2,586
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Basic Research Article

The network structure of posttraumatic stress disorder among Filipina migrant domestic workers: comorbidity with depression

La estructura de redes en el trastorno de estrés postraumático en trabajadoras domésticas migrantes filipinas: Comorbilidad con depresión

菲律宾移民家庭佣工创伤后应激障碍的网络结构:与抑郁症的共病

ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Article: 1765544 | Received 04 Mar 2020, Accepted 30 Apr 2020, Published online: 02 Jul 2020

References

  • Afzali, M. H., Sunderland, M., Teesson, M., Carragher, N., Mills, K., & Slade, T. (2017). A network approach to the comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: The role of overlapping symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 490–13.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.
  • Beard, C., Millner, A. J., Forgeard, M. J. C., Fried, E. I., Hsu, K. J., Treadway, M., … Björgvinsson, T. (2016). Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptom relations in a psychiatric sample. Psychological Medicine, 46(16), 3359–3369.
  • Birkeland, M. S., & Heir, T. (2017). Making connections: Exploring the centrality of posttraumatic stress symptoms and covariates after a terrorist attack. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup3), 1333387.
  • Bleich, A., Koslowsky, M., Dolev, A., & Lerer, B. (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression: An analysis of comorbidity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(5), 479–482.
  • Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. J. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91–121.
  • Brady, K. T., Killeen, T. K., Brewerton, T., & Lucerini, S. (2000). Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61(sup7), 22–32.
  • Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Forbes, D., McFarlane, A. C., Silove, D., & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2017). Acute and chronic posttraumatic stress symptoms in the emergence of posttraumatic stress disorder: A network analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(2), 135–142.
  • Campbell, D. G., Felker, B. L., Liu, C.-F., Yano, E. M., Kirchner, J. E., Chan, D., … Chaney, E. F. (2007). Prevalence of depression-PTSD comorbidity: Implications for clinical practice guidelines and primary care-based interventions. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(6), 711–718.
  • Chun, C.-A., Moos, R. H., & Cronkite, R. C. (2006). Culture: A fundamental context for the stress and coping paradigm. In P. T. P. Wong & L. C. J. Wong (Eds.), International and cultural psychology series. Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping (pp. 29–53). Boston, MA: Spring Publications. doi:10.1007/0-387-26238-5_2
  • Contractor, A. A., Greene, T., Dolan, M., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). Relations between PTSD and depression symptom clusters in samples differentiated by PTSD diagnostic status. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 59, 17–26.
  • Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., van der Maas, H. L., & Borsboom, D. (2010). Comorbidity: A network perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 137–150.
  • Eaton, N. R. (2015). Latent variable and network models of comorbidity: Toward an empirically derived nosology. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(6), 845–849.
  • Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D., & Fried, E. I. (2018). Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper. Behavior Research Methods, 50(1), 195–212.
  • Epskamp, S., Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L., Schmittmann, V., & Borsboom, D. (2012). qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(4), 1–18.
  • Experian Asia Pacific, & Enrich HK. (2019). The value of care: Key contributions of migrant domestic workers to economic growth and family well-being in Asia. Retrieved from http://www.enrichhk.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Final_The-Value-of-Care_Full-Report.pdf
  • Flory, J. D., & Yehuda, R. (2015). Comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: Alternative explanations and treatment considerations. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(2), 141–150.
  • Fried, E. I., Eidhof, M. B., Palic, S., Costantini, G., Huisman-van Dijk, H. M., Bockting, C. L. H., … Karstoft, K.-I. (2018). Replicability and generalizability of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) networks: A cross-cultural multisite study of PTSD symptoms in four trauma patient samples. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(3), 335–351.
  • Fried, E. I., van Borkulo, C. D., Cramer, A. O. J., Boschloo, L., Schoevers, R. A., & Borsboom, D. (2017). Mental disorders as networks of problems: A review of recent insights. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(1), 1–10.
  • Gallotti, M., & Branch, I. L. M. (2015). Migrant Domestic Workers Across the World: Global and regional estimates. International Labour Organization Research Series. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/—migrant/documents/briefingnote/wcms_490162.pdf
  • Garabiles, M. R., Harper-Shehadeh, M., & Hall, B. J. (2019). The cultural adaptation of scalable WHO eMental health program for overseas Filipino workers. Medical Internet Research-Formative, 3(1), e11600.
  • Garabiles, M. R., Lao, C. K., Xiong, Y., & Hall, B. J. (2019). Exploring comorbidity between anxiety and depression among migrant Filipino domestic workers: A network approach. Journal of Affective Disorders, 250, 85–93.
  • Garabiles, M. R., Lao, C. K., Yip, P., Chan, E., Mordeno, I., & Hall, B. J. (2019). Psychometric validation of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in Filipino migrant domestic workers in Macao. Journal of Personality Assessment, 1–12. doi:10.1080/00223891.2019.1644343
  • Garabiles, M. R., Ofreneo, M. A. P., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Towards a model of resilience for transnational families of Filipina domestic workers. Plos One, 12(8), e0183703.
  • Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region - Labour Affairs Bureau. (2019). Table A1 - Number of non-resident workers by industry and country/region of issuance of identification document - End of January 2019. Retrieved from https://www.dsal.gov.mo/download/pdf_en/statistic/nrworker/A1/A1_2019_01.pdf
  • Green, B. L., Krupnick, J. L., Chung, J., Siddique, J., Krause, E. D., Revicki, D., … Miranda, J. (2006). Impact of PTSD comorbidity on one-year outcomes in a depression trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(7), 815–835.
  • Greene, T., Neria, Y., & Gross, R. (2016). Prevalence, detection and correlates of PTSD in the primary care setting: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 23(2), 160–180.
  • Hall, B. J., Garabiles, M. R., & Latkin, C. A. (2019). The social determinants of key health outcomes among Filipino domestic workers in China: A qualitative needs assessment. BMC Public Health, 19. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6552-4
  • Hall, B. J., Pangan, C. A. C., Chan, E. W. W., & Huang, R. L. (2019). The effect of discrimination on depression and anxiety symptoms and the buffering role of social capital among female domestic workers in Macao, China. Psychiatry Research, 271, 200–207.
  • Hall, B. J., Shi, W., Garabiles, M. R., & Chan, E. (2018). Correlates of expected eMental health uptake among Filipino domestic workers in China. Global Mental Health, 5, e33.
  • Hall, B. J., Yip, P. S. Y., Garabiles, M. R., Lao, C. K., Chan, E. W. W., & Marx, B. P. (2019). Psychometric validation of the PTSD checklist-5 among female Filipino migrant workers. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1571378.
  • Hinton, D. E., Barlow, D. H., Reis, R., & de Jong, J. (2016). A transcultural model of the centrality of “thinking a lot” in psychopathologies across the globe and the process of localization: A Cambodian refugee example. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 40(4), 570–619.
  • Hinton, D. E., & Lewis‐Fernández, R. (2011). The cross‐cultural validity of posttraumatic stress disorder: Implications for DSM‐5. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 783–801.
  • Hinton, D. E., McNally, R. J., Fairfax, R. C., & Harachi, T. W. (2020). A network analysis of culturally relevant anxiety sensitivity and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in Cambodians. Transcultural Psychiatry. doi:10.1177/1363461520906005
  • Ho, F. Y., Chan, C. S., & Tang, K. N. (2016). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for sleep disturbances in treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 43, 90–102.
  • Hofmann, S. G., Curtiss, J., & McNally, R. J. (2016). A complex network perspective on clinical science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(5), 597–605.
  • Ignacio, E., & Mejia, Y. (2009). Managing labour migration - Filipino and Indonesian domestic helpers. Bangkok. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_101824.pdf
  • Jiang, H., Fei, X., Liu, H., Roeder, K., Lafferty, J., Wasserman, L., … Zhao, T. (2020). Package ‘huge’. R package version 1.3.4.1.
  • Jones, P. J. (2017). networktools: Tools for identifying important nodes in networks. R package version 1.1.0.
  • Jones, P. J. (2019). Bootstrapping bridge centrality using the bootnet package. Retrieved from https://paytonjjones.wordpress.com/2019/02/01/bootstrapping-bridge-centrality-using-the-bootnet-package/?fbclid=IwAR23_X93pf-h0O_rP8dVFOIGeQsa_Kex5l7w7u67h_v5sLlxZ_oY-zAuMQE
  • Jones, P. J., Ma, R., & McNally, R. J. (2017). Bridge centrality: A network approach to understanding comorbidity. Multivariate Behavioral Research. doi:10.1080/00273171.2019.1614898
  • Jones, P. J., Mair, P., Riemann, B. C., Mugno, B. L., & McNally, R. J. (2018). A network perspective on comorbid depression in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 53, 1–8.
  • Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32(9), 509–515.
  • Krueger, R. F. (1999). The structure of common mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(10), 921–926.
  • La Greca, A. M., Danzi, B. A., & Chan, S. F. (2017). DSM-5 and ICD-11 as competing models of PTSD in preadolescent children exposed to a natural disaster: Assessing validity and co-occurring symptomatology. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(1), 1310591.
  • Lee, J. C. K. (2012). Research on migrant workers’ rights in Hong Kong. In M. F. M. Workers (Ed.), Migrants review: Researches and essays on migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong (pp. 61–71). Hong Kong: MFMW Ltd.
  • Mancini, A., Littleton, H., Grills, A., & Jones, P. J. (2019). PTSD near and far: Symptom networks from two to 12 months after the Virginia tech campus shootings. Clinical Psychological Science, 7, 1340–1354.
  • McNally, R. J. (2016). Can network analysis transform psychopathology? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 95–104.
  • McNally, R. J., Robinaugh, D. J., Wu, G. W. Y., Wang, L., Deserno, M. K., & Borsboom, D. (2015). Mental disorders as causal systems: A network approach to posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(6), 836–849.
  • Mission for Migrant Workers. (2017). Pictures from the inside: Investigating living accommodation of women migrant domestic workers towards advocacy and action. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/migrantshk/docs/pictures_from_the_inside_a4
  • Mitchell, K. S., Wolf, E. J., Bovin, M. J., Lee, L. O., Green, J. D., Rosen, R. C., … Marx, B. P. (2017). Network models of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder: Implications for ICD-11. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(3), 355–366.
  • Mordeno, I. G., Carpio, J. G. E., Mendoza, N. B., & Hall, B. J. (2018). The latent structure of major depressive symptoms and its relationship with somatic disorder symptoms among Filipino female domestic workers in China. Psychiatry Research, 270, 587–594.
  • Mueser, K. T., & Drake, R. E. (2007). Comorbidity: What have we learned and where are we going? Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14(1), 64–69.
  • Nakonz, J., & Shik, A. W. Y. (2009). And all your problems are gone: Religious coping strategies among Philippine migrant workers in Hong Kong. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 12(1), 25–38.
  • Papini, S., Rubin, M., Telch, M. J., Smits, J. A. J., & Hien, D. A. (2019). Pretreatment posttraumatic stress disorder symptom network metrics predict the strength of the association between node change and network change during treatment. Journal of Traumatic Stress. doi:10.1002/jts.22379
  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2017). 2016 survey on overseas Filipinos. Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/content/2016-survey-overseas-filipinos
  • R Core Team. (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org
  • Ramsawh, H. J., Fullerton, C. S., Mash, H. B. H., Ng, T. H. H., Kessler, R. C., Stein, M. B., & Ursano, R. J. (2014). Risk for suicidal behaviors associated with PTSD, depression, and their comorbidity in the U.S. Army. Journal of Affective Disorders, 161, 116–122.
  • Riley, K., Nazareno, J., & Malish, S. (2016). 24-hour care: Work and sleep conditions of migrant Filipino live-in caregivers in Los Angeles. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 59(12), 1120–1129.
  • Salganik, M. J., & Heckathorn, D. D. (2004). Sampling and estimation in hidden populations using respondent‐driven sampling. Sociological Methodology, 34(1), 193–240.
  • Sandberg, J. C., Grzywacz, J. G., Talton, J. W., Quandt, S. A., Chen, H., Chatterjee, A. B., & Arcury, T. A. (2012). A cross-sectional exploration of excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, and musculoskeletal pain among migrant farmworkers. Journal of Agromedicine, 17(1), 70–80.
  • Schuler, M., Wittmann, M., Faller, H., & Schultz, K. (2018). The interrelations among aspects of dyspnea and symptoms of depression in COPD patients - a network analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 240, 33–40.
  • Spiller, T. R., Schick, M., Schnyder, U., Bryant, R. A., Nickerson, A., & Morina, N. (2017). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of refugees: A network analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup3), 1318032.
  • Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., van Hemert, A. M., de Rooij, M., & Elzinga, B. M. (2014). Comorbidity of PTSD in anxiety and depressive disorders: Prevalence and shared risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1320–1330.
  • Sullivan, C. P., Smith, A. J., Lewis, M., & Jones, R. T. (2016). Network analysis of PTSD symptoms following mass violence. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 10(1), 58–66.
  • Tuliao, A. P., Ang, A. V., Garabiles, M. R., Tuliao, M. D., & Samaco-Zamora, M. C. S. (in press). Culture and mental health in the Philippines. In R. Moodley & E. Lee (Eds.), The routledge international handbook of race, ethnicity, and culture in mental health. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Vargas, M. C., Garabiles, M. R., & Hall, B. J. (2020). Narrative identities of overseas Filipino domestic worker community in Macao (SAR) China. Journal of Community Psychology, 48(3), 977-993.
  • Weathers, F. W., Blake, D. D., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Marx, B. P., & Keane, T. M. (Writers). (2013). The life events checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). Instrument available from the National Center for PTSD. Retrieved from www.ptsd.va.gov
  • Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Instrument available from the National Center for PTSD. Retrieved from www.ptsd.va.gov
  • Zimmerman, C., Kiss, L., & Hossain, M. (2011). Migration and health: A framework for 21st century policy-making. PLoS Medicine, 8(5), e1001034.