Dispositional mindfulness mediates the relationships of parental attachment to posttraumatic stress disorder and academic burnout in adolescents following the Yancheng tornado

References

• Abenavoli, R. M., Jennings, P. A., Greenberg, M. T., Harris, A. R., & Katz, D. A. (2013). The protective effects of mindfulness against burnout among educators. Psychology of Education Review, 37(2), 57–10.
   Google Scholar
• Argus, G., & Thompson, M. (2008). Perceived social problem solving, perfectionism, and mindful awareness in clinical depression: An exploratory study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(6), 745–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arikan, G., Stopa, L., Carnelley, K. B., & Karl, A. (2016). The associations between adult attachment, posttraumatic symptoms, and posttraumatic growth. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 29(1), 1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspelmeier, J. E., Elliott, A. N., & Smith, C. H. (2007). Childhood sexual abuse, attachment, and trauma symptoms in college females: The moderating role of attachment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(5), 549–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit, M., Bouthillier, D., Moss, E., Rousseau, C., & Brunet, A. (2010). Emotion regulation strategies as mediators of the association between level of attachment security and PTSD symptoms following trauma in adulthood. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 23(1), 101–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besser, A., & Neria, Y. (2010). The effects of insecure attachment orientations and perceived social support on posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms among civilians exposed to the 2009 Israel–Gaza war: A follow-up Cross-Lagged panel design study. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(3), 335–341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besser, A., & Neria, Y. (2012). When home isn’t a safe haven: Insecure attachment orientations, perceived social support, and PTSD symptoms among Israeli evacuees under missile threat. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(1), 34–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besser, A., Neria, Y., & Haynes, M. (2009). Adult attachment, perceived stress, and PTSD among civilians exposed to ongoing terrorist attacks in Southern Israel. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 851–857.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M. B., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. (2017). For whom does time heal wounds? Individual differences in stability and change in posttraumatic stress after the 2011 Oslo bombing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30(1), 19–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, D., S, Sussman, S., Johnson, C. A., & Milam, J. (2012). Psychometric assessment of the mindful attention awareness scale (maas) among chinese adolescents. Assessment, 19(1), 42–52. doi: 10.1177/1073191111415365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden, M. T., Bernstein, A., Walser, R. D., Bui, L., Alvarez, J., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2012). Changes in facets of mindfulness and posttraumatic stress disorder treatment outcome. Psychiatry Research, 200(2), 609–613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boughner, E., Thornley, E., Kharlas, D., & Frewen, P. (2016). Mindfulness-related traits partially mediate the association between lifetime and childhood trauma exposure and PTSD and dissociative symptoms in a community sample assessed online. Mindfulness, 7(3), 672–679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol 1). New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (2003). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory (7th ed.). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopko, B., & Schwartz, R. (2009). The relation between mindfulness and posttraumatic growth: A study of first responders to trauma-inducing incidents. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31(4), 363–376.
   Google Scholar
• Cicchetti, D., & Carlson, V. (Eds.). (1989). Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S. D., Capuano, T., Baker, D. M., & Shapiro, S. (2005). The effects of mindfulness‐based stress reduction on nurse stress and burnout, part II: A quantitative and qualitative study. Holistic Nursing Practice, 19(1), 26–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Creswell, J. D. (2014). Biological pathways linking mindfulness with health. In K. W. Brown, J. D. Creswell, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 426–440). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deng, Y. Q., Li, S., Tang, Y. Y., Zhu, L. H., Ryan, R., & Brown, K. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Chinese translation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Mindfulness, 3(1), 10–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dieperink, M., Leskela, J., Thuras, P., & Engdahl, B. (2001). Attachment style classification and posttraumatic stress disorder in former prisoners of war. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(3), 374–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiNoble, A. (2009). Examining the relationship between adult attachment style and mindfulness traits (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). California Graduate Institute of the Chicago School of Professional Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Duchesne, S., & Larose, S. (2007). Adolescent parental attachment and academic motivation and performance in early adolescence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(7), 1501–1521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Huntington, J. L., Lawson, K. L., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Personal life events and medical student burnout: A multicenter study. Academic Medicine, 81, 374–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, F., Long, K., Zhou, Y., Zheng, Y., & Liu, X. (2015). Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychological Medicine, 45(13), 2885–2896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, F., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Mo, L., & Liu, X. (2011). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among adolescents following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(1), 44–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flook, L., Goldberg, S. B., Pinger, L., Bonus, K., & Davidson, R. J. (2013). Mindfulness for teachers: A pilot study to assess effects on stress, burnout, and teaching efficacy. Mind, Brain, and Education, 7(3), 182–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Johnson, K. M., Feeny, N. C., & Treadwell, K. R. (2001). The Child PTSD Symptom Scale: A preliminary examination of its psychometric properties. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(3), 376–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Follette, V., Palm, K. M., & Pearson, A. N. (2006). Mindfulness and trauma: Implications for treatment. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 24(1), 45–61.
   Google Scholar
• Freedy, J. R., Resnick, H. S., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (1992). Conceptual framework for evaluating disaster impact: Implications for clinical intervention. In L. S. Austin (Ed.), Responding to disaster: A guide for mental health professionals (pp. 6–14). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal mediates the stress-reductive effects of mindfulness: An upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2(1), 59–67.
   Google Scholar
• Giannopoulou, I., Strouthos, M., Smith, P., Dikaiakou, A., Galanopoulou, V., & Yule, W. (2006). Post-traumatic stress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens 1999 earthquake. European Psychiatry, 21(3), 160–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodall, K., Trejnowska, A., & Darling, S. (2012). The relationship between dispositional mindfulness, attachment security and emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 622–626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson, H., Skoog, T., Davis, P., Kenttä, G., & Haberl, P. (2015). Mindfulness and its relationship with perceived stress, affect, and burnout in elite junior athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 9(3), 263–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagen, C., Lien, L., Hauff, E., & Heir, T. (2016). Mindfulness, sustained attention and post-traumatic stress in tsunami survivors. Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, 2(2), 54–63.
   Google Scholar
• Han, M. (2006). Relationship among perceived parental trauma, parental attachment, and sense of coherence in Southeast Asian American college students. Journal of Family Social Work, 9(2), 25–45.
   Google Scholar
• Houston, J. B., Spialek, M. L., Stevens, J., First, J., Mieseler, V. L., & Pfefferbaum, B. (2015). 2011 Joplin, Missouri tornado experience, mental health reactions, and service utilization: Cross-sectional assessments at approximately 6 months and 2.5 years post-event. PLoS Currents, 7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Q., & Dai, C. L. (2007). A research on middle school students’ learning Burnout structure. Psychological Science, 30(1), 162–164.
   Google Scholar
• Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 310–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khusid, M. A., & Vythilingam, M. (2016). The emerging role of mindfulness meditation as effective self-management strategy, Part 1: Clinical implications for depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. Military Medicine, 181(9), 961–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilpatrick, D. G., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R., Saunders, B. E., Resnick, H. S., & Best, C. L. (2003). Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(4), 692–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J. B., Delvecchio, E., Lis, A., Nie, Y. G., & Di Riso, D. (2015). Parental attachment, self-control, and depressive symptoms in Chinese and Italian adolescents: Test of a mediation model. Journal of Adolescence, 43, 159–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman, A. F., & Van Horn, P. (2009). Giving voice to the unsayable: Repairing the effects of trauma in infancy and early childhood. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(3), 707–720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman, A. F., Weston, D. R., & Pawl, J. H. (1991). Preventive intervention and outcome with anxiously attached dyads. Child Development, 62(1), 199–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. D., Wu, X. C., Zhang, Y. D., Zang, W. W., Zhou, X., & Dai, Y. (2013). Investigation on mental health state of primary and secondary school students after 30 months of Wenchuan earthquake. Psychological Development and Education, 29(6), 631–640.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, S. H., & Huang, Y. C. (2014). Life stress and academic burnout. Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(1), 77–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyu, H. M., Wang, G. F., Cheng, W. C., & Shen, S. L. (2017). Tornado hazards on June 23 in Jiangsu Province, China: Preliminary investigation and analysis. Natural Hazards, 85(1), 597–604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather, L., Blom, V., & Svedberg, P. (2014). Stressful and traumatic life events are associated with burnout—A cross-sectional twin study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 899–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mealer, M., Burnham, E. L., Goode, C. J., Rothbaum, B., & Moss, M. (2009). The prevalence and impact of post traumatic stress disorder and burnout syndrome in nurses. Depression and Anxiety, 26(12), 1118–1126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Horesh, N. (2006). Attachment bases of emotion regulation and posttraumatic adjustment. In D. K. Snyder, J. A. Simpson, & J. N. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion regulation in families: Pathways to dysfunction and health (pp. 77–99). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Neria, Y., Nandi, A., & Galea, S. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38(4), 467–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Watkins, E. R. (2011). A heuristic for developing transdiagnostic models of psychopathology: Explaining multifinality and divergent trajectories. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 589–609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981–2001. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 65(3), 207–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepping, C. A., Davis, P. J., & O’Donovan, A. (2013). Individual differences in attachment and dispositional mindfulness: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(3), 453–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, H. A., Simmering, M. J., & Sturman, M. C. (2009). A tale of three perspectives: Examining post hoc statistical techniques for detection and correction of common method variance. Organizational Research Methods, 12(4), 762–800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., Brown, K. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). How integrative is attachment theory? Unpacking the meaning and significance of felt security. Psychological Inquiry, 18(3), 177–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, D. J. (2007). The mindful brain: Reflection and attunement in the cultivation of wellbeing. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, B. W., Ortiz, J. A., Steffen, L. E., Tooley, E. M., Wiggins, K. T., Yeater, E. A., … Bernard, M. L. (2011). Mindfulness is associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and alcohol problems in urban firefighters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(5), 613–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, H., Thompson, R. A., & Ferrer, E. (2009). Attachment and self-evaluation in Chinese adolescents: Age and gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 1267e1286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an organizational construct. Child Development, 48, 1184–1199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, B. L., & Waltz, J. (2010). Mindfulness and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder avoidance symptom severity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(4), 409–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, R. W., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2011). Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 12(4), 220–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, Y. X., Wu, X. C., Wang, W. C., & Zhou, X. (2018). The relation between attachment and PTSD/PTG among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake: The mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Psychological Development and Education, 34(1), 105–111.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, W., Fu, W., Wu, J., Ma, X. C., Sun, X. L., Huang, Y., … Gao, C. G. (2012). Prevalence of PTSD and depression among junior middle school students in a rural town far from the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake in China. PLoS One, 7(7), e41665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, E., Merrick, S., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Albersheim, L. (2000). Attachment security in infancy and early adulthood: A twenty‐year longitudinal study. Child Development, 71(3), 684–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J., & Song, X. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake 1 year after: Prevalence and risk factors. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52(4), 431–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, W., An, Y., Ding, X., Yuan, G., Zhuang, Y., & Goh, P. H. (2017). Dispositional mindfulness, negative posttraumatic beliefs, and academic burnout among adolescents following the 2016 Yancheng Tornado. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 405–409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, C. (2009). Psychological factors of university students’ learning burnout and relevant intervention. Journal of North China University of Technology, 21(4), 60–63.
   Google Scholar
• Ying, L., Wang, Y., Lin, C., & Chen, C. (2016). Trait resilience moderated the relationships between PTG and adolescent academic burnout in a post-disaster context. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 108–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying, L., Wu, X., Lin, C., & Jiang, L. (2014). Traumatic severity and trait resilience as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. PloS One, 9(2), e89401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying, L. H., Wu, X. C., & Chen, C. (2013). Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among child survivors 1 year following the Wenchuan earthquake in China. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22(9), 567–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zang, W. W. (2010). The comparative study of posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder of adolescents survived in Wenchuan earthquake dissertation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, X., Wu, X., Fu, F., & An, Y. (2015). Core belief challenge and rumination as predictors of PTSD and PTG among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(4), 391–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, X., Zhen, R., & Wu, X. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and control beliefs as the predictors of academic burnout amongst adolescents following the Wenchuan Earthquake. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(1), 1412227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar