2,471
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Does cumulative exposure to traumatic stressors predict treatment outcome of community-implemented exposure-based therapy for PTSD?

创伤应激源的累积暴露是否可以预测社区实施的PTSD暴露疗法的治疗结果?

¿ La exposición acumulada de estresores traumáticos predice el resultado del tratamiento de la terapia de tept basada en la exposición implementada en la comunidad?

, , , , ORCID Icon &
Article: 1789323 | Received 06 Jun 2019, Accepted 16 Jun 2020, Published online: 15 Sep 2020

References

  • Adenauer, H. , Catani, C. , Gola, H. , Keil, J. , Ruf, M. , & Schauer, M. (2011). Narrative exposure therapy for PTSD increases top-down processing of aversive stimuli - evidence from a randomized controlled treatment trial. BMC Neuroscience , 12. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-127
  • Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In B. N. Petrov , (Ed.) Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Information Theory (pp 267–13). Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
  • American Psychiatric Association . (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders . Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association . (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders . Washington, DC: Author.
  • Andrews, B. , Brewin, C. R. , & Rose, S. (2003). Gender, social support, and PTSD in victims of violent crime. Journal of Traumatic Stress , 16, 421–427.
  • Bichescu, D. , Neuner, F. , Schauer, M. , & Elbert, T. (2007). Narrative exposure therapy for political imprisonment-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 45, 2212–2220.
  • Bisson, J. I. , Roberts, N. P. , Andrew, M. , Cooper, R. , & Lewis, C. (2013). Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4
  • Böge, K. , Karnouk, C. , Hahn, E. , Schneider, F. , Habel, U. , & Banaschewski, T. (2019). Mental health in refugees and asylum seekers (MEHIRA): Study design and methodology of a prospective multicentre randomized controlled trail investigating the effects of a stepped and collaborative care model. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience , 270(1), 95–106. doi:10.1007/s00406-019-00991-5
  • Bowler, R. M. , Adams, S. W. , Gocheva, V. V. , Li, J. , Mergler, D. , Brackbill, R. , et al. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder, gender, and risk factors: World trade center tower survivors 10 to 11 Years after the September 11, 2001 attacks. Journal of Trauma Stress , 30(6), 564–570. doi:10.1002/jts.22232
  • Bowman, M. L. (1999). Individual differences in posttraumatic distress: Problems with the DSM- IV model. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 44, 21–33.
  • Bramsen, I. , Dirkzwager, A. J. E. , van Esch, S. C. M. , & van der Ploeg, H. M. (2001). Consistency of self-reports of traumatic events in a population of Dutch peacekeepers: Reason for optimism? Journal of Traumatic Stress , 14, 733–740.
  • Brewin, C. R. , Andrews, B. , & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 68, 748–766.
  • Burnham, K. P. , & Anderson, D. R. (2002). Model selection and multi-model inference: A practical information-theoretic approach . New York: Springer.
  • Catani, C. , Kohiladevy, M. , Ruf, M. , Schauer, E. , Elbert, T. , & Neuner, F. (2009). Treating children traumatized by war and Tsunami: A comparison between exposure therapy and meditation-relaxation in North-East Sri Lanka. BMC Psychiatry , 9, 22.
  • Conrad, D. , Wilker, S. , Pfeiffer, A. , Lingenfelder, B. , Ebalu, T. , Lanzinger, H. , … Kolassa, S. (2017). Does trauma event type matter in the assessment of traumatic load? European Journal of Psychotraumatology , 8, 1344079.
  • Corrigan, P. (2004). How stigma interferes with mental health care. American Psychologist , 59, 614–625.
  • Corrigan, P. , & Watson, A. (2002). Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) , 1, 16–20.
  • Courtois, C. A. , & Brown, L. S. (2019). Guideline orthodoxy and resulting limitations of the American psychological association’s clinical practice guideline for the treatment of PTSD in adults. Psychotherapy , 56, 329–339.
  • Cusack, K. , Jonas, D. E. , Forneris, C. A. , Wines, C. , Sonis, J. , Middleton, J. C. , & Gaynes . (2016). Psychological treatments for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review , 43, 128–141.
  • de Jong, J. T. M. , Komproe, I. H. , Van Ommeren, M. , El Masri, M. , Araya, M. , Khaled, N. , et al. (2001). Lifetime events and posttraumatic stress disorder in 4 postconflict settings. JAMA , 286(5), 555–562. doi:10.1001/jama.286.5.555
  • Ehlers, A. , Grey, N. , Wild, J. , Stott, R. , Liness, S. , Deale, A. , & Clark, D. M. (2013). Implementation of Cognitive Therapy for PTSD in routine clinical care: Effectiveness and moderators of outcome in a consecutive sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 51, 742–752.
  • Ehring, T. , Kleim, B. , Clark, D. M. , Foa, E. B. , & Ehlers, A. (2007). Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder: What combination of symptoms predicts best? The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 195, 1004–1012.
  • Elbert, T. , Wilker, S. , Schauer, M. , & Neuner, F. (2017). Dissemination psychotherapeutischer Module für traumatisierte Geflüchtete: Erkenntnisse aus der Traumaarbeit in Krisen- und Kriegsregionen. Nervenarzt , 88, 26–33.
  • Ertl, V. , Pfeiffer, A. , Saile, R. , Schauer, E. , Elbert, T. , & Neuner, F. (2010). Validation of a mental health assessment in an African conflict population. Psychological Assessment , 22, 318–324.
  • Ertl, V. , Pfeiffer, A. , Schauer, E. , Elbert, T. , & Neuner, F. (2011). Community-implemented trauma therapy for former child soldiers in Northern Uganda: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA , 306, 503–512.
  • Ertl, V. , Pfeiffer, A. , Schauer-Kaiser, E. , Elbert, T. , & Neuner, F. (2014). The challenge of living on: Psychopathology and its mediating influence on the readjustment of former child soldiers. PloS One , 9, e102786.
  • Foa, E. B. , Cashman, L. , Jaycox, L. , & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The posttraumatic diagnostic scale. Psychological Assessment , 9, 445–451.
  • Halovorsen, J. , & Stenmark, H. (2010). Narrative exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in tortured refugees: A preliminary uncontrolled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 51, 495–502.
  • Halovorsen, J. , Stenmark, H. , Neuner, F. , & Nordahl, H. M. (2014). Does dissociation moderate treatment outcomes of narrative exposure therapy for PTSD? A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 57, 21–28.
  • Heilsmann, K. R. , & Måkestad, E. (2008). Narrative exposure therapy as treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: An intervention study. Retrieved from http://www.biblioteca.cij.gob.mx/Archivos/Materiales_de_consulta/Migracion/Articulos/salud_mental.pdf
  • Heir, T. , Piatigorsky, A. , & Weisæth, L. (2009). Longitudinal changes in recalled perceived life threat after a natural disaster. British Journal of Psychiatry , 194, 510–514.
  • Hensel-Dittmann, D. , Schauer, M. , Ruf, M. , Catani, C. , Odenwald, M. , Elbert, T. , & Neuner, F. (2011). Treatment of traumatized victims of war and torture: A randomized controlled comparison of narrative exposure therapy and stress inoculation training. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 80, 345–352.
  • Hepp, U. , Gamma, A. , Milos, G. , Eich, D. , Ajdacic-Gross, V. , Rössler, W. , … Schnyder, U. (2006). Inconsistency in reporting potentially traumatic events. British Journal of Psychiatry , 188, 278–283. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.104.008102
  • Hijazi, A. , Lumley, M. , Ziadni, M. , Haddad, L. , Rapport, L. , & Arnetz, B. (2014). Brief Narrative exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress in Iraqi refugees: A preliminary randomized clinical trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress , 27, 314–322.
  • Hothorn, T. , Bretz, F. , & Westfall, P. (2008). Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biometrical Journal , 50, 346–363.
  • Ibrahim, H. , Catani, C. , Ismail, A. A. , & Neuner, F. (2019). Dimensional structure and cultural invariance of DSM-V posttraumatic stress disorder among Iraqi and Syrian displaced people. Frontiers in Psychology , 10. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01505
  • Jacob, N. , Neuner, F. , Maedl, A. , Schaal, S. , & Elbert, T. (2014). Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: A randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 83, 354–363.
  • Jacob, N., Wilker, S., & Isele, D . (2017). Narrative Expositionstherapie zur Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie , 168, 99–106.
  • Jacobson, N. S. , & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance : A statistical approach to denning meaningful change in psychotherapy research. 59(1), 12–19. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12
  • Kakuma, R. , Minas, H. , Van, G. N. , Poz, M. R. D. , Desiraju, K. , Morris, J. E. , & Scheffler, R. M. (2011). Human resources for mental health care: Current situation and strategies for action. The Lancet , 378, 1654–1663.
  • Kessler, R. C. , Sonnega, A. , Bromet, E. , Hughes, M. , & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Archives of General Psychiatry , 52, 1048–1060.
  • Kline, A. C. , Cooper, A. A. , Rytwinksi, N. K. , & Feeny, N. C. (2018). Long-term efficacy of psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review , 59, 30–40.
  • Köbach, A. , Schaal, S. , Hecker, T. , & Elbert, T. (2015). Psychotherapeutic intervention in the demobilization process: Addressing combat-related mental injuries with narrative exposure in a first and second dissemination stage. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy , 24(4), 807–825. doi:10.1002/cpp.1986
  • Kolassa, I. T. , Ertl, V. , Eckart, C. , Kolassa, S. , Onyut, L. P. , & Elbert, T. (2010). Spontaneous remission from PTSD depends on the number of traumatic event types experienced. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy , 2, 169–174.
  • Krinsley, K. E. , Gallagher, J. G. , Weathers, F. W. , Kutter, C. J. , & Kaloupek, D. G. (2003). Consistency of retrospective reporting about exposure to traumatic events. Journal of Traumatic Stress , 16, 399–409.
  • Lely, J. C. G. , Smid, G. E. , Jongedijk, R. A. , Knipscheer, J. , & Kleber, R. J. (2019). The effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy: A review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology , 10, 1550344.
  • Neugebauer, R. , Fisher, P. W. , Turner, J. B. , Yamabe, S. , Sarsfield, J. A. , & Stehling-Ariza, T. (2009). Post-traumatic stress reactions among Rwandan children and adolescents in the early aftermath of genocide. International Journal of Epidemiology , 38, 1033–1045.
  • Neuner, F. , Kurreck, S. , Ruf, M. , Odenwald, M. , Elbert, T. , & Schauer, M. (2010). Can asylum-seekers with posttraumatic stress disorder be successfully treated? A randomized controlled pilot study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy , 39, 81–91.
  • Neuner, F. , Onyut, P. L. , Ertl, V. , Odenwald, M. , Schauer, E. , & Elbert, T. (2008). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by trained lay counselors in an African refugee settlement: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 76, 686–694.
  • Neuner, F. , Schauer, M. , Karunakara, U. , Klaschik, C. , Robert, C. , & Elbert, T. (2004). Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC Psychiatry , 4, 34.
  • Neuner, F. , Schauer, M. , Klaschik, C. , Karunakara, U. , & Elbert, T. (2004). A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an african refugee settlement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72, 579.
  • Pace, T. W. , & Heim, C. M. (2011). A short review on the psychoneuroimmunology of posttraumatic stress disorder: From risk factors to medical comorbidities. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity , 25, 6–13.
  • Pacella, M. L. , Hruska, B. , & Delahanty, D. L. (2013). The physical health consequences of PTSD and PTSD symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 27, 33–46.
  • Pinheiro, J. , Bates, D. , DebRoy, S. , Sarkar, D. , Heisterkamp, S. , Van , & Willigen, B. (2017). nlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package (3rd ed., pp. 1–336). Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/nlme/nlme.pdf
  • R Core Team . (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing . Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.r-project.org
  • Ramo-Fernández, L. , Schneider, A. , Wilker, S. , & Kolassa, I.-T. (2015). Epigenetic alterations associated with War Trauma and childhood maltreatment. Behavioral Sciences & the Law , 33, 701–721.
  • Schaal, S. , Elbert, T. , & Neuner, F. (2009). Narrative exposure therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy. A pilot randomized controlled trial with Rwandan genocide orphans. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 78, 298–306.
  • Schauer, E. , Kohila, M. , Catani, C. , Onyut, L. P. , & Schauer, M. (2005). Building local capacity for mental health service provision in the face of large-scale traumatisation: A cascade-model from Sri Lanka; in: Annual Meeting of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies . Stockholm.
  • Schauer, M. , Neuner, F. , & Elbert, T. (2011). Narrative Exposure Therapy. A short-term intervention for traumatic stress disorders after war, terror or torture . Göttingen: Hogrefe & Huber.
  • Schneider, A. , Conrad, D. , Pfeiffer, A. , Elbert, T. , Kolassa, I. T. , & Wilker, S. (2018). Stigmatization is associated with increased PTSD risk after traumatic stress and diminished likelihood of spontaneous remission - A study with east African conflict survivors. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 9, 1–10.
  • Schnyder, U. , Ehlers, A. , Elbert, T. , Foa, E. B. , Gersons, B. P. R. , Resick, P. A. , … Cloitre, M. (2015). Psychotherapies for PTSD: What do they have in common? European Journal of Psychotraumatology , 6, 28186. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.28186
  • Sijbrandij, M. , Acarturk, C. , Bird, M. , Bryant, R. A. , Burchert, S. , Carswell, K. , … Cuijpers, P. (2017). Strengthening mental health care systems for Syrian refugees in Europe and the Middle East: Integrating scalable psychological interventions in eight countries. European Journal of Psychotraumatology , 8(1), 1388102. doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1388
  • Silove, D. , Ventevogel, P. , & Rees, S. (2017). The contemporary refugee crisis: An overview of mental health challenges. World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association , 16, 130–139.
  • Steel, Z. , Chey, T. , Silove, D. , Marnane, C. , Bryant, R. A. , & van Ommeren, M. (2009). Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA , 302, 537–549.
  • Stenmark, H. , Catani, C. , Neuner, F. , Elbert, T. , & Holen, A. (2013). Treating PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within the general health care system. A randomized controlled multicenter study. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 51, 641–647.
  • Tortella-Feliu, M. , Fullana, M. A. , Pérez-Vigil, A. , Torres, X. , Chamorro, J. , Littarelli, S. A. , & Fernández de la Cruz, L. (2019). Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews , 107, 154–165.
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees . (2018). Global trends - Forced displacement in 2017 . Geneva.
  • van Ginneken, N. , Tharyan, P. , Lewin, S. , Rao, G. , Meera, S. , Pian, J. , et al. (2013). Non-specialist health worker interventions for the care of mental, neurological and substance-abuse disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online), (11), CD009149. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009149.pub2
  • van Minnen, A. , Arntz, A. , & Keijsers, G. P. J. (2002). Prolonged exposure in patients with chronic PTSD: Predictors of treatment outcome and dropout. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 40, 439–457.
  • Wilker, S. , Elbert, T. , & Kolassa, I. T. (2014). The downside of strong emotional memories: How human memory-related genes influence the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder - A selective review. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory , 112, 75–86.
  • Wilker, S. , & Kolassa, I. T. (2013). The formation of a neural fear network in posttraumatic stress disorder: Insights from molecular genetics. Clinical Psychological Science , 1, 452–469.
  • Wilker, S. , Kolassa, S. , Vogler, C. , Lingenfelder, B. , Elbert, T. , Papassotiropoulos, A. , & Kolassa, I.-T. (2013). The role of memory-related gene WWC1 (KIBRA) in lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence from two independent samples from African conflict regions. Biological Psychiatry , 74, 664–671.
  • Wilker, S. , Pfeiffer, A. , Kolassa, S. , Elbert, T. , Lingenfelder, B. , & Ovuga, E. (2014). The role of FKBP5 genotype in moderating long-term effectiveness of exposure-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Translational Psychiatry , 4, e403.
  • Wilker, S. , Pfeiffer, A. , Kolassa, S. , Koslowski, D. , Elbert, T. , & Kolassa, I.-T. (2015). How to quantify exposure to traumatic stress? Reliability and predictive validity of measures for cumulative trauma exposure in a post-conflict population. European Journal of Psychotraumatology , 6. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.28306
  • Wilker, S. , Schneider, A. , Conrad, D. , Pfeiffer, A. , Boeck, C. , Lingenfelder, B. , & Kolassa, I.-T. (2018). Genetic variation is associated with PTSD risk and aversive memory: Evidence from two trauma-Exposed African samples and one healthy European sample. Translational Psychiatry , 8, 251.