Mucus is more than just a physical barrier for trapping oral microorganisms

References

• Frenkel ES, Ribbeck K. Salivary mucins in host defense and disease prevention. J Oral Microbiol. 2015;7:29759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannig C, Hannig M, Kensche A, et al. The mucosal pellicle - an underestimated factor in oral physiology. Arch Oral Biol. 2017;80:144–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder BO. Fight them or feed them: how the intestinal mucus layer manages the gut microbiota. Gastroenterol Rep. 2019;7:3–12.
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler KM, Cácamo-Oyarce G, Turner BS, et al. Mucin glycans attenuate the virulence ofPseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Nat Microbiol. 2019;4(12):2146–2154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsek MR, Singh RK. Bacterial biofilms: an emerging link to disease pathogenesis. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2003;57:677–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadikot RT, Blackwell TS, Christman JW, et al. Pathogen-host interactions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:1209–1223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivas Caldas R, Le Gall F, Revert R, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity and lungs of cystic fibrosis patients: a case-control study. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(6):1898–1907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soni P, Parihar RS, Soni LK. Opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity according to treatment status in head and neck cancer patients. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(9):DC14–DC17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza LCD, Rodrigues da Mota VR, Dos Santos Zaranza de Carvalho AV, et al. Association between pathogens from tracheal aspirate. Braz Oral Res. 2017;31:e38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong C, Aung MM, Kanagasabai K, et al. The association between oral health status and respiratory pathogen colonization with pneumonia risk in institutionalized adults. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018;16(2):e96–e102..
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slots J, Feik D, Rams TE. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Acinetobacter in human periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1990;5(3):149–154.
   Google Scholar
• Colombo AV, Barbosa GM, Higashi D, et al. Quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human oral epithelial cells from subjects with periodontitis and periodontal health. J Med Microbiol. 2013;62(Pt10):1592–1600.
   Google Scholar
• Souto R, Silva-Boghossian CM, Colombo APV. Prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and spp. in subgingival biofilm and saliva of subjects with chronic periodontal infection. Braz J Microbiol. 2014;45(2):495–501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hebshi NN, Nasher AT, Maryoud MY, et al. Inflammatory bacteriome featuring Fusobacterium nucleatum andPseudomonas aeruginosa identified in association with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenkel ES, Ribbeck K. Salivary mucins promote the coexistence of competing oral bacterial species. Isme J. 2017;11(5):1286–1290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh NL, Zhang AQ, Nobile CJ, et al. Mucins suppress virulence traits of Candida albicans. mBio. 2014;5(6):e01911–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen AML, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, et al. Salivary secretion in health and disease. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(9):730–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pramanik R, Osailan SM, Challacombe SJ, et al. Protein and mucin retention on oral mucosal surfaces in dry mouth patients. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010;118(3):245–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culp DJ, Stewart C, Wallet SM. Oral epithelial membrane-associated mucins and transcriptional changes with Sjögren’s syndrome. Oral Dis. 2019;25(5):1325–1334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Co JY, Cárcamo-Oyarce G, Billings N, et al. Mucins trigger dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2018;4:23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson NG, Nordman H, Karlsson H, et al. Glycosylation differences between pig gastric mucin populations: a comparative study of the neutral oligosaccharides using mass spectrometry. Biochem J. 1997;326(Pt 3):911–917.
   Google Scholar
• Holmen Larsson JM, Thomsson KA, Rodriguez-Pineiro AM, et al. Studies of mucus in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon. III. Gastrointestinal Muc5ac and Muc2 mucin O-glycan patterns reveal a regiospecific distribution. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2013;305:G357–G363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin C, Kenny DT, Skoog EC, et al. Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2017;16(5):743–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimenez NJ, Koch G, Thompson JA, et al. The multiple signaling systems regulating virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2012;76(1):46–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasubramanian D, Schneper L, Kumari H, et al. A dynamic and intricate regulatory network determines Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41(1):1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landry RM, An D, Hupp JT, et al. Mucin-Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions promote biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Mol Microbiol. 2006;59(1):142–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secor PR, Michaels LA, Ratjen A, et al. Entropically driven aggregation of bacteria by host polymers promotes antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(42):10780–10785.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wlodarska M, Luo C, Kolde R, et al. Indoleacrylic acid produced by commensal Peptostreptococcus species suppresses inflammation. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;22(1):25–37.e6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar