1,562
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Effect of azithromycin on a red complex polymicrobial biofilm

, , , ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Article: 1339579 | Received 15 Mar 2017, Accepted 05 Jun 2017, Published online: 16 Jun 2017

References

  • Petersilka GJ, Ehmke B, Flemmig TF. Antimicrobial effects of mechanical debridement. Periodontol 2000. 2002;28:1–7.
  • Gordon J, Walker C, Lamster I, et al. Efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride in refractory periodontitis. 12-month results. J Periodontol. 1985;56:75–80.
  • van Winkelhoff AJ, Tijhof CJ, de Graaff J. Microbiological and clinical results of metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1992;63:52–57.
  • Slots J. Low-cost periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000. 2012;60:110–137.
  • Addy M, Wright R. Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial properties of providone iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinses. J Clin Periodontol. 1978;5:198–205.
  • Fine DH, Furgang D, Barnett ML. Comparative antimicrobial activities of antiseptic mouthrinses against isogenic planktonic and biofilm forms of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28:697–700.
  • Kara D, Luppens SB, Cate JM. Differences between single- and dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula in growth, acidogenicity and susceptibility to chlorhexidine. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;114:58–63.
  • Noiri Y, Okami Y, Narimatsu M, et al. Effects of chlorhexidine, minocycline, and metronidazole on Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381 in biofilms. J Periodontol. 2003;74:1647–1651.
  • Appelbaum PC, Chatterton SA. Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to ten antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978;14:371–376.
  • Baker PJ, Slots J, Genco RJ, et al. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of various antimicrobial agents for human oral anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983;24:420–424.
  • Newman MG, Hulem C, Colgate J, et al. Antibacterial susceptibility of plaque bacteria. J Dent Res. 1979;58:1722–1732.
  • Poulet PP, Duffaut D, Lodter JP. Metronidazole susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria associated with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1999;26:261–263.
  • Sbordone L, Barone A, Ramaglia L, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of periodontopathic bacteria associated with failing implants. J Periodontol. 1995;66:69–74.
  • Slots J, Evans RT, Lobbins PM, et al. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980;18:9–12.
  • Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, et al. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25:134–144.
  • Byrne SJ, Dashper SG, Darby IB, et al. Progression of chronic periodontitis can be predicted by the levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in subgingival plaque. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2009;24:469–477.
  • Kesavalu L, Sathishkumar S, Bakthavatchalu V, et al. Rat model of polymicrobial infection, immunity, and alveolar bone resorption in periodontal disease. Infect Immun. 2007;75:1704–1712.
  • Belibasakis GN, Thurnheer T. Validation of antibiotic efficacy on in vitro subgingival biofilms. J Periodontol. 2014;85:343–348.
  • Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Soares GM, et al. Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2015;67:131–186.
  • Mombelli A, Cionca N, Almaghlouth A, et al. Are there specific benefits of amoxicillin plus metronidazole in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis? Double-masked, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. J Periodontol. 2013;84:715–724.
  • Amsden GW. Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin: are the differences real? Clin Ther. 1996;18:56–72; discussion 55.
  • Gomi K, Yashima A, Nagano T, et al. Effects of full-mouth scaling and root planing in conjunction with systemically administered azithromycin. J Periodontol. 2007;78:422–429.
  • Haas AN, de Castro GD, Moreno T, et al. Azithromycin as an adjunctive treatment of aggressive periodontitis: 12-months randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:696–704.
  • Hirsch R, Deng H, Laohachai MN. Azithromycin in periodontal treatment: more than an antibiotic. J Periodontal Res. 2012;47:137–148.
  • Sefton AM, Maskell JP, Beighton D, et al. Azithromycin in the treatment of periodontal disease. Effect on Microbial Flora. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23:998–1003.
  • Yashima A, Gomi K, Maeda N, et al. One-stage full-mouth versus partial-mouth scaling and root planing during the effective half-life of systemically administered azithromycin. J Periodontol. 2009;80:1406–1413.
  • Retsema J, Girard A, Schelkly W, et al. Spectrum and mode of action of azithromycin (CP-62,993), a new 15-membered-ring macrolide with improved potency against gram-negative organisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987;31:1939–1947.
  • Bartold PM, du Bois AH, Gannon S, et al. Antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties of azithromycin treatment implications for periodontitis. Inflammopharmacology. 2013;21:321–338.
  • Leschine SB, Canale-Parola E. Rifampin as a selective agent for isolation of oral spirochetes. J Clin Microbiol. 1980;12:792–795.
  • Kesavalu L, Walker SG, Holt SC, et al. Virulence characteristics of oral treponemes in a murine model. Infect Immun. 1997;65:5096–5102.
  • Orth R, O’Brien-Simpson N, Dashper S, et al. An efficient method for enumerating oral spirochetes using flow cytometry. J Microbiol Methods. 2010;80:123–128.
  • Dashper S, O’Brien-Simpson N, Liu SW, et al. Oxantel disrupts polymicrobial biofilm development of periodontal pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58:378–385.
  • Dashper SG, Pan Y, Veith PD, et al. Lactoferrin inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis proteinases and has sustained biofilm inhibitory activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:1548–1556.
  • Colombo AP, Boches SK, Cotton SL, et al. Comparisons of subgingival microbial profiles of refractory periodontitis, severe periodontitis, and periodontal health using the human oral microbe identification microarray. J Periodontol. 2009;80:1421–1432.
  • Ximenez-Fyvie LA, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbial composition of supra- and subgingival plaque in subjects with adult periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27:722–732.
  • Zijnge V, van Leeuwen MB, Degener JE, et al. Oral biofilm architecture on natural teeth. PLoS One. 2010;5:e9321.
  • Vesey PM, Kuramitsu HK. Genetic analysis of Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 biofilm formation. Microbiology. 2004;150:2401–2407.
  • Davey ME, Duncan MJ. Enhanced biofilm formation and loss of capsule synthesis: deletion of a putative glycosyltransferase in Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Bacteriol. 2006;188:5510–5523.
  • Yamada M, Ikegami A, Kuramitsu HK. Synergistic biofilm formation by Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005;250:271–277.
  • Onagawa M, Ishihara K, Okuda K. Coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 1994;35:171–181.
  • Grenier D. Nutritional interactions between two suspected periodontopathogens, Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun. 1992;60:5298–5301.
  • Ikegami A, Honma K, Sharma A, et al. Multiple functions of the leucine-rich repeat protein LrrA of Treponema denticola. Infect Immun. 2004;72:4619–4627.
  • Sharma A, Inagaki S, Sigurdson W, et al. Synergy between Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum in biofilm formation. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2005;20:39–42.
  • Yoneda M, Yoshikane T, Motooka N, et al. Stimulation of growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis by cell extracts from Tannerella forsythia. J Periodontal Res. 2005;40:105–109.
  • Kuramitsu HK, Chen W, Ikegami A. Biofilm formation by the periodontopathic bacteria Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol. 2005;76:2047–2051.
  • Zhu Y, Dashper SG, Chen YY, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola synergistic polymicrobial biofilm development. PLoS One. 2013;8:e71727.
  • Soares GM, Teles F, Starr JR, et al. Effects of azithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole plus amoxicillin on an in vitro polymicrobial subgingival biofilm model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:2791–2798.
  • Tenenbaum H, Jehl F, Gallion C, et al. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24:804–807.
  • Pahkla ER, Koppel T, Saag M, et al. Metronidazole concentrations in plasma, saliva and periodontal pockets in patients with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:163–166.
  • Muniz FW, de Oliveira CC, de Sousa Carvalho R, et al. Azithromycin: a new concept in adjuvant treatment of periodontitis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;705:135–139.
  • Sampaio E, Rocha M, Figueiredo LC, et al. Clinical and microbiological effects of azithromycin in the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38:838–846.
  • Schreiber F, Szewzyk U. Environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceuticals influence the initial adhesion of bacteria. Aquat Toxicol. 2008;87:227–233.
  • Maezono H, Noiri Y, Asahi Y, et al. Antibiofilm effects of azithromycin and erythromycin on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55:5887–5892.
  • Tamura A, Ara T, Imamura Y, et al. The effects of antibiotics on in vitro biofilm model of periodontal disease. Eur J Med Res. 2008;13:439–445.
  • Jain N, Lai PC, Walters JD. Effect of gingivitis on azithromycin concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontol. 2012;83:1122–1128.
  • Lai PC, Ho W, Jain N, et al. Azithromycin concentrations in blood and gingival crevicular fluid after systemic administration. J Periodontol. 2011;82:1582–1586.
  • Haffajee AD, Patel M, Socransky SS. Microbiological changes associated with four different periodontal therapies for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2008;23:148–157.
  • van Winkelhoff AJ, Herrera D, Oteo A, et al. Antimicrobial profiles of periodontal pathogens isolated from periodontitis patients in The Netherlands and Spain. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:893–898.
  • Haffajee AD, Torresyap G, Socransky SS. Clinical changes following four different periodontal therapies for the treatment of chronic periodontitis: 1-year results. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34:243–253.
  • Lindhe J, Liljenberg B, Adielson B, et al. Use of metronidazole as a probe in the study of human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1983;10:100–112.
  • Listgarten MA, Lindhe J, Hellden L. Effect of tetracycline and/or scaling on human periodontal disease. Clinical, microbiological, and histological observations. J Clin Periodontol. 1978;5:246–2471.
  • Dastoor SF, Travan S, Neiva RF, et al. Effect of adjunctive systemic azithromycin with periodontal surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers: a pilot study. J Periodontol. 2007;78:1887–1896.
  • Mombelli A, Gusberti FA, Lang NP. Treatment of recurrent periodontal disease by root planing and Ornidazole (Tiberal). Clinical and microbiological findings. J Clin Periodontol. 1989;16:38–45.
  • Soares GM, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, et al. Mechanisms of action of systemic antibiotics used in periodontal treatment and mechanisms of bacterial resistance to these drugs. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20:295–309.
  • Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet. 2001;358:135–138.
  • Teles R, Teles F, Frias-Lopez J, et al. Lessons learned and unlearned in periodontal microbiology. Periodontol 2000. 2013;62:95–162.
  • Larsen T. Susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis in biofilms to amoxicillin, doxycycline and metronidazole. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2002;17:267–271.
  • Wright TL, Ellen RP, Lacroix JM, et al. Effects of metronidazole on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. J Periodontal Res. 1997;32:473–477.