References
- Adibi, M., Marefat, M. S., & Allahvirdizadeh, R. (2018). Nonlinear modeling of cyclic response of RC beam–column joints reinforced by plain bars. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16(11), 5529–5556. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0399-4
- Adibi, M., Marefat, M. S., Arani, K. K., & Zare, H. (2017). External retrofit of beam–column joints in old fashioned RC structures. Earthquakes and Structures, 12(2), 237–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.2.237
- Adibi, M., Marefat, M. S., Esmaeily, A., Arani, K. K., & Esmaeily, A. (2017). Seismic retrofit of external concrete beam–column joints reinforced by plain bars using steel angles prestressed by cross ties. Engineering Structures, 148, 813–828. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.07.014
- Adibi, M., Talebkhah, R., & Yahyaabadi, A. (2019). Simulation of cyclic response of precast concrete beam-column joints. Computers and Concrete, 24(3), 223–236.
- Arani, K. K., Marefat, M. S., Amrollahi‐Biucky, A., & Khanmohammadi, M. (2013). Experimental seismic evaluation of old concrete columns reinforced by plain bars. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 22(3), 267–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.686
- Arslan, M., Korkmaz, H. H., & Gulay, F. (2006). Damage and failure pattern of prefabricated structures after major earthquakes in Turkey and shortfalls of the Turkish Earthquake code. Engineering Failure Analysis, 13(4), 537–557. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.02.006
- Barker, J. (1979). Reinforced concrete detailing (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press. (1st printed at 1967).
- Bekir Özer, A. Y., & Erberik, M. A. (2008). Vulnerability of Turkish low-rise and mid-rise reinforced concrete 24 frame structures. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 12(Suppl 2), 2–11.
- Bindhu, K., Jaya, K., & Manicka Selvam, V. (2008). Seismic resistance of exterior beam–column joints with non-conventional confinement reinforcement detailing. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 30(6), 733–761. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2008.30.6.733
- Cardone, D. (2016). Fragility curves and loss functions for RC structural components with smooth rebars. Earthquakes and Structures, 10(5), 1181–1212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.5.1181
- Cardone, D., Rossino, M., & Gesualdi, G. (2018). Estimating fragility curves of pre-70 RC frame buildings considering different performance limit states. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 115, 868–881. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.11.015
- Caruso, C., Bento, R., & Castro, J. M. (2019). A contribution to the seismic performance and loss assessment of old RC wall-frame buildings. Engineering Structures, 197, 109369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109369
- Celik, O. C., & Ellingwood, B. R. (2009). Seismic risk assessment of gravity load designed reinforced concrete frames subjected to Mid-America ground motions. Journal of Structural Engineering, 135(4), 414–424. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:4(414)
- Celik, O. C., & Ellingwood, B. R. (2010). Seismic fragilities for non-ductile reinforced concrete frames–Role of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties. Structural Safety, 32(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2009.04.003
- Chalioris, C. E., & Bantilas, K. E. (2017). Shear strength of reinforced concrete beam-column joints with crossed inclined bars. Engineering Structures, 140, 241–255. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.072
- Chalioris, C. E., Favvata, M. J., & Karayannis, C. G. (2008). Reinforced concrete beam–column joints with crossed inclined bars under cyclic deformations. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 37(6), 881–897.
- Chaulagain, H., Rodrigues, H., Jara, J., Spacone, E., & Varum, H. (2013). Seismic response of current RC buildings in Nepal: A comparative analysis of different design/construction. Engineering Structures, 49, 284–294. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.10.036
- Cherifi, F., Farsi, M.-N., Kaci, S., Belaidi, O., & Taouche-Kheloui, F. (2015). Seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures in Tizi-Ouzou City (Algeria). Procedia Engineering, 114, 838–845. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.037
- Combescure, D., & Wang, F. (2007). Assessment of existing RC structures under severe dynamic loading using non linear modelling International Conference on concrete under severe conditions. Tours, France.
- Dimitriu, P., Karakostas, C., & Lekidis, V. (2000). The Athens (Greece) Earthquake of 7 September 1999: The event, its effects and the response. Earthquake Risk in Europe.
- Dimova, S. L., & Negro, P. (2006). Assessment of seismic fragility of structures with consideration of the quality of construction. Earthquake Spectra, 22(4), 909–936. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2360671
- Duhman, C. (1953). The theory and practice of reinforced concrete. McGraw-Hill.
- EasyFit software. (2010). Mathwave data anlaysis & simulation. www.mathwave.com/.
- Edvard, N., & Tanner, J. (1996). Theory and problems of reinforced concrete design. Schaum Publishing co.
- Ellingwood, B. R. (1996). Reliability-based condition assessment and LRFD for existing structures. Structural Safety, 18(2–3), 67–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(96)00006-9
- FEMA P695. (2009). Quantification of building seismic performance factors. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
- Fengge, T. Y. Q. J. L. (2001). Displacement-based Seismic Behavior Evaluation for Existing RC Frame Structures. Building Structure, 7.
- Ghobarah, A., Aly, N., & El-Attar, M. (1998). Seismic reliability assessment of existing reinforced concrete buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2(4), 569–592. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350335
- Guerrin, A. (1959). Traite De Beton Arme. Dunod.
- Gunes, B., Cosgun, T., Sayin, B., & Mangir, A. (2019). Seismic performance of an existing low-rise RC building considering the addition of a new storey. Revista de la Construcción. Journal of Construction, 18(3), 459–475.
- Halder, L., & Paul, S. (2016). Seismic damage evaluation of gravity load designed low rise RC building using non-linear static method. Procedia Engineering, 144, 1373–1380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.05.167
- Hall, J. F. (2006). Problems encountered from the use (or misuse) of Rayleigh damping. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 35(5), 525–545.
- HAZUS-MH MR5. (2005). Earthquake loss estimation methodology model. FEMA.
- Izanlu, F., & Yahyaabadi, A. (2019). Determination of structural fragility curves of various building types for seismic vulnerability assessment in the Sarpol-e Zahab City. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 20(3), 93–107.
- Jalayer, F. and C. A. Cornell (2003). “A technical framework for probability-based demand and capacity factor (DCFD) seismic formats.” RMS.
- Jalayer, F., Iervolino, I., & Manfredi, G. (2010). Structural modeling uncertainties and their influence on seismic assessment of existing RC structures. Structural Safety, 32(3), 220–228. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.02.004
- Koçak, A., Zengin, B., & Kadioğlu, F. (2015). Performance assessment of irregular RC buildings with shear walls after earthquake. Engineering Failure Analysis, 55, 157–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.05.016
- Liel, A. B., & Lynch, K. P. (2012). Vulnerability of reinforced-concrete-frame buildings and their occupants in the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy, earthquake. Natural Hazards Review, 13(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000047
- Lu, X., Urukap, T. H., Li, S., & Lin, F. (2012). Seismic behavior of interior RC beam-column joints with additional bars under cyclic loading. Earthquakes and Structures, 3(1), 37–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.1.037
- Mazza, F. (2014). Modelling and nonlinear static analysis of reinforced concrete framed buildings irregular in plan. Engineering Structures, 80, 98–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.08.026
- Melani, A., Khare, R., Dhakal, R., & Mander, J. (2016). Seismic risk assessment of low rise RC frame structure. Structures, 5, 13–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2015.07.003
- Monti, G., & Nuti, C. (1996). A procedure for assessing the functional reliability of hospital systems. Structural Safety, 18(4), 277–292. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4730(96)00022-7
- Mosleh, A., Rodrigues, H., Varum, H., Costa, A., & Arêde, A. (2016). Seismic behavior of RC building structures designed according to current codes. Structures, 7, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2016.04.001
- Opensees. (2016). Open system for earthquke engineering simulation. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. http://opensees.berkeley.edu/.
- O'Reilly, G. J., Perrone, D., Fox, M., Monteiro, R., & Filiatrault, A. (2018). Seismic assessment and loss estimation of existing school buildings in Italy. Engineering Structures, 168, 142–162.
- Özel, A. E., & Güneyisi, E. M. (2011). Effects of eccentric steel bracing systems on seismic fragility curves of mid-rise R/C buildings: A case study. Structural Safety, 33(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.09.001
- Pernot, P. (1954). Le béton armé. JB Baillière.
- Petrini, L., Maggi, C., Priestley, M. N., & Calvi, G. M. (2008). Experimental verification of viscous damping modeling for inelastic time history analyzes. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 12(Supp 1), 125–145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460801925822
- Rajeev, P., & Tesfamariam, S. (2012). Seismic fragilities for reinforced concrete buildings with consideration of irregularities. Structural Safety, 39, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2012.06.001
- Repapis, C., Vintzileou, E., & Zeris, C. (2006). Evaluation of the seismic performance of existing rc buildings. I. Suggested methodology. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 10(2), 265–287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460609350596
- Repapis, C., Zeris, C., & Vintzileou, E. (2006). Evaluation of the seismic performance of existing RC buildings. II. A case study for regular and irregular buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 10(3), 429–452. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460609350604
- Saatcioglu, M., & Bruneau, M. (1993). Performance of structures during the 1992 Erzincan earthquake. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(2), 305–325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/l93-035
- Sobaih, M. E., & Nazif, M. A. (2012). A proposed methodology for seismic risk evaluation of existing reinforced school buildings. HBRC Journal, 8(3), 204–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2012.10.006
- Talebkhah, R., Yahyaabadi, A. A., & Adibi, M. (2020). Development of fragility curves for precast concrete frames comparing the methods of static pushover and incremental dynamic analysis. Sharif Journal of Civil Engineering, 36(2), 129–140.
- Taylor, F., Thompson, S., & Smulski, E. (1925). Concrete plain and reinforcement (Vol. 4). Wiley.
- Tsonos, A.-D. G. (2014). A new method for earthquake strengthening of old R/C structures without the use of conventional reinforcement. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 52(2), 391–403. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.52.2.391
- Vamvatsikos, D., & Cornel, C. A. (2005). Seismic perfromancr, capacity and reliability of structures as seen through incremental dynamic analysis. Stanford University.
- Vamvatsikos, D., & Cornell, C. A. (2002a). Incremental dynamic analysis. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 31(3), 491–514. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141
- Vamvatsikos, D., & Cornell, C. A. (2002b). The incremental dynamic analysis and its application to performance-based earthquake engineering [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Barbicon Centre, London.
- Wahyuni, E. (2015). Vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete building post-earthquake. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 14, 76–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.087