The effect of chemical hemodynamic regulation on the survival of arterialized venous flaps

References

• Nakayama Y, Soeda S, Kasai Y. Flaps nourished by arterial inflow through the venous system: an experimental investigation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1981;67: 328–334.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai TM, Matiko JD, Breidenbach W. Venous flaps in digital revascularization and replantation. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1987;3:113–119.
   Google Scholar
• Weng W, Zhang F, Zhao B, et al. The complicated role of venous drainage on the survival of arterialized venous flaps. Oncotarget. 2017;8:16414.
   Google Scholar
• Cayci C, Carlsen BT, Saint-Cyr M. Optimizing functional and aesthetic outcomes of upper limb soft tissue reconstruction. Hand Clinics. 2014;30:225–238.
   Google Scholar
• Yan H, Fan C, Zhang F, et al. Reconstruction of large dorsal digital defects with arterialized venous flaps: our experience and comprehensive review of literature. Ann Plast Surg. 2013;70:666–671.
   Google Scholar
• Yan H, Kolkin J, Zhao B, et al. The effect of hemodynamic remodeling on the survival of arterialized venous flaps. Plos One. 2013;8:e79608.
   Google Scholar
• Gribbe O¨, Lundeberg T, Samuelson UE, et al. Nitric oxide synthase activity and endothelial ultrastructure in ischaemic skin-flaps. Br J Plast Surg. 1997;50:483.
   Google Scholar
• Oshima H, Inoue H, Aihara M, et al. Physiological roles of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the epigastric island flaps of rabbits. Ann Plast Surg. 1997;39:608–614.
   Google Scholar
• Kane AJ, Barker JE, Mitchell GM, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity promotes ischaemic skin flap survival. Br J Pharm. 2001;132:1631–1638.
   Google Scholar
• Knox LK, Stewart AG, Hayward PG, et al. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors improve skin flap survival in the rat. Microsurgery. 1994;15:708–711.
   Google Scholar
• Laura KKMD, Alastair GSPD, M.B.B.S PGH. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors improve skin flap survival in the rat. Microsurgery. 1994;15:708–711.
   Google Scholar
• Um SC, Suzuki S, Toyokuni S, et al. Involvement of nitric oxide in survival of random pattern skin flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;101:785.
   Google Scholar
• Cordeiro PG, Santamaria E, Hu QY. Use of a nitric oxide precursor to protect pig myocutaneous flaps from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102:2040–2048.
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder RA, Kuo PC. Nitric oxide: physiology and pharmacology. Anesth Analg. 1995;81:1052–1059.
   Google Scholar
• Cordeiro PG, Mastorakos DP, Hu QY, et al. The protective effect of L-arginine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skin flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;100:1227–1233.
   Google Scholar
• Jin RC, Joseph L. Vascular nitric oxide: formation and function. J Blood Med. 2010;2010:147.
   Google Scholar
• Gribbe Ö, Lundeberg T, Samuelson UE, et al. Dexamethasone increases survival and attenuates induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in experimental skin flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 1999;42:180.
   Google Scholar
• Yan H, Brooks D, Jackson W, et al. Improvement of prearterialized venous flap survival with delay procedure in rats. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2010;26:193–200.
   Google Scholar
• Yan H, Brooks D, Ladner R, et al. Arterialized venous flaps: a review of the literature. Microsurgery. 2010;30:472–478.
   Google Scholar
• Yan H, Gao W, Zhang F, et al. A comparative study of finger pulp reconstruction using arterialised venous sensate flap and insensate flap from forearm. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2012;65:1220.
   Google Scholar
• Yan H, He Z, Li Z, et al. Large prefabricated skin flaps based on the venous system in rabbits a preliminary study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132:372E–380E.
   Google Scholar
• Knox LK, Angel MF, Gamper T, et al. Secondary ischemic tolerance improved by administration of L-NAME in rat flaps. Microsurgery. 1996;17:425.
   Google Scholar
• Akdemir O, Hede Y, Zhang F, et al. Effects of taurine on reperfusion injury. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:921–928.
   Google Scholar
• Inoue G, Maeda N. Arterialized venous flap coverage for skin defects of the hand or foot. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1988;4:259–266.
   Google Scholar
• Karacalar A, Ozcan M. Free arterialized venous flap for the reconstruction of defects of the hand: new modifications. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1994;10:243.
   Google Scholar
• Woo S-H, Kim K-C, Lee G-J, et al. A retrospective analysis of 154 arterialized venous flaps for hand reconstruction: an 11-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119:1823–1838.
   Google Scholar
• Chavoin JP, Rouge D, Vachaud M, et al. Island flaps with an exclusively venous pedicle. A report of eleven cases and a preliminary haemodynamic study. Br J Plast Surg. 1987;40:149–154.
   Google Scholar
• Baek SM, Weinberg H, Song Y, et al. Experimental studies in the survival of venous island flaps without arterial inflow. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;75:88–95.
   Google Scholar
• Matsushita K, Firrell JC, Ogden L, et al. Blood flow and tissue survival in the rabbit venous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;91:127–135.
   Google Scholar
• Kovács AF. Comparison of two types of arterialized venous forearm flaps for oral reconstruction and proposal of a reliable procedure. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg. 1998;26:249–254.
   Google Scholar
• Cho BC, Lee MS, Lee JH, et al. The effects of surgical and chemical delay procedures on the survival of arterialized venous flaps in rabbits. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102:1134.
   Google Scholar
• Byun JS, Constantinescu MA, Lee WP, et al. Effects of delay procedures on vasculature and survival of arterialized venous flaps: an experimental study in rabbits. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;96:1650–1659.
   Google Scholar
• Woo SH, Kim SE, Lee TH, et al. Effects of blood flow and venous network on the survival of the arterialized venous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;101:1280–1289.
   Google Scholar
• Ignarro LJ, Byrns RE, Buga GM, et al. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical. Circ Res. 1987;61:866–879.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer RMJ, Ferrige AG, Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature. 1987;327:524.
   Google Scholar
• Förstermann U, Sessa WC. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:829–837.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan G, Nanduri J, Khan S, et al. Induction of HIF‐1α expression by intermittent hypoxia: involvement of NADPH oxidase, Ca2+ signaling, prolyl hydroxylases, and mTOR. J Cell Physiol. 2008;217:674.
   Google Scholar