Modified Frailty Index (mFI) predicts 30-day complications after microsurgical breast reconstruction

References

• Erdmann-Sager J, Wilkins EG, Pusic AL, et al. Complications and patient-reported outcomes after abdominally based breast reconstruction: results of the mastectomy reconstruction outcomes consortium study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;141(2):271–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hangge PT, Jogerst K, Mohsen A, et al. Making an informed choice: which breast reconstruction type has the lowest complication rate? Am J Surg. 2019;218(6):1040–1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broyles JM, Smith JM, Phillips BT, et al. The effect of sarcopenia on perioperative complications in abdominally based free-flap breast reconstruction. J Surg Oncol. 2020;122(6):1240–1246. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.26120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selber JC, Kurichi JE, Vega SJ, et al. Risk factors and complications in free TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2006;56(5):492–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamnett KE, Subramanian A. Breast reconstruction in older patients: a literature review of the decision-making process. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2016;69(10):1325–1334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton L, Ommen K, Audisio RA. Breast reconstruction in elderly women breast cancer: a review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2011;37(5):353–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panayi AC, Agha RA, Sieber BA, et al. Impact of obesity on outcomes in breast reconstruction: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2018;34(5):363–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, et al. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(3):255–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall DE, Arya S, Schmid KK, et al. Association of a frailty screening initiative with postoperative survival at 30, 180, and 365 days. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(3):233–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM. JAMA patient page. Frailty in older adults. JAMA. 2006;296(18):2280.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ. 2005;173(5):489–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velanovich V, Antoine H, Swartz A, et al. Accumulating deficits model of frailty and postoperative mortality and morbidity: its application to a national database. J Surg Res. 2013;183(1):104–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagenson AM, Powers BD, Zorbas KA, et al. Frailty predicts morbidity and mortality after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: an ACS-NSQIP cohort analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2021;25(4):932–939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta M, Rolfson DB, Stolee P, et al. Frailty is associated with postoperative complications in older adults with medical problems. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;48(1):78–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210(6):901–908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy PB, Savage SA, Zarzaur BL. Impact of patient frailty on morbidity and mortality after common emergency general surgery operations. J Surg Res. 2020;247:95–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuccolo NG, Sparenberg S, Ibrahim AMS, et al. Does age or frailty have more predictive effect on outcomes following pedicled flap reconstruction? An analysis of 44,986 cases†. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2020;54(2):67–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACS NSQIP. Data collection, analysis and reporting. Available from: https://www.facs.org/-/media/files/quality-programs/nsqip/nsqip_puf_userguide_2018.ashx.
   Google Scholar
• Ban KA, Minei JP, Laronga C, et al. American college of surgeons and surgical infection society: surgical site infection guidelines, 2016 update. J Am Coll Surg. 2017;224(1):59–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Martone WJ, et al. CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections, 1992: a modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1992;13(10):606–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung CU, Wink JD, Nelson JA, et al. Surgical site infections after free flap breast reconstruction: an analysis of 2,899 patients from the ACS-NSQIP datasets. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2015;31(6):434–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinall MC, Jr, Arya S, Youk A, et al. Association of preoperative patient frailty and operative stress with postoperative mortality. JAMA Surg. 2020;155(1):e19462013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American medical association white paper on elderly health. Report of the council on scientific affairs. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:2459–2472.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smilowitz NR, Berger JS. Perioperative cardiovascular risk assessment and management for noncardiac surgery: a review. JAMA. 2020;324(3):279–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999;100(10):1043–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laporta R, Sorotos M, Longo B, et al. Breast reconstruction in elderly patients: risk factors, clinical outcomes, and aesthetic results. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2017;33(04):257–267.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baban CK, Devane L, Geraghty J. Change of paradigm in treating elderly with breast cancer: are we undertreating elderly patients? Ir J Med Sci. 2019;188(2):379–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sada A, Day CN, Hoskin TL, et al. Mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction in the elderly: trends and outcomes. Surgery. 2019;166(4):709–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culver DH, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, et al. Surgical wound infection rates by wound class, operative procedure, and patient risk index. National nosocomial infections surveillance System. Am J Med. 1991;91(3B):152S–157S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Nylander W, Smith T, et al. Risk factors and predictive model development of thirty-day post-operative surgical site infection in the veterans administration surgical population. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2018;19(3):278–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menke H, Klein A, John KD, et al. Predictive value of ASA classification for the assessment of the perioperative risk. Int Surg. 1993;78(3):266–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolters U, Wolf T, Stützer H, et al. ASA classification and perioperative variables as predictors of postoperative outcome. Br J Anaesth. 1996;77(2):217–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumer KK, Saraswathula A, Melcher ML. Prehabilitation in our most frail surgical patients: are wearable fitness devices the next frontier? Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2016;21(2):188–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillis C, Li C, Lee L, et al. Prehabilitation versus rehabilitation: a randomized control trial in patients undergoing colorectal resection for cancer. Anesthesiology. 2014;121(5):937–947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carli F, Awasthi R, Gillis C, et al. Optimizing a frail elderly patient for radical cystectomy with a prehabilitation program. Can Urol Assoc J. 2014;8(11–12):E884–E887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar