Substance use disorders: diagnosis and management for hospitalists

References

• Lehmann SW, Fingerhood M, Longo DL. Substance-use disorders in later life. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2351–2360.
   Google Scholar
• Yarnell S, li l, MacGrory B. Substance use disorders in later life: a review and synthesis of the literature of an emerging public health concern. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;28:226–236.
   Google Scholar
• Nordeck CD, Welsh C, Schwartz RP, et al. Rehospitalization and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment entry among patients seen by a hospital SUD consultation-liaison service. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;186:23–28.
   Google Scholar
• Liang J, Olsen RW. Alcohol use disorders and current pharmacological therapies: the role of GABAA receptors. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2014;35(8):981–993.
   Google Scholar
• Hasin DS, O’Brien CP, Auriacombe M, et al. DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(8):834–851. .
   Google Scholar
• Kosten TR, O’Connor PG. Management of drug and alcohol withdrawal. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(18):1786–1795.
   Google Scholar
• Vonghia L, Leggio L, Ferrulli A, et al. Acute alcohol intoxication. Eur J Intern Med. 2008;19(8):561–567. .
   Google Scholar
• Yost DA. Acute care for alcohol intoxication. Be prepared to consider clinical dilemmas. Postgrad Med. 2002;112(6):14–16.
   Google Scholar
• Maldonado JR, Sher Y, Ashouri JF, et al. The “Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale” (PAWSS): systematic literature review and pilot study of a new scale for the prediction of complicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol. 2014;48(4):375–390. .
   Google Scholar
• Mayo-Smith MF. Pharmacological management of alcohol withdrawal. A meta-analysis and evidence-based practice guideline. American Society of Addiction Medicine Working Group on Pharmacological Management of Alcohol Withdrawal. JAMA. 1997;278(2):144–151.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt KJ, Doshi MR, Holzhausen JM, et al. Treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal. Ann Pharmacother. 2016;50(5):389–401. .
   Google Scholar
• Bayard M, McIntyre J, Hill KR, et al. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69(6):1443–1450.
   Google Scholar
• Jesse S, Bråthen G, Ferrara M, et al. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: mechanisms, manifestations, and management. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;135(1):4–16. .
   Google Scholar
• Gortney JS, Raub JN, Patel P, et al. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome in medical patients. Cleve Clin J Med. 2016;83(1):67–79. .
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, et al. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989;84(11):1353–1357. .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner RT. Symptom-triggered vs. fixed-dosing management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Medsurg Nurs. 2014;23(5):307–15, 329.
   Google Scholar
• Weaver MF, Hoffman HJ, Johnson RE, et al. Alcohol withdrawal pharmacotherapy for inpatients with medical comorbidity. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2006;25(2):17–24.
   Google Scholar
• Myrick H, Malcolm R, Randall PK, et al. A double-blind trial of gabapentin versus lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009;33(9):1582–1588. .
   Google Scholar
• Maldonado JR. Novel algorithms for the prophylaxis and management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes-beyond benzodiazepines. Critical Care Clinics. 2017;33(3):559–599.
   Google Scholar
• Jamison RN, Mao J. Opioid Analgesics. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(7):957–968.
   Google Scholar
• Connery HS. Medication-assisted treatment of opioid use disorder: review of the evidence and future directions. Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2015;23(2):63–75.
   Google Scholar
• Song Z. Mortality quadrupled among opioid-driven hospitalizations, notably within lower-income and disabled white populations. Health Aff (Millwood). 2017;36(12):2054–2061.
   Google Scholar
• Jones JD, Mogali S, Comer SD. Polydrug abuse: a review of opioid and benzodiazepine combination use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;125(1–2):8–18.
   Google Scholar
• Maldonado JR. An approach to the patient with substance use and abuse. Med Clin North Am. 2010;94(6):1169–205, x–i.
   Google Scholar
• Pasternak GW. Preclinical pharmacology and opioid combinations. Pain Med. 2012;13(Suppl 1):S4–11.
   Google Scholar
• Mann M, Chai E. Opioid essentials. Hospital Med Clin. 2014;3(4):567–581.
   Google Scholar
• Bateman DN. Opioids. Medicine (Baltimore). 2012;40(3):141–143.
   Google Scholar
• Milone MC. Laboratory testing for prescription opioids. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(4):408–416.
   Google Scholar
• Wesson DR, Ling W. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS). J Psychoactive Drugs. 2003;35(2):253–259.
   Google Scholar
• Donroe JH, Tetrault JM. Substance use, intoxication, and withdrawal in the critical care setting. Crit Care Clin. 2017;33(3):543–558.
   Google Scholar
• Smith HS, Peppin JF. Toward a systematic approach to opioid rotation. J Pain Res. 2014;7:589–608.
   Google Scholar
• Young AM, Havens JR, Leukefeld CG. Route of administration for illicit prescription opioids: a comparison of rural and urban drug users. Harm Reduct J. 2010;7(1):24.
   Google Scholar
• SAMHSA. Key substance use and mental health Indicators in the USA: results from the 2016 national survey on drug use and health (HHS Publication No. SMA 17-5044, NSDUH Series H-52). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Warner EA. Cocaine abuse. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(3):226–235.
   Google Scholar
• Howell LL, Kimmel HL. Monoamine transporters and psychostimulant addiction. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008;75(1):196–217.
   Google Scholar
• Baik J-H. Dopamine Signaling in reward-related behaviors. Front Neural Circuits. 2013;7:152.
   Google Scholar
• Maraj S, Figueredo VM, Lynn Morris D. Cocaine and the heart. Clin Cardiol. 2010;33(5):264–269.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin SM, Thihalolipavan S, Fontaine JM. Sinus Bradycardia in habitual cocaine users. Am J Cardiol. 2017;119(10):1611–1615.
   Google Scholar
• Lowenstein DH, Massa SM, Rowbotham MC, et al. Acute neurologic and psychiatric complications associated with cocaine abuse. Am J Med. 1987;83(5):841–846. .
   Google Scholar
• Vorspan F, Brousse G, Bloch V, et al. Cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms in French cocaine addicts. Psychiatry Res. 2012;200(2–3):1074–1076. .
   Google Scholar
• Haim DY, Lippmann ML, Goldberg SK, et al. The pulmonary complications of crack cocaine. CHEST. 1995;107(1):233–240. .
   Google Scholar
• Forrester JM, Steele AW, Waldron JA, et al. Crack lung: an acute pulmonary syndrome with a spectrum of clinical and histopathologic findings. Amer Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142(2):462–467. .
   Google Scholar
• Ker DG, Lawrence WD, Selis JE, et al. Crack lung: pulmonary disease caused by cocaine abuse. Amer Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136(5):1250–1252. .
   Google Scholar
• Weiss RD, Gawin FH. Protracted elimination of cocaine metabolites in long-term high-dose cocaine abusers. Am J Med. 1988;85(6):879–880.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman JL. Cocaine intoxication. Crit Care Clin. 2012;28(4):517–526.
   Google Scholar
• Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139–e228.
   Google Scholar
• Cottler LB, Shillington AM, Compton WM, et al. Subjective reports of withdrawal among cocaine users: recommendations for DSM-IV. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1993;33(2):97–104. .
   Google Scholar
• Courtney KE, Ray LA. Methamphetamine: an update on epidemiology, pharmacology, clinical phenomenology, and treatment literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;143:11–21.
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell JC, Brecht M-L. Methamphetamine: here we go again? Addict Behav. 2011;36(12):1168–1173.
   Google Scholar
• Paratz ED, Cunningham NJ, MacIsaac AI. The cardiac complications of methamphetamines. Heart Lung Circ. 2016;25(4):325–332.
   Google Scholar
• Vearrier D, Greenberg MI, Miller SN, et al. Methamphetamine: history, pathophysiology, adverse health effects, current trends, and hazards associated with the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine. Disease-a-Month. 2012;58(2):38–89. .
   Google Scholar
• Cruickshank CC, Dyer KR. A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine. Addiction. 2009;104(7):1085–1099.
   Google Scholar
• Winslow BT, Voorhees KI, Pehl KA. Methamphetamine abuse. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(8):1169–1174.
   Google Scholar
• De-Carolis C, Boyd GA, Mancinelli L, et al. Methamphetamine abuse and “meth mouth” in Europe. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015;20(2):e205–10. .
   Google Scholar
• Shoptaw SJ, Kao U, Ling W. Treatment for amphetamine psychosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD003026. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003026.. pub3 PubMed ID:  PMC7004251.
   Google Scholar
• Glasner-Edwards S, Mooney LJ. Methamphetamine psychosis: epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs. 2014;28(12):1115–1126.
   Google Scholar