Pozzolanic and hydration properties of kamafugites and carbonatitic lavas as supplementary cementitious materials in Portland cement

References

• ACI committee 232 report. 2001. “Use of Raw or Processed Natural Pozzolans in Concrete.” ACI 232.1R-00, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C311. 2002. “Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for use in Portland-Cement Concrete.” In American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C618. 2005. “Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for use in Concrete.” In American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• Barker, D. S., and P. H. Nixon. 1989. “High-Ca, Low-Alkali Carbonatite Volcanism at Fort Portal, Uganda.” Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 103: 166–177. Springer. doi: 10.1007/BF00378502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berodier, E. M. J., 2015. “Impact of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on the Kinetics and Microstructural Development of Cement Hydration.” EPFL Thesis No. 6417.
   Google Scholar
• Berodier, E., and K. Scrivener. 2014. “Understanding the Filler Effect on the Nucleation and Growth of C-S-H.” Journal of the American Ceramic Society 97: 3764–3773. doi:10.1111/jace.13177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco Varela, M. T., S. Martinez Ramirez, I. Erena, M. Gener, and P. Carmona. 2006. “Characterisation and Pozzolanicity of Zeolitic Rocks from two Cuban Deposits.” Applied Clay Sciences 33: 149–159. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2006.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BS 3892-1. 1997. “Pulverized-fuel ash. Specification for Pulverized-Fuel Ash for use with Portland Cement.” BSI.
   Google Scholar
• Delatte, N. J. 2001. “Lessons from Roman Cement and Concrete.” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 127 (3): 109–115. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston VA 20191-4400. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2001)127:3(109).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donatello, S., M. Tyrer, and C. R. Cheeseman. 2010. “Comparison of Test Methods to Assess Pozzolanic Activity.” Cement and Concrete Composites 32 (1): 121–127. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.10.008
   Google Scholar
• EN 196-1. 2005. “Methods for Testing Cement- Part 1: Determination of Strength.” European Committee for Standardization.
   Google Scholar
• EN 196-3. 2009. “Methods for Testing Cement- Part 3: Determination of Setting Times and Soundness.” European Committee for Standardization.
   Google Scholar
• EN 197-1. 2000. “Cement, Part 1: Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements.” European Committee for Standardization.
   Google Scholar
• Guo, P., Y. Niu, and X. Yu. 2014. “A Synthesis and New Perspective on the Petrogenesis of Kamafugites from West Qinling, China, in a Global Context.” Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 79: 86–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.09.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habert, G., N. Choupay, J. M. Montel, D. Guillaume, and G. Escadeillas. 2008. “Effects of the Secondary Minerals of the Natural Pozzolans on Their Pozzolanic Activity.” Cement and Concrete Research 38: 963–975. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, A. 1942. “A Suite of Volcanic Rocks from South-West Uganda Containing Kalsilite (a Polymorph of KAlSiO4).” Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society XXVI (177): 197–217. doi: 10.1180/minmag.1942.026.177.01
   Google Scholar
• Ipavec, A., R. Gabrovšek, T. Vuk, V. Kaučič, J. Maček, and A. Meden. 2011. “Carboaluminate Phases Formation During the Hydration of Calcite-Containing Portland Cement.” Journal of the American Ceramic Society 94: 1238–1242. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04201.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jawed, I., and j. Skalny. 1978. “Alkalies in Cement: a Review, II; Effects of Alkalies on Hydration and Performance of Portland Cement.” Cement and Concrete Research 8: 37–52. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(78)90056-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, P., Genge Mathew Adrian, and Carmody Laura. 2013. “Carbon in Earth: Carbonate Melts and Carbonatites.” Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 75: 289–322. The Mineralogy Society of America, ISBN 978-0-939950-90-4. doi: 10.2138/rmg.2013.75.10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakali, G., S. Tsivilis, E. Aggeli, and M. Bati. 2000. “Hydration Products of C3A, C3S and Portland Cement in the Presence of CaCO3.” Cement and Concrete Research 30 (7): 1073–7. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00292-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampunzu, A. B., and P. Mohr. 1991. “Magmatic Evolution and Petrogenesis in the East African Rift System.” In Magmatism in Extensional Structural Settings: ThePhanerozoic African Plate, edited by A. B. Kampunzu, and R. T. Lubala, 85–136. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kastis, D., G. Kakali, S. Tsivilis, and M. G. Stamatakis. 2006. “Properties and Hydration of Blended Cements with Calcareous Diatomite.” Cement and Concrete Research 36: 1821–1826. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster, L. C. 2005. Concrete Vaulted Construction in Imperial Rome: Innovations in Context. 40 West 20th Street, New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lothenbach, B., G. Le Saout, E. Gallucci, and K. Scrivener. 2008. “Influence of Limestone on the Hydration of Portland Cements.” Cement and Concrete Research 38 (6): 848–860. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra, V. M., and P. K. Mehta. 1996. “Pozzolanic and Cementitious Materials.” In Advances in Concrete Technology. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Matschei, T., B. Lothenbach, and F. P. Glasser. 2007. “The Role of Calcium Carbonate in Cement Hydration.” Cement and Concrete Research 37: 551–558. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed, A. R., M. Elsalamawy, and M. Ragab. 2015. “Modeling the Influence of Limestone Addition on Cement Hydration.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 54 (1): 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2014.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley, C. K. 1999. “Tectonic Evolution of the East African Rift System and the Modifying Influence of Magmatism.” A Review, Acta Vulcanologica 11 (1): 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Neville, A. M. 2002. “Properties of Concrete.” Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Odler, I., and R. Wonnemann. 1983. “Effect of Alkalies on Portland Cement Hydration I; Alkali Oxides Incorporated in to the Crystalline Lattice of Clinker Minerals.” Cement and Concrete Research 13: 477–482. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(83)90005-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourkhorshidi, A. R., M. Najimi, T. Parhizkar, F. Jafarpour, and B. Hillemeier. 2010. “Applicability of the Standard Specifications of ASTM C618 for Evaluation of Natural Pozzolans.” Cement & Concrete Composites 32: 794–800. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.08.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riding, K. A., J. L. Poole, K. J. Folliard, M. G. Juenger, K. Anton, and A. K. Schindler. 2012. “Modeling Hydration of Cement Systems.” ACI Materials Journal 109 (2): 225–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, A., S. F. Foley, G. D. Pearson, M. G. Nowell, and S. Tappe. 2009. “Petrogenesis of Strongly Alkaline Primitive Volcanic Rocks at the Propagating tip of the Western Branch of the East African Rift.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 284, Elsevier B. V.: 236–248. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.04.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, M., M. Romer, M. Tschudin, and H. Bolio. 2011. “Sustainable Cement Production—Present and Future.” Cement and Concrete Research 41: 642–650. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schöler, A., B. Lothenbach, F. Winnefeld, M. B. Haha, M. Zajac, and H. M. Ludwig. 2017. “Early Hydration of SCM-Blended Portland Cements: A Pore Solution and Isothermal Calorimetry Study.” Cement and Concrete Research 93: 71–82. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.11.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scrivener, K. L., B. Lothenbach, N. De Belie, E. Gruyaert, J. Skibsted, R. Snellings, and A. Vollpracht. 2015. “TC 238-SCM: Hydration and Microstructure of Concrete with SCMs; State of the Art on Methods to Determine Degree of Reaction of SCMs.” Materials and Structures 48: 835–862. doi: 10.1617/s11527-015-0527-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddall, R. 2000. “The use of Volcaniclastic Material in Roman Hydraulic Concretes: A Brief Review.” The Geological Society of London, Special Publication 171: 339–344. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.24.
   Google Scholar
• Snellings R., Mertens G., Cizer O., Elsen J., (2010), “Early Age Hydration and Pozzolanic Reaction in Natural Zeolite Blended Cements: Reaction Kinetics and Products by in situ Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction.” Cement and Concrete Research, 40 (12): 1704–1713.
   Google Scholar
• Snellings, R., G. Mertens, and J. Elsen. 2012. “Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry: Supplementary Cementitious Materials.” Applied Mineralogy of Cement & Concrete 74: 211–278. Mineralogical Society of America.
   Google Scholar
• Tappe, S., S. F. Foley, and D. G. Pearson. 2003. “The Kamafugites of Uganda: A Mineralogical and Geochemical Comparison with their Italian and Brazilian Analogues.” Periodico di Mineralogia 72, Special issue: Eurocarb: 51–77.
   Google Scholar
• Targan, S., A. Olgun, Y. Erdogan, and V. Sevinc. 2003. “Influence of Natural Pozzolan, Colemanite ore Waste, Bottom Ash, and Fly Ash on the Properties of Portland Cement.” Cement and Concrete Research 33: 1175–1182. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00025-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thongsanitgarn, P., W. Wongkeo, S. Sinthupinyo, and A. Chaipanich. 2012. “Effect of Limestone Powders on Compressive Strength and Setting Time of Portland-Limestone Cement Pastes.” Advanced Materials Research 343-344: 322–326. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.343-344.322.
   Google Scholar
• Turanli, L., B. Uzal, and F. Bektas. 2004. “Effect of Materials Characteristics on the Properties of Blended Cements Containing High Volumes of Natural Pozzolans.” Cement and Concrete Research 34: 2277–2282. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkmenoglu, A. G., and A. Tankut. 2002. “Use of Tuffs from Central Turkey as Admixture in Pozzolanic Cements; Assessment of Their Petrographic Properties.” Cement and Concrete Research 32: 629–637. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00734-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulusoy, U., and M. Yekeler. 2005. “Correlation of the Surface Roughness of Some Industrial Minerals with Their Wettability Parameters.” Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 44: 557–565. doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2004.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, L. A. J. 1972. “The Kenya Rift Volcanics: A Note on Volumes and Chemical Composition.” Tectonophysics 15: 83–96. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(72)90054-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyllie, P. J., and W. L. Huang. 1978. “Carbonation and Melting Reactions in the System CaO–MgO–SiO2–CO2 at Mantle Pressures with Geophysical and Petrological Applications.” Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 54 (2): 79–107. doi: 10.1007/BF00372117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar