Effect of SAP on the tensile creep of early-age concrete using ring specimens

References

• Al-Kubaisy, M. A., & Young, A. G. (1975). Failure of concrete under sustained tension. Magazine of Concrete Research, 27, 171–178.10.1680/macr.1975.27.92.171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assmann, A. (2013). Physical properties of concrete modified with superabsorbent polymers (PhD thesis). University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Assmann, A., & Reinhardt, H. W. (2014). Tensile creep and shrinkage of SAP modified concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 58, 179–185.10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.01.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barenblatt, G. I. (1962). The mathematical theory of equilibrium cracks in brittle fracture. Advanced Applied Mechanics, 7, 55–129.10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70121-2
   Google Scholar
• Benboudjema, F., & Torrenti, J. M. (2008). Early-age behaviour of concrete nuclear containments. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 238, 2495–2506.10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briffaut, M., Benboudjema, F., Torrenti, J. M., & Nahas, G. (2011). Numerical analysis of the thermal active restrained shrinkage ring test to study the early age behavior of massive concrete structures. Engineering Structures, 33, 1390–1401.10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craeye, B., Geirnaert, M., & Schutter, G. D. (2011). Super absorbing polymers as an internal curing agent for mitigation of early-age cracking of high-performance concrete bridge decks. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 1–13.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CEB-FIP. (1993). Mode code 90: Design code. London: Committee Euro-International du Beton, Thomas Telford.
   Google Scholar
• Darquennes, A., Staquet, S., & Espion, B. (2011). Behaviour of slag cement concrete under restraint conditions. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 15, 1017–1029.10.1080/19648189.2011.9695290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteves L. P., Cachim P., & Ferreira V. M. (2007). Mechanical properties of cement mortars with superabsorbent polymers. In C. U. Grosse (Ed.), Advances in construction materials (pp. 451–462). Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, D., Heimann, R. B., & Alexander, D. B. (1997). Box—Behnken design applied to study the strengthening of aluminate concrete modified by a superabsorbent polymer/clay composite. Advances in Cement Research, 9, 93–97.10.1680/adcr.1997.9.35.93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Y. L., Zhang, H. L., Tang, S., & Liu, H. (2013). Study on early autogenous shrinkage and crack resistance of fly ash high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research, 65, 906–913.10.1680/macr.13.00004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GB/T50081. (2002). Test standards and methods for mechanical properties of normal concrete. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hasholt M. T., Jespersen M. H. S., & Jensen O. M. (2010). Mechanical properties of concrete with SAP. Part I: Development of compressive strength. In O. M. Jensen, M. T. Hasholt, & S. Laustsen (Eds.), Proceedings of the international RILEM conference on use of superabsorbent polymers and other new additives in concrete, Lyngby, Denmark (pp. 117–126). Bagneux: RILEM Publications SARL.
   Google Scholar
• Hossain, A. B., & Weiss, J. (2004). Assessing residual stress development and stress relaxation in restrained concrete ring specimens. Cement and Concrete Composites, 26, 531–540.10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00069-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igarashi S., Bentur A., & Kovler K. (2000). Autogenous shrinkage and induced restraining stresses in high-strength concretes. Cement and Concrete Research, 30, 1701–1707.10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00399-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, O. M. (2013). Use of superabsorbent polymers in concrete. Concrete International, 35, 48–52.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, O. M., & Hansen, P. F. (2001a). Autogenous deformation and RH-change in perspective. Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 1859–1865.10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00501-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, O. M., & Hansen, P. F. (2001b). Water-entrained cement-based materials: I. Principle and theoretical background. Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 647–654.10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00463-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, O. M., & Hansen, P. F. (2002). Water-entrained cement-based materials: II. Experimental observations. Cement and concrete research, 32, 973–978.10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00737-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon, S. J., Choi, M. S., & Kim, Y. J. (2008). Advanced assessment of cracking due to heat of hydration and internal restraint. ACI Materials Journal, 105, 325–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, T., Chen, C. Y., Zhuang, Y. Z., & Lin, X. J. (2012). Effect of degree of ceramsite prewetting on the cracking behaviour of LWAC. Magazine of Concrete Research, 64, 687–695.10.1680/macr.11.00128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Z. W., Sun, Z. P., & Wang, P. M. (2005). Autogenous relative humidity change and autogenous shrinkage of high-performance cement pastes. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1539–1545.10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. K., & Lee, C. S. (1998). Prediction of differential drying shrinkage in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 28, 985–994.10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00077-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klemm, A. J., & Sikora, K. S. (2013). The effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) on microstructure and mechanical properties of fly ash cementitious mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 49, 134–143.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, X. M., Zhang, Z. L., & Lu, Z. C. (2015). Effect of pre-soaked superabsorbent polymer on shrinkage of high-strength concrete. Materials and Structures, 48, 2741–2758.10.1617/s11527-014-0351-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange D. A., & Altoubat S. A. (2003). Early creep. In A. Bentur (Ed.), State-of-the-art-report of RILEM technical committee 181-EAS: Early age cracking of cementitious materials (pp. 57–62). Bagneux: RILEM Publications SARL.
   Google Scholar
• Lura, P., Jensen, O. M., & van Breugel, K. (2003). Autogenous shrinkage in high-performance cement paste: An evaluation of basic mechanisms. Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 223–232.10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00890-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mechtcherine V., Dudziak L., & Hempel S. (2009). Mitigating early age shrinkage of ultra-high performance concrete by using super absorbent polymers (SAP). In T. Tanabe, et al. (Eds.), Creep shrinkage and durability mechanics of concrete and concrete structures–CONCREEP-8 (pp. 847–853). London: Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Mechtcherine, V., Gorges, M., Schroefl, C., et al. (2014). Effect of internal curing by using superabsorbent polymers (SAP) on autogenous shrinkage and other properties of a high-performance fine-grained concrete: Results of a RILEM round-robin test. Materials and Structures, 47, 541–562.10.1617/s11527-013-0078-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mechtcherine V., Dudziak L., Schulze J., & Staehr H. (2006). Internal curing by super absorbent polymers (SAP)-effects on material properties of self-compacting fibre-reinforced high performance concrete. In O. M. Jensen, P. Lura, & K. Kovler (Eds.), Proceedings of the international RILEM conference on volume changes of hardening concrete: Testing and mitigation, Copenhagen, Denmark (pp. 87–98). Bagneux: RILEM Publications SARL.
   Google Scholar
• Mehta, P. K., & Monteiro, P. (2006). Concrete—microstructure, properties, and materials (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Persson, B. (1999). Poisson’s ratio of high-performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 1647–1653.10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00159-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierard, J., Pollet, V., & Cauberg, N. (2006). Mitigating autogenous shrinkage in HPC by internal curing using superabsorbent polymers. In  O. M. Jenson, P. Lura, & K. Kovler (Eds.), International RILEM conference on volume changes of hardening concrete: Testing and mitigation (pp. 97–106). Bagneux: RILEM Publications SARL.
   Google Scholar
• Rossi, P., Tailhan, J. L., Le Maou, F., Gaillet, L., & Martin, E. (2012). Basic creep behavior of concretes investigation of the physical mechanisms by using acoustic emission. Cement and Concrete Research, 42, 61–73.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schröfl, C., Mechtcherine, V., & Gorges, M. (2012). Relation between the molecular structure and the efficiency of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) as concrete admixture to mitigate autogenous shrinkage. Cement and Concrete Research, 42, 865–873.10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.03.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snoeck, D., Schaubroeck, D., Dubruel, P., & De Belie, N. (2014). Effect of high amounts of superabsorbent polymers and additional water on the workability, microstructure and strength of mortars with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.50. Construction and Building Materials, 72, 148–157.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turatsinze, A., & Bascoul, A. (1996). Restrained crack widening in mode I crack propagation for mortar and concrete. Advanced Cement Based Materials, 4, 77–92.10.1016/S1065-7355(96)90077-2
   Google Scholar
• Weber, S., & Reinhardt, H. W. (1997). A new generation of high performance concrete: Concrete with autogenous curing. Advanced Cement Based Materials, 6, 59–68.10.1016/S1065-7355(97)00009-6
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, W. J., Yang, W., & Shah, S. P. (2000). Influence of specimen size and geometry on shrinkage cracking. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 126, 93–101.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:1(93)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhutovsky, S., Kovler, K., & Bentur, A. (2013). Effect of hybrid curing on cracking potential of high-performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 54, 36–42.10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar