1,053
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A review on recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) characteristics to promote RCA utilization in developing sustainable recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)

&
Pages 6505-6539 | Received 28 May 2020, Accepted 18 Jun 2021, Published online: 19 Jul 2021

References

  • A. C. 555. (2001). Removal and reuse of hardened concrete. American Concrete Institute.
  • A. Standard, Sydney. (1996). Particle density and water absorption of aggregates.
  • Abdel-Hay, A. S. (2017). Properties of recycled concrete aggregate under different curing conditions. HBRC Journal, 13(3), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2015.07.001
  • ACPA. (2020). Properties of concrete containing RCA. http://www.pavement.com/Downloads/TS/EB043P/TS043.5P.pdf
  • Agrela, F., Cabrera, M., Galvín, A., Barbudo, A., & Ramirez, A. (2014). Influence of the sulphate content of recycled aggregates on the properties of cement-treated granular materials using sulphate-resistant Portland cement. Construction and Building Materials, 68, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.045
  • Ahmed, H., Tiznobaik, M., Huda, S. B., Islam, M. S., & Alam, M. S. (2020). Recycled aggregate concrete from large-scale production to sustainable field application. Construction and Building Materials, 262, 119979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119979
  • Ajdukiewicz, A., & Kliszczewicz, A. (2002). Influence of recycled aggregates on mechanical properties of HS/HPC. Cement and Concrete Composites, 24(2), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00012-9
  • Al-Baghdadi, H. M. (2021). Experimental study on sulfate resistance of concrete with recycled aggregate modified with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Case Studies in Construction Materials, 14, e00527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00527
  • Al-Bayati, H. K. A., Tighe, S. L., & Al-Bayati, H. K. A. (2016) Utilizing a different technique for improving micro and macro characteristics of coarse recycled concrete aggregate. In Proceedings of the TAC: Efficient Transportation-Managing the Demand-Conference and Exhibition of the Transportation Association of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
  • Alengaram, U. J., Salam, A., Jumaat, M. Z., Jaafar, F. F., & Saad, H. B. (2011). Properties of high-workability concrete with recycled concrete aggregate. Materials Research, 14(2), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392011005000039
  • Amorim, P., Brito, J. D., & Evangelista, L. (2012). Concrete made with coarse concrete aggregate: Influence of curing on durability. ACI Materials Journal, 109(2), 195–204.
  • Andal, J., Shehata, M., & Zacarias, P. (2016). Properties of concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate of preserved quality. Construction and Building Materials, 125, 842–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.110
  • Anderson, K. W., Uhlmeyer, J. S., & Russell, M. A. (2009). Use of recycled concrete aggregate in PCCP: literature search. WSDOT research report (WA-RD 726.1): Washington State Department of Transportation, Office of Research & Library Services, 37 p.
  • Basheer, L., Basheer, P., & Long, A. (2005). Influence of coarse aggregate on the permeation, durability and the microstructure characteristics of ordinary Portland cement concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 19(9), 682–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.02.022
  • Bekoe, P. A., Tia, M., & Bergin, M. J. (2010). Concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate for use in concrete pavement. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2164(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.3141/2164-15
  • Belén, G.-F., Fernando, M.-A., Diego, C. L., & Sindy, S.-P. (2011). Stress–strain relationship in axial compression for concrete using recycled saturated coarse aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 25(5), 2335–2342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.031
  • Beltrán, M. G., Barbudo, A., Agrela, F., Galvín, A. P., & Jiménez, J. R. (2014). Effect of cement addition on the properties of recycled concretes to reach control concretes strengths. Journal of Cleaner Production, 79, 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.053
  • Bhattacharjee, B., & Krishnamoorthy, S. (2004). Permeable porosity and thermal conductivity of construction materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 16(4), 322–330. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:4(322)
  • Bogas, J. A., Brito, J. D., & Ramos, D. (2016). Freeze–thaw resistance of concrete produced with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, 294–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.065
  • Bravo, M., De Brito, J., Pontes, J., & Evangelista, L. (2015). Durability performance of concrete with recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste plants. Construction and Building Materials, 77, 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.103
  • Bravo, M., Silva, A. S., Brito, J. D., & Evangelista, L. (2016). Microstructure of concrete with aggregates from construction and demolition waste recycling plants. Microscopy and Microanalysis: The Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada, 22(1), 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615015512
  • Butler, L., West, J. S., & Tighe, S. L. (2013). Effect of recycled concrete coarse aggregate from multiple sources on the hardened properties of concrete with equivalent compressive strength. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 1292–1301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.074
  • Colangelo, F., Petrillo, A., Cioffi, R., Borrelli, C., & Forcina, A. (2018). Life cycle assessment of recycled concretes: A case study in southern Italy. The Science of the Total Environment, 615, 1506–1517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.107
  • Corinaldesi, V. (2010). Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 24(9), 1616–1620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.02.031
  • Corinaldesi, V., & Moriconi, G. (2009). Influence of mineral additions on the performance of 100% recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(8), 2869–2876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.004
  • Coventry, S., Woolveridge, C., & Hillier, S. (1999). The reclaimed and recycled construction materials handbook. CIRIA.
  • Cuenca-Moyano, G. M., Martin-Pascual, J., Martin-Morales, M., Valverde-Palacios, I., & Zamorano, M. (2020). Effects of water to cement ratio, recycled fine aggregate and air entraining/plasticizer admixture on masonry mortar properties. Construction and Building Materials, 230, 116929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116929
  • D. I. f. Normung, Berlin. (2002). Aggregates for mortar and concrete—Part 100: Recycled aggregates.
  • Danish, A., Salim, M. U., & Ahmed, T. (2019). Trends and developments in green cement – A sustainable approach. Sustainable Structures and Materials, an International Journal, 2(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.26392/SSM.2019.02.01.045
  • Development, W. B. C. f. S. (2019, August 9). The cement sustainability initiative – Recycling concrete.
  • Ding, T., Xiao, J., & Tam, V. W. (2016). A closed-loop life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete utilization in China. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 56, 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.031
  • Duan, Z. H., & Poon, C. S. (2014). Properties of recycled aggregate concrete made with recycled aggregates with different amounts of old adhered mortars. Materials & Design, 58, 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.044
  • ECCO. (2020). Recycling concrete and masonry. Environmental Council of Concrete Organization. http://www.p2pays.org/ref/14/13608.pdf
  • Edwards, B. (1999). Sustainable architecture: European directives and building design. Butterworth Architecture.
  • Eguchi, K., Teranishi, K., Nakagome, A., Kishimoto, H., Shinozaki, K., & Narikawa, M. (2007). Application of recycled coarse aggregate by mixture to concrete construction. Construction and Building Materials, 21(7), 1542–1551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.12.023
  • Elhakam, A. A., Mohamed, A. E., & Awad, E. (2012). Influence of self-healing, mixing method and adding silica fume on mechanical properties of recycled aggregates concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 421–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.013
  • Etxeberria, M., Vázquez, E., Marí, A., & Barra, M. (2007). Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(5), 735–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.02.002
  • Evangelista, L., & Brito, J. D. (2007). Environmental life cycle assessment of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Portugal Sb07-Sustainable Construction, Materials and Practices: Challenge of the Industry for the New Millennium, Pts, 1, 789–794.
  • Evangelista, L., & Brito, J. D. (2010). Durability performance of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.09.005
  • Evangelista, L., & de Brito, J. (2007). Mechanical behaviour of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 29(5), 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.12.004
  • Faella, C., Lima, C., Martinelli, E., Pepe, M., & Realfonzo, R. (2016). Mechanical and durability performance of sustainable structural concretes: an experimental study. Cement and Concrete Composites, 71, 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.05.009
  • Feng, Z., Zhao, Y., Zeng, W., Lu, Z., & Shah, S. P. (2020). Using microbial carbonate precipitation to improve the properties of recycled fine aggregate and mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 230, 116949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116949
  • Ferreira, L., Brito, J. D., & Barra, M. (2011). Influence of the pre-saturation of recycled coarse concrete aggregates on concrete properties. Magazine of Concrete Research, 63(8), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2011.63.8.617
  • Fraj, A. B., & Idir, R. (2017). Concrete based on recycled aggregates–Recycling and environmental analysis: A case study of Paris’ region. Construction and Building Materials, 157, 952–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.059
  • Frondistou-Yannas, S. (1977). Waste concrete as aggregate for new concrete. Journal Proceedings, 74(8), 373–376.
  • Gayarre, F. L., Perez, C. L.-C., Lopez, M. A. S., & Cabo, A. D. (2014). The effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 53, 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.112
  • Gayarre, F. L., Pérez, J. G., Pérez, C. L.-C., López, M. S., & Martínez, A. L. (2016). Life cycle assessment for concrete kerbs manufactured with recycled aggregates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 113, 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.093
  • Geng, J., & Sun, J. (2013). Characteristics of the carbonation resistance of recycled fine aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 49, 814–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.090
  • Gómez-Soberón, J. M. (2002). Porosity of recycled concrete with substitution of recycled concrete aggregate: An experimental study. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(8), 1301–1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00795-0
  • Grabiec, A. M., Klama, J., Zawal, D., & Krupa, D. (2012). Modification of recycled concrete aggregate by calcium carbonate biodeposition. Construction and Building Materials, 34, 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.027
  • Gupta, S., Kua, H. W., & Low, C. Y. (2018). Use of biochar as carbon sequestering additive in cement mortar. Cement and Concrete Composites, 87, 110–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.12.009
  • Hanif, A., Kim, Y., Usman, M., & Park, C. (2018). Optimization of steam-curing regime for recycled aggregate concrete incorporating high early strength cement—A parametric study. Materials, 11(12), 2487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106062 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122487
  • Hansen, T. C., & Narud, H. (1983). Strength of recycled concrete made from crushed concrete coarse aggregate. Concrete International, 5(1), 79–83.
  • Huda, S. B., & Alam, M. S. (2014). Mechanical behavior of three generations of 100% repeated recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 65, 574–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.010
  • J. C. Institute, Tokyo. (2011). Recycled aggregate for concrete-class H.
  • J. C. Institute, Tokyo. (2012a). Recycled concrete using recycled aggregate class M.
  • J. C. Institute, Tokyo. (2012b). Recycled concrete using recycled aggregate class L.
  • Jiménez, C., Barra, M., Josa, A., & Valls, S. (2015). LCA of recycled and conventional concretes designed using the equivalent mortar volume and classic methods. Construction and Building Materials, 84, 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.051
  • Juan, M. S. G., & A, P. (2004). Influence of recycled aggregate quality on concrete properties. In International RILEM Conference: The Use of Recycled Materials in Building and Structure, Spain (pp. 545–553). https://doi.org/10.1617/2912143756.060
  • K. S. Association, Korea. (2002). Recycled aggregates for concrete.
  • Kanema, J. M., Eid, J., & Taibi, S. (2016). Shrinkage of earth concrete amended with recycled aggregates and superplasticizer: Impact on mechanical properties and cracks. Materials & Design, 109, 378–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.025
  • Kang, H., & Kee, S.-H. (2017). Improving the quality of mixed recycled coarse aggregates from construction and demolition waste using heavy media separation with Fe3O4 suspension. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8753659
  • Kapoor, K., Singh, S., & Singh, B. (2016). Durability of self-compacting concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates and mineral admixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 128, 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.026
  • Katkhuda, H., & Shatarat, N. (2017). Improving the mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregate using chopped basalt fibers and acid treatment. Construction and Building Materials, 140, 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.128
  • Katz, A. (2004). Treatments for the improvement of recycled aggregate. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 16(6), 597–603. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:6(597)
  • Kazmi, S. M. S., Munir, M. J., Wu, Y.-F., Patnaikuni, I., Zhou, Y., & Xing, F. (2020). Effect of different aggregate treatment techniques on the freeze–thaw and sulfate resistance of recycled aggregate concrete. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 178, 103126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103126
  • Khatib, J. M. (2005). Properties of concrete incorporating fine recycled aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(4), 763–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.017
  • Kim, K.-H., Jeon, S.-E., Kim, J.-K., & Yang, S. (2003). An experimental study on thermal conductivity of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 33(3), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00965-1
  • Kisku, N., Joshi, H., Ansari, M., Panda, S., Nayak, S., & Dutta, S. C. (2017). A critical review and assessment for usage of recycled aggregate as sustainable construction material. Construction and Building Materials, 131, 721–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.029
  • Kleijer, A., Lasvaux, S., Citherlet, S., & Viviani, M. (2017). Product-specific Life Cycle Assessment of ready mix concrete: Comparison between a recycled and an ordinary concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 122, 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.02.004
  • Knoeri, C., Sanyé-Mengual, E., & Althaus, H.-J. (2013). Comparative LCA of recycled and conventional concrete for structural applications. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18(5), 909–918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0544-2
  • Kong, D., Lei, T., Zheng, J., Ma, C., Jiang, J., & Jiang, J. (2010). Effect and mechanism of surface-coating pozzalanics materials around aggregate on properties and ITZ microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 24(5), 701–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.038
  • Kou, S. C., Poon, C. S., & Chan, D. (2008). Influence of fly ash as a cement addition on the hardened properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Materials and Structures, 41(7), 1191–1201. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9317-y
  • Kou, S., & Poon, C. (2009). Properties of self-compacting concrete prepared with coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(9), 622–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.06.005
  • Kou, S.-C., & Poon, C.-S. (2008). Mechanical properties of 5-year-old concrete prepared with recycled aggregates obtained from three different sources. Magazine of Concrete Research, 60(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2007.00052
  • Kou, S.-C., & Poon, C.-S. (2009). Properties of concrete prepared with crushed fine stone, furnace bottom ash and fine recycled aggregate as fine aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 23(8), 2877–2886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.009
  • Kou, S.-C., & Poon, C.-S. (2013). Long-term mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete prepared with the incorporation of fly ash. Cement and Concrete Composites, 37, 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.12.011
  • Kou, S.-C., & Poon, C.-S. (2015). Effect of the quality of parent concrete on the properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 77, 501–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.035
  • Kou, S.-C., Zhan, B-j., & Poon, C.-S. (2014). Use of a CO2 curing step to improve the properties of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 45, 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.008
  • Kou, S.-C., & Poon, C. (2012). Enhancing the durability properties of concrete prepared with coarse recycled aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.032
  • Kurad, R., Silvestre, J. D., de Brito, J., & Ahmed, H. (2017). Effect of incorporation of high volume of recycled concrete aggregates and fly ash on the strength and global warming potential of concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 166, 485–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.236
  • Kurda, R., de Brito, J., & Silvestre, J. D. (2017). Combined influence of recycled concrete aggregates and high contents of fly ash on concrete properties. Construction and Building Materials, 157, 554–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.128
  • Lauritzen, E. (1998). The global challenge of recycled concrete. In Sustainable Construction: Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate: Proceedings of the International Symposium organised by the Concrete Technology Unit, University of Dundee and held at the Department of Trade and Industry Conference Centre., on 11–12 November 1998 (pp. 505–519). Thomas Telford Publishing.
  • Lee, G., & Choi, H. (2013). Study on interfacial transition zone properties of recycled aggregate by micro-hardness test. Construction and Building Materials, 40, 455–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.114
  • Lei, B., & Xiao, J.-Z. (2008). Research on carbonation resistance of recycled aggregate concrete. Journal of Building Materials, 5, 605–611.
  • Li, J., Xiao, H., & Zhou, Y. (2009). Influence of coating recycled aggregate surface with pozzolanic powder on properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(3), 1287–1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.07.019
  • Li, W. (2002). Composition analysis of construction and demolition waste and enhancing waste reduction and recycling in construction industry in Hong Kong. Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
  • Li, W., Luo, Z., Long, C., Wu, C., Duan, W. H., & Shah, S. P. (2016). Effects of nanoparticle on the dynamic behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete under impact loading. Materials & Design, 112, 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.045
  • Li, W., Xiao, J., Sun, Z., Kawashima, S., & Shah, S. P. (2012). Interfacial transition zones in recycled aggregate concrete with different mixing approaches. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 1045–1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.022
  • Li, X. (2008). Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in China: Part I. Material behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53(1–2), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.09.006
  • Liang, C., Pan, B., Ma, Z., He, Z., & Duan, Z. (2020). Utilization of CO2 curing to enhance the properties of recycled aggregate and prepared concrete: A review. Cement and Concrete Composites, 105, 103446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103446
  • Limbachiya, M., Koulouris, A., Roberts, J., & Fried, A. (2004). Performance of recycled aggregate concrete. In Proceeding of RILEM International Symposium on Environment-Conscious Materials and Systems for Sustainable Development (pp. 127–136). https://doi.org/10.1617/2912143640.015
  • Limbachiya, M., Meddah, M. S., & Ouchagour, Y. (2011). Use of recycled concrete aggregate in fly-ash concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 27(1), 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.023
  • Liu, K., Yan, J., Hu, Q., Sun, Y., & Zou, C. (2016). Effects of parent concrete and mixing method on the resistance to freezing and thawing of air-entrained recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 106, 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.074
  • Liu, S., & Yan, P. (2007). Properties and microstructure of high performance recycled aggregate concrete. Journal-Chinese Ceramic Society, 35(4), 456.
  • Liu, Z., Cai, C., Peng, H., & Fan, F. (2016). Experimental study of the geopolymeric recycled aggregate concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(9), 04016077. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001584
  • López-Gayarre, F., Serna, P., Domingo-Cabo, A., Serrano-López, M., & López-Colina, C. (2009). Influence of recycled aggregate quality and proportioning criteria on recycled concrete properties. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 29(12), 3022–3028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.07.010
  • M. d. F. EHE, Madrid. (2000). Instrucción de hormigón structural
  • Malešev, M., Radonjanin, V., & Marinković, S. (2010). Recycled concrete as aggregate for structural concrete production. Sustainability, 2(5), 1204–1225. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2051204
  • Marie, I., & Quiasrawi, H. (2012). Closed-loop recycling of recycled concrete aggregates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 37, 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.020
  • Marinković, S., Dragaš, J., Ignjatović, I., & Tošić, N. (2017). Environmental assessment of green concretes for structural use. Journal of Cleaner Production, 154, 633–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.015
  • Marinković, S., Habert, G., Ignjatović, I., Dragaš, J., Tošić, N., & Brumaud, C. (2016). Life cycle analysis of recycled aggregate concrete with fly ash as partial cement replacement. Expanding Boundaries: Systems Thinking in the Built Environment (pp. 390–396).
  • Marinković, S., Malešev, M., & Ignjatović, I. (2014). Life cycle assessment (LCA) of concrete made using recycled concrete or natural aggregates. In F. Pacheco-Torgal, L.F. Cabeza, J. Labrincha, A. de Magalhaes (Eds.), Eco-Efficient Construction and Building (pp. 239–266), Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK.
  • Marinković, S., Radonjanin, V., Malešev, M., & Ignjatović, I. (2010). Comparative environmental assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 30(11), 2255–2264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.04.012
  • Martirena, F., Castaño, T., Alujas, A., Orozco-Morales, R., Martinez, L., & Linsel, S. (2017). Improving quality of coarse recycled aggregates through cement coating. Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 6(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2016.1234983
  • Mas, B., Cladera, A., Bestard, J., Muntaner, D., López, C. E., Piña, S., & Prades, J. (2012). Concrete with mixed recycled aggregates: Influence of the type of cement. Construction and Building Materials, 34, 430–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.092
  • Matias, D., De Brito, J., Rosa, A., & Pedro, D. (2013). Mechanical properties of concrete produced with recycled coarse aggregates – Influence of the use of superplasticizers. Construction and Building Materials, 44, 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.011
  • Matias, D., de Brito, J., Rosa, A., & Pedro, D. (2014). Durability of concrete with recycled coarse aggregates: influence of superplasticizers. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(7), 06014011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000961
  • McNeil, K., & Kang, T. H.-K. (2013). Recycled concrete aggregates: A review. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 7(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-013-0032-5
  • Mills-Beale, J., & You, Z. (2010). The mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures with recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 24(3), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.046
  • Mohammadinia, A., Arulrajah, A., Disfani, M. M., & Darmawan, S. (2019). Small-strain behavior of cement-stabilized recycled concrete aggregate in pavement base layers. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(5), 04019044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002671
  • Nelson, S. C. N. (2004). High-strength structural concrete with recycled aggregates. BSc Engineering.
  • Ogawa, H., & Nawa, T. (2012). Improving the quality of recycled fine aggregate by selective removal of brittle defects. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 10(12), 395–410. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.10.395
  • Oikonomou, N. D. (2005). Recycled concrete aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 27(2), 315–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.020
  • Otsuki, N., Miyazato, S-i., & Yodsudjai, W. (2003). Influence of recycled aggregate on interfacial transition zone, strength, chloride penetration and carbonation of concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 15(5), 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:5(443)
  • Ozbakkaloglu, T., Gholampour, A., & Xie, T. (2018). Mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete: effect of recycled aggregate properties and content. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(2), 04017275. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002142
  • Padmini, A., Ramamurthy, K., & Mathews, M. (2009). Influence of parent concrete on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 829–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.03.006
  • Pedro, D. d., Brito, J. D., & Evangelista, L. (2017). Structural concrete with simultaneous incorporation of fine and coarse recycled concrete aggregates: Mechanical, durability and long-term properties. Construction and Building Materials, 154, 294–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.215
  • Pedro, D., Brito, J. D., & Evangelista, L. (2014). Influence of the use of recycled concrete aggregates from different sources on structural concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 71, 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.030
  • Peng, C.-L., Scorpio, D. E., & Kibert, C. J. (1997). Strategies for successful construction and demolition waste recycling operations. Construction Management and Economics, 15(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461997373105
  • Pereira, P., Evangelista, L., & Brito, J. D. (2012). The effect of superplasticisers on the workability and compressive strength of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 28(1), 722–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.050
  • Poon, C. S., & Chan, D. (2006). Feasible use of recycled concrete aggregates and crushed clay brick as unbound road sub-base. Construction and Building Materials, 20(8), 578–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.045
  • Poon, C., Shui, Z., Lam, L., Fok, H., & Kou, S. (2004). Influence of moisture states of natural and recycled aggregates on the slump and compressive strength of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00186-8
  • Poon, C.-S., & Chan, D. (2007). Effects of contaminants on the properties of concrete paving blocks prepared with recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 21(1), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.031
  • Poon, C.-S., Kou, S.-C., & Chan, D. (2006). Influence of steam curing on hardened properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research, 58(5), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2006.58.5.289
  • Qiu, J., Tng, D. Q. S., & Yang, E.-H. (2014). Surface treatment of recycled concrete aggregates through microbial carbonate precipitation. Construction and Building Materials, 57, 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.085
  • Rahal, K. (2007). Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate. Building and Environment, 42(1), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.033
  • Rao, M. C., Bhattacharyya, S., & Barai, S. (2011). Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete. Materials and Structures, 44(1), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-010-9620-x
  • Real, S., Gomes, M. G., Rodrigues, A. M., & Bogas, J. A. (2016). Contribution of structural lightweight aggregate concrete to the reduction of thermal bridging effect in buildings. Construction and Building Materials, 121, 460–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.018
  • RILEM. (1994). Materials and structures
  • Rockson, C., Tamanna, K., Alam, M. S., & Rteil, A. (2020). Effect of cover on bond strength of structural concrete using commercially produced recycled coarse and fine aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 255, 119275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119275
  • Safiuddin, M., Alengaram, U. J., Rahman, M. M., Salam, M. A., & Jumaat, M. Z. (2013). Use of recycled concrete aggregate in concrete: A review. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 19(6), 796–810. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.799093
  • Safiuddin, M., Salam, M., & Jumaat, M. (2011). Effects of recycled concrete aggregate on the fresh properties of self-consolidating concrete. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 11(4), 1023–1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1644-9665(12)60093-4
  • Safiuddin, M., West, J. S., & Soudki, K. A. (2011). Air content of self-consolidating concrete and its mortar phase including rice husk ash. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 17(3), 319–329. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2011.589225
  • Sagoe-Crentsil, K. K., Brown, T., & Taylor, A. H. (2001). Performance of concrete made with commercially produced coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 31(5), 707–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00476-2
  • Sakai, K. (2007). The new century of concrete technologies – Introduction of environmental axis. In TCGJSCE JOINT SEMINAR on Concrete: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives, Daegu (Korea).
  • Salem, R. M., & Burdette, E. G. (1998). Role of chemical and mineral admixtures on the physical properties and frost-resistance of recycled aggregate concrete. Materials Journal, 95(5), 558–563.
  • Salem, R. M., Burdette, E. G., & Jackson, N. M. (2003). Resistance to freezing and thawing of recycled aggregate concrete. Materials Journal, 100(3), 216–221.
  • ScienceDaily. (2019). Why not recycled concrete? Retrieved August 16, 2019, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160208183451.htm
  • Šeps, K., Fládr, J., & Broukalová, I. (2016). Resistance of recycled aggregate concrete to freeze–thaw and deicing salts. Procedia Engineering, 151, 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.367
  • Serres, N., Braymand, S., & Feugeas, F. (2016). Environmental evaluation of concrete made from recycled concrete aggregate implementing life cycle assessment. Journal of Building Engineering, 5, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.11.004
  • Shehata, M. H., Christidis, C., Mikhaiel, W., Rogers, C., & Lachemi, M. (2010). Reactivity of reclaimed concrete aggregate produced from concrete affected by alkali–silica reaction. Cement and Concrete Research, 40(4), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.008
  • Shetty, M. (2005). Concrete technology (pp. 420–453). S. Chand & Company LTD.
  • Silva, R., Neves, R., Brito, J. D., & Dhir, R. (2015). Carbonation behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 62, 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.04.017
  • Sim, J., & Park, C. (2011). Compressive strength and resistance to chloride ion penetration and carbonation of recycled aggregate concrete with varying amount of fly ash and fine recycled aggregate. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 31(11), 2352–2360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.014
  • Singh, N., & Singh, S. (2016). Carbonation resistance and microstructural analysis of low and high volume fly ash self compacting concrete containing recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 127, 828–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.067
  • Snyder, M. B. V., & M, J. (1993). New research and practice in the recycling of concrete. In Presented at the Concrete Technology Seminars-7: The Evolving World of Concrete, Michigan State University.
  • Spaeth, V., & Djerbi-Tegguer, A. (2013). Treatment of recycled concrete aggregates by Si-based polymers. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 7, 16–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1332876
  • Spaeth, V., & Tegguer, A. D. (2013). Improvement of recycled concrete aggregate properties by polymer treatments. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 2(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.03.003
  • Sun, J.-Y., & Geng, J. (2012). Effect of particle size and content of recycled fine aggregate on frost resistance of concrete. Journal of Building Materials, 3, 382–385
  • Tabsh, S. W., & Abdelfatah, A. S. (2009). Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 1163–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.06.007
  • Tam, V. W., & Tam, C. M. (2007). Assessment of durability of recycled aggregate concrete produced by two-stage mixing approach. Journal of Materials Science, 42(10), 3592–3602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0379-y
  • Tam, V. W., Gao, X., & Tam, C. (2006). Quality improvement of recycled aggregate concrete. Key Engineering Materials, 302–303, 308–313. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.302-303.308
  • Thomas, C., De Brito, J., Cimentada, A., & Sainz-Aja, J. (2020). Macro- and micro-properties of multi-recycled aggregate concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 245, 118843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118843
  • Thomas, C., Setién, J., & Polanco, J. (2016). Structural recycled aggregate concrete made with precast wastes. Construction and Building Materials, 114, 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.203
  • Thomas, C., Setién, J., Polanco, J., Alaejos, P., & De Juan, M. S. (2013). Durability of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 40, 1054–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.106
  • Thomas, J., Thaickavil, N. N., & Wilson, P. (2018). Strength and durability of concrete containing recycled concrete aggregates. Journal of Building Engineering, 19, 349–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.05.007
  • Timothy, M. A., & Townsend, G. (2017, January 4). Benefits of construction and demolition debris recycling in united states. Retrieved August 9, 2019, from https://cdrecycling.org/site/assets/files/1050/cdra_benefits_of_cd_recycling_final_revised_2017
  • Topcu, I. B., & Şengel, S. (2004). Properties of concretes produced with waste concrete aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(8), 1307–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.12.019
  • Topçu, B., & Günçan, N. F. (1995). Using waste concrete as aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 25(7), 1385–1390. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00131-U
  • Tošić, N., Marinković, S., Dašić, T., & Stanić, M. (2015). Multicriteria optimization of natural and recycled aggregate concrete for structural use. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 766–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.070
  • Tsujino, M., Noguchi, T., Tamura, M., Kanematsu, M., & Maruyama, I. (2007). Application of conventionally recycled coarse aggregate to concrete structure by surface modification treatment. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 5(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.5.13
  • Tu, T.-Y., Chen, Y.-Y., & Hwang, C.-L. (2006). Properties of HPC with recycled aggregates. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(5), 943–950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.022
  • Turk, J., Cotič, Z., Mladenovič, A., & Šajna, A. (2015). Environmental evaluation of green concretes versus conventional concrete by means of LCA. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 45, 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.035
  • Tuyan, M., Mardani-Aghabaglou, A., & Ramyar, K. (2014). Freeze–thaw resistance, mechanical and transport properties of self-consolidating concrete incorporating coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Materials & Design, 53, 983–991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.100
  • Uchiyama, S., Kuroda, Y., & Hashida, H. (2003). Deep mixing stabilization using concrete powder from recycled aggregate production by heating and rubbing. The Foundation Engineering & Equipment (pp. 62–65).
  • Ugwu, O., & Haupt, T. (2007). Key performance indicators and assessment methods for infrastructure sustainability—A South African construction industry perspective. Building and Environment, 42(2), 665–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.018
  • Urban, K., & Sicakova, A. (2017). The influence of kind of coating additive on the compressive strength of RCA-based concrete prepared by triple-mixing method. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 92, 012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/92/1/012069
  • Vázquez, E., Barra, M., Aponte, D., Jiménez, C., & Valls, S. (2014). Improvement of the durability of concrete with recycled aggregates in chloride exposed environment. Construction and Building Materials, 67, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.028
  • W. B. O. H. Kong, Hong Kong. (2002). Specifications facilitating the use of recycled aggregates.
  • Wade, M., Cuttell, G., Vandenbossche, J., Yu, H., Smith, K., & Snyder, M. "Performance of concrete pavements containing recycled concrete aggregate," (1997).
  • Wang, J., Vandevyvere, B., Vanhessche, S., Schoon, J., Boon, N., & De Belie, N. (2017). Microbial carbonate precipitation for the improvement of quality of recycled aggregates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 156, 355–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.051
  • Wang, L., Wang, J., Qian, X., Chen, P., Xu, Y., & Guo, J. (2017). An environmentally friendly method to improve the quality of recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 144, 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.191
  • Wu, C.-R., Zhu, Y.-G., Zhang, X.-T., & Kou, S.-C. (2018). Improving the properties of recycled concrete aggregate with bio-deposition approach. Cement and Concrete Composites, 94, 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.09.012
  • Xiao, J., Li, J., & Zhang, C. (2005). Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial loading. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(6), 1187–1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.020
  • Xuan, D., Zhan, B., & Poon, C. S. (2017). Durability of recycled aggregate concrete prepared with carbonated recycled concrete aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 84, 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.09.015
  • Yang, J., Du, Q., & Bao, Y. (2011). Concrete with recycled concrete aggregate and crushed clay bricks. Construction and Building Materials, 25(4), 1935–1945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.063
  • Yang, K.-H., Chung, H.-S., & Ashour, A. F. (2008). Influence of type and replacement level of recycled aggregates on concrete properties. ACI Materials Journal, 105(3), 289–296.
  • Yildirim, S. T., Meyer, C., & Herfellner, S. (2015). Effects of internal curing on the strength, drying shrinkage and freeze–thaw resistance of concrete containing recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 91, 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.045
  • Ying, C. A. W. J. M. (2015). Frost resistance test of steel fiber rubber recycled concrete. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 32(4), 933–941. https://doi.org/10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20141022.006
  • Yong, P., & Teo, D. (2009). Utilisation of recycled aggregate as coarse aggregate in concrete. Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology, 1(1), 1–6.
  • Yrjanson, W. (1989). Recycling of Portland cement concrete pavements. Synthesis of highway practice 154. National Cooperative Highway Research Program. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council Washington, DC.
  • Yue, G. B., Li, Q. Y., Luo, J. L., & Guo, Y. X. (2017). Influence of quality and replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate on the frost resistance of recycled concrete. Materials Science Forum, 898, 2046–2049. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.898.2046
  • Zaetang, Y., Sata, V., Wongsa, A., & Chindaprasirt, P. (2016). Properties of pervious concrete containing recycled concrete block aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 111, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.060
  • Zaharieva, R., Buyle-Bodin, F., & Wirquin, E. (2004). Frost resistance of recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(10), 1927–1932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.02.025
  • Zaharieva, R., Buyle-Bodin, F., Skoczylas, F., & Wirquin, E. (2003). Assessment of the surface permeation properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(2), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00010-0
  • Zhan, B. J., Poon, C. S., & Shi, C. J. (2016). Materials characteristics affecting CO2 curing of concrete blocks containing recycled aggregates. Cement and Concrete Composites, 67, 50–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.12.003
  • Zhan, M., Pan, G., Wang, Y., Fu, M., & Lu, X. (2020). Recycled aggregate mortar enhanced by microbial calcite precipitation. Magazine of Concrete Research, 72(12), 622–633. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.18.00417
  • Zhang, J., Shi, C., Li, Y., Pan, X., Poon, C.-S., & Xie, Z. (2015). Performance enhancement of recycled concrete aggregates through carbonation. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(11), 04015029. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001296
  • Zhang, J., Shi, C., Li, Y., Pan, X., Poon, C.-S., & Xie, Z. (2015). Influence of carbonated recycled concrete aggregate on properties of cement mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 98, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.087
  • Zhao, Z., Wang, S., Lu, L., & Gong, C. (2013). Evaluation of pre-coated recycled aggregate for concrete and mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 191–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.032
  • Zhu, L., Dai, J., Bai, G., & Zhang, F. (2015). Study on thermal properties of recycled aggregate concrete and recycled concrete blocks. Construction and Building Materials, 94, 620–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.058
  • Zhu, P., Hao, Y., Liu, H., Wang, X., & Gu, L. (2020). Durability evaluation of recycled aggregate concrete in a complex environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 273, 122569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122569
  • Zhu, Y.-G., Kou, S.-C., Poon, C.-S., Dai, J.-G., & Li, Q.-Y. (2013). Influence of silane-based water repellent on the durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 35(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.008
  • Zong, L., Fei, Z., & Zhang, S. (2014). Permeability of recycled aggregate concrete containing fly ash and clay brick waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 70, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.02.040

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.