 18 (4):450–69. doi:10.1093/pan/mpq025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermunt, J. K., and J. Magidson. 2013. LG-syntax user’s guide: Manual for latetn GODL 5.0 syntax module. Belmont, MA: Statistical Innovations Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox, A. J., D. B. Dunson, and D. D. Baird. 2000. The timing of the fertile window in the menstrual cycle: Day-specific estimates from a prospective study. British Medical Journal 321 (7271):517–21. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7271.1259.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2000. A prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family planning. I. The teaching phase. Fertility and Sterility 36 (1):152–58.
   Google Scholar