3,438
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Research Article

Well-being of Canadian Veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 Veteran well-being study

Bienestar de los veteranos canadienses durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Resultados transversales del estudio de bienestar de veteranos de COVID-19

COVID-19 疫情期间加拿大退伍军人的幸福感: 来自 COVID-19 退伍军人幸福感研究的横断面结果

ORCID Icon, , , , ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , , , , , , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Article: 2012374 | Received 10 Sep 2021, Accepted 23 Nov 2021, Published online: 24 Jan 2022

References

  • Asmundson, G. J. G., Paluszek, M. M., Landry, C. A., Rachor, G. S., McKay, D., & Taylor, S. (2020). Do pre-existing anxiety-related and mood disorders differentially impact COVID19 stress responses and coping? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102271. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102271
  • Babor, T. F., Biddle-Higgins, J. C., Saunders, J. B., & Monteiro, M. G. (2001). AUDIT: The alcohol use disorders identification test: Guidelines for use in primary health care. Edited by. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • Bethlehem, J. (2010). Selection bias in web surveys. International Statistical Review, 78(2), 161–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2010.00112.x
  • Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489–498. doi: 10.1002/jts.22059
  • Bovin, M. J., Marx, B. P., Weathers, F. W., Gallagher, M. W., Rodriguez, P., Schnurr, P. P., & Keane, T. M. (2016). Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1379–1391. doi: 10.1037/pas0000254
  • Bulloch, A., Zulyniak, S., Williams, J., Bajgai, J., Bhattarai, A., Dores, A., … Patten, S. B. (2021). Poor mental health during the COVD-19 pandemic: Effect modification by age. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66. doi:10.1177/0706743721994408
  • Demographics: Estimated Veteran Population by Province. Retrieved from https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/about-vac/news-media/facts-figures/1-0
  • Findlay, L. C., Arim, R., & Kohen, D. (2020). Understanding the perceived mental health of Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health reports, 31(4), 22–27. doi: 10.25318/82-003-202000400003-eng
  • Gadermann, A. M., Engel, C. C., Naifeh, J. A., Nock, M. K., Petukhova, M., Santiago, P. N., … Kessler, R. C. (2012). Prevalence of DSM-IV major depression among U.S. military personnel: Meta-analysis and simulation. Military Medicine, 177(8 Suppl), 47–59. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00103
  • Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Irene, T., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., … Ford, T. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. The Lancet, 7(6), 547–560. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
  • Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  • Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32(9), 509–515. doi: 10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06
  • Louzon, S. A., M.P.H., Bossarte, R., Ph.D., McCarthy, J. F., Ph. D., M.P.H., & Katz, I. R., M.D., Ph.D. (2016). Does suicidal ideation as measured by the PHQ-9 predict suicide among VA patients? Psychiatric Services, 67(5), 517–522. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201500149
  • Mahar, A., Reppas-Rindlisbacher, C., Edgelow, M., Siddhpuria, S., Hallet, J., Rochon, P. A., & Cramm, H. (2021). Concerns and coping strategies of older adult Veterans in Canada at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, e20210712. doi: 10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0712
  • Mcfarlane, A., Jetly, R., Castro, C. A., Greenberg, N., & Vermetten, E. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health care for Veterans: Improvise, adapt, and overcome. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 6(S2), 17–20. doi: 10.3138/jmvfh.CO19-0001
  • Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC). (2020). New nanos poll reveals people in Canada are more stressed in the era of COVID-19. Author.https://mentalhealthcommission.ca/news-releases/21337-new-nanos-poll-reveals-people-in-canada-are-more-stressed-in-the-era-of-covid-19/
  • Merikangas, K., Milham, M., & Stringaris, A. (2020). The CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS). Github, 1.
  • Murphy, D., Williamson, C., Baumann, J., Busuttil, W., & Fear, N. T. (2020). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 and restrictions to daily living as a result of social distancing within veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties. BMJ Military Health, bmjmilitary-2020-001622. doi: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001622
  • Nikolaidis, A., Paksarian, D., Alexander, L., DeRosa, J., Dunn, J., Nielson, D. M., … Milham, M. (2020). The Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) reveals reproducible correlates of pandemic-related mood states across the Atlantic. medRxiv.
  • O’Donnell, M. L., Elliott, P., Lau, W., & Creamer, M. (2007). PTSD symptom trajectories: From early to chronic response. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(3), 601–606. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.015
  • Ramage-Morin, P. L., & Polsky, J. Y. (2020). Health-related concerns and precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of Canadians with and without underlying health conditions. Health Reports, 31(5), 3–8. doi:10.25318/82-003-x202000500001-eng
  • Richardson, J. D., King, L., St. Cyr, K., Shnaider, P., Roth, M. L., Ketcheson, F., … Elhai, J. D. (2018). Depression and the relationship between sleep disturbances, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in treatment-seeking Canadian armed forces members and veterans. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 204. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1782-z
  • Richardson, J. D., St Cyr, K. C., Nelson, C., Elhai, J. D., & Sareen, J. (2014). Sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation in a sample of treatment-seeking Canadian forces members and veterans. Psychiatry Research, 218(1–2), 118–123. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.008
  • Rusu, C., Zamorski, M. A., Boulos, D., & Garber, B. G. (2016). Prevalence comparison of past-year mental disorders and suicidal behaviours in the Canadian armed forces and the Canadian general population. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(1_suppl), 46S–55S. doi: 10.1177/0706743716628856
  • Sareen, J., Bolton, S.-L., Mota, N., Afifi, T. O., Enns, M. W., Taillieu, T., … Stein, M. B. (2021). Lifetime Prevalence and Comorbidity of Mental Disorders in the Two-wave 2002–2018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (CAFVMHS): Prévalence et Comorbidité de Durée de vie Des Troubles Mentaux Dans l’Enquête de Suivi Sur la Santé Mentale Auprès des Membres des Forces Armées Canadiennes et Des ex-Militaires (ESSMFACM) en Deux Cycles de 2002 à 2018. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66, 07067437211000636. doi:10.1177/07067437211000636
  • Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA, 323(21), 2133. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.5893
  • Sheynin, J., Shind, C., Radell, M., Ebanks-Williams, Y., Gilbertson, M. W., Beck, K. D., & Myers, C. E. (2017). Greater avoidance behavior in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 20(3), 285–293. doi: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1309523
  • Simon, G. E., Rutter, C. M., Peterson, D., Oliver, M., Whiteside, U., Operskalski, B., & Ludman, E. J. (2013). Does response on the PHQ-9 depression questionnaire predict subsequent suicide attempt or suicide death? Psychiatric Services, 64(12), 1195–1202. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201200587
  • Simon, N., McGillivray, L., Roberts, N. P., Barawi, K., Lewis, C. E., & Bisson, J. I. (2019). Acceptability of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (i-CBT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A systematic review. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1646092. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1646092
  • Spelman, J. F., Hunt, S. C., Seal, K. H., & Burgo-Black, A. L. (2012). Post deployment care for returning combat Veterans. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(9), 1200–1209. doi: 10.1007/s11606-012-2061-1
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
  • Spitzer, R., Kroenke, K., & Williams, J. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient health questionnaire. JAMA, 282(18), 1737–1744. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.18.1737
  • SPSS. (2019). SPSS statistics for windows (26 ed.). Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Sweet, J., Poirier, A., Pound, T., & Van Til, L. (2020). Well-being of Canadian regular force Veterans, findings from LASS 2019 survey. Edited by Canada VA. Charlottetown, PEI: Research Directorate-Veterans Affairs Canada.
  • Thériault, F. L., Gardner, W., Momoli, F., Garber, B. G., Kingsbury, M., Clayborne, Z., … Colman, I. (2020). Mental health service use in depressed military personnel: A systematic review. Military Medicine, 185(7–8), e1255–e1262. doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa015.
  • Thompson, J. M., Van Til, L., Poirier, A., Sweet, J., McKinnon, K., Sudom, K., & Pedlar, D. (2014). Health and well-being of Canadian armed forces Veterans: Findings from the 2013 life after service survey. Charlottetown, P.E.I.: Veterans Affairs Canada, 2011.
  • Thompson, J., Sweet, J., Poirier, A., & VanTil, L. (2011). Suicide and attempt findings in the survey on transition to civilian life: Descriptive analysis. Edited by Canada VA. Charlottetown, PEI: Government of Canada.
  • Turgoose, D., Ashwick, R., & Murphy, D. (2017). Systematic review of lessons learned from delivering tele-therapy to veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 24(9), 575–585. doi: 10.1177/1357633X17730443
  • Van Til, L., Sweet, J., Poirier, A., McKinnon, K., Sudom, K., Dursun, S., & Pedlar, D. (2017). Well-being of Canadian regular force Veterans, findings from LASS 2016 survey (Research Directorate Technical Report, 23 June 2017. Executive Summary). Charlottetown, PE: Veterans Affairs Canada.
  • Vindegaard, N., & Benros, M. E. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 89, 531–542. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048
  • Wilson, G., Hill, M., & Kiernan, M. D. (2018). Loneliness and social isolation of military veterans: Systematic narrative review. Occupational Medicine, 68(9), 600–609. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqy160
  • Wortmann, J. H., Jordan, A. H., Weathers, F. W., Resick, P. A., Dondanville, K. A., Hall-Clark, B., … Mintz, J. et al (2016). Psychometric analysis of the PTSD checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1392–1403. doi: 10.1037/pas0000260