Income poverty versus multidimensional poverty: Empirical insight from Qwaqwa

References

• Abdelkhalek, T., and F. Ejjanoui. 2012. “A Multidimensional Approach to Poverty: Theory and Application to the City of Marrakech.” Middle East Development Journal 4 (2): 1–27. doi:10.1142/S1793812012500095.
   Google Scholar
• Alkire, S., and J. Foster. 2011. “Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement.” Journal of Public Economics 95: 476–487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkire, S., and M. E. Santos. 2010. “Acute Multidimensional Poverty: A new Index for Developing Countries.” OPHI Working Paper Series, 38, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative. Oxford University. https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ophi-wp-38.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Alkire, S., and M. E. Santos. 2013. “A Multidimensional Approach: Poverty Measurement & Beyond.” Social indicators Research 112: 239–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkire, S., and S. Seth. 2009. “Measuring Multidimensional Poverty in India: A New Proposal.” Working Paper 15, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative. Oxford University. https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/OPHI-wp15.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• ANC (African National Congress). 1994. Reconstruction and Development Programme: A Policy Framework. Johannesburg: Umunyano Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Appiah-kubi, K., E. Amannning-Ampomah, and C. Ahortor. 2007. Multidimensional Poverty Analysis in Ghana using Fuzzy Set Theory. PEP PMMA working Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, A. 2003. “Multidimensional Deprivation: Contrasting Social Welfare and Counting Approaches.” Journal of Economic Inequality 1 (1): 51–65.
   Google Scholar
• Basarir, H. 2009. On the Multidimensional Measurement of Poverty: An empirical study on South Africa. Accessed 15 February 2014 http://www.devstud.org.uk/downloads/4b9e9c8bd743c_Basarir_PAPER. pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Battistón, D., G. Cruces, L. Lopez-Calva, M. A. Lugo, and M. E. Santos. 2009. “Income and Beyond: Multidimensional Poverty in six Latin American Countries.” OPHI Working Paper Series, 17, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative. Oxford University. https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/OPHI-wp17.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bibi, S. 2003. Measuring Poverty in a Multidimensional Perspective: A Review of Literature. Quebec: Laval University.
   Google Scholar
• Bourguignon, F., and S. Chakravarty. 2003. “The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty.” Journal of Economic Inequality 1 (1): 25–49.
   Google Scholar
• Bradshaw, J., and N. Finch. 2003. “Overlaps in Dimensions of Poverty.” Jnl Soc. Pol 32 (4): 513–525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bresson, F. 2009. Multidimensional Poverty Measurement with the Weak Focus Axiom. Cemafi, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis. Accessed 20 April 2014 http://gdri.dreem.free.fr/wp-content/bresson-florent-cemafi-istanbul-2009.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bronfman, J. 2015. Beyond Income: A Study of Multidimensional Poverty in Chile. MPRA Paper No 63256.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, D. A., and D. Hulme. 2005. Towards a Unified Framework for Understanding the Depth, Breadth and Duration of Poverty. GPRG Working Paper 20, Universities of Manchester and Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• D’Ambrosio, C., J. Deutsch, and J. Silber. 2011. “Multidimensional Approaches to Poverty Measurement: An Empirical Analysis of Poverty in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and Spain, Based on the European Panel.” Applied Economics 43 (8): 951–961.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Water Affairs (Republic of South Africa). 2011. “ Development of Reconciliation Strategies for All Towns in the Central Region. Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality in the Free State Province: Reconciliation Strategy for the Phuthaditjhaba/QwaQwa Town Area consisting of Phuthaditjhaba urban area and the peri-urban settlement of QwaQwa in the Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality in the Upper Vaal Water Management Area.” Pretoria: National Water Resource Planning.
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch, J., and J. Silber. 2005. “Measuring Multidimensional Poverty: An Empirical Comparison of Various Approaches.” Review of Income and Wealth 51 (1): 145–174.
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira, F., and M. A. Lugo. 2012. “Multidimensional Poverty Analysis: Looking for a Middle Ground.” ECINEQ WP, 2012–251. http://www.ecineq.org/milano/WP/ECINEQ2012-251.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Foster, J., J. Greer, and E. Thorbecke. 1984. “A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures.” Econometrica 52 (3): 761–776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fusco, A. 2003. “On the Definition and Measurement of Poverty: The Contribution of Multidimensional Analysis.” Paper presented at 3rd Conference on the Capability Approach: From Sustainable Development to Sustainable Freedom, University of Pavia, 7–9 September
   Google Scholar
• Hoogeveen, J. G., and B. Özler. 2006. “Poverty and Inequality in Post-Apartheid South Africa: 1995 to 2000.” In Poverty and Policy in Post-Apartheid South Africa, edited by H. Bhorat, and R. Kanbur, 59–94. Cape Town: Human Sciences Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• Klasen, S. 2000. “Measuring Poverty and Deprivation in South Africa.” Review of Income and Wealth 46 (1): 33–58.
   Google Scholar
• Laderchi, C.R., R. Saith, and F. Stewart. 2003. Does It Matter That We Don’t Agree on the Definition of Poverty? A Comparison of Four Approaches. Queen Elizabeth House Working Paper No.107. Oxford: University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Leibbrandt, M., J. Levinsohn, and J. McCrary. 2005. Incomes in South Africa Since the Fall of Apartheid. NBER Working Paper Series, working Paper 11384.
   Google Scholar
• Leibbrandt, M., I. Woolard, A. Finn, and J. Argent. 2010. Trends in South African Income Distribution and Poverty Since the Fall of Apartheid. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 101, OECD Publishing, © OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, C. 2012. Who is Poor? One question, many answers and their implications: a comparison of alternatives to the monetary approach of poverty assessment in rural Yunnan, China. Q-Squared Working Paper No.54.
   Google Scholar
• Lugo, M. A., and E. Maasoumi. 2009. Multidimensional Poverty Measures from an Information Theory Perspective. OPHI Working Paper No. 10. Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative.
   Google Scholar
• Maasoumi, E., and M. A. Lugo. 2006. The Information Basis of Multivariate Poverty Assessments. Departmental Working Papers 0603, Southern Methodist University, Department of Economics.
   Google Scholar
• Maluti-a-Phofung, L. M. 2014. Final Integrated Development Plan. Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality.
   Google Scholar
• May, J., and A. Norton. 1997. “A Difficult Life: The Perception and Experience of Poverty in South Africa.” Social Indicators Research 41 (1–3): 95–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meth, C., and R. Dias. 2004. “Increases in poverty in South Africa, 1999–2002.” Development Southern Africa 21 (1): 59–85.
   Google Scholar
• Miceli, D. 1998. Measuring Poverty Using Fuzzy Sets. Discussion Paper no. 38. National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling: University of Canberra.
   Google Scholar
• Naveed, A. & Tanweer-ul-Islam. 2010. Estimating Multidimensional Poverty and Identifying the Poor in Pakistan: An Alternative Approach. RECOUP Working Paper No. 28.
   Google Scholar
• Nishimwe-Niyimbanira, R. 2016. “A Multidimensional Analysis of Poverty in a Former South African Homeland.” PhD thesis, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark.
   Google Scholar
• Noble, M., M. Babita, H. Barnes, C. Dibben, W. Magasela, S. Noble, P. Ntshongwana, et al. 2006. The Provincial Indices of Multiple Deprivation for South Africa 2001: Technical Report. Oxford: University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Noble, M., H. Barnes, G. Wright, and B. Robert. 2010. “Small Area Indices of Multiple Deprivation in South Africa.” Social Indicator Research 95 (2): 281–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolan, B., and C. T. Whelan. 2011. The EU 2020 Poverty Target. UCD Geary Institute Discussion Paper Series, Geary WP2011/11.
   Google Scholar
• Ravallion, M. 1996. Issues in Measuring and Modeling Poverty. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 1615. Washington D.C.: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Rippin, N. 2009. The Concept of Multidimensional Poverty: Accounting for dimensional poverty. Discussion papers, Ibero America Institute for Economic Research No. 179. Accessed 3 May 2014. http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/57313/1/608774464.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Salahuddin, T., and A. Zaman. 2012. “Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Pakistan: Time Series Trends and Breakdown.” The Pakistan Development Review 51 (4): 493–504.
   Google Scholar
• Salazar, R. C. A., B. Y. Díaz, and R. P. Pardo Pinzón. 2013. “A Counting Multidimensional Poverty Index in Public Policy Context: The Case of Colombia.” OPHI Working Paper Series, 62, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative. Oxford University. https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ophi-wp-62.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Santos, M. E., and K. Ura. 2008. Multidimensional Poverty in Bhutan: Estimates and Policy Implications. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
   Google Scholar
• Sen, A. K. 1976. “Poverty: An Ordinary Approach to Measurement.” Econometrica 44 (2): 219–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, A. K. 1983. “Poor, Relatively Speaking.” Oxford Economic Papers 35 (2): 153–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simkins, C. 2004. What Happened to the Distribution of Income in South Africa between 1995 and 2001? University of the Witwatersrand. Accessed 25 October 2014. http://www.sarpn.org/documents/d0001062/P1175-simkins_Nov2004.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• STATSSA. 2012. Census 2011: Municipal Fact Sheet. Pretoria: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• STATSSA. 2015. General Household Survey 2014. Pretoria: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• STATSSA. 2017. Poverty Trends in South Africa: An Examination of Absolute Poverty Between 2006 and 2015. Report No. 03-10-06. Pretoria: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• STATSSA (Statistics South Africa). 2002. Earning and Spending in South Africa: Selected Findings and Comparisons From the Income and Expenditure Surveys of October 1995 and October 2000. Pretoria: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• Thorbecke, E. 2005. Multidimensional Poverty: Conceptual and measurement issues. Paper prepared for The Many Dimensions of Poverty International Conference, UNDP International Poverty Centre, Brasilia, 29–31 August.
   Google Scholar
• Tran, V. Q., S. Alkire, and S. Klasen. 2015. “Static and Dynamic Disparities between Monetary and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement: Evidence from Vietnam.” OPHI Working Paper 97, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Tsui, K. 2002. “Multidimensional Poverty Indices.” Social Choice & Welfare 19: 69–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Berg, S., and M. Megan Louw. 2004. “Towards Time Series Estimates of Distribution and Poverty.” South African Journal of Economics 72 (3): 546–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelan, C. T., R. Layte, and B. Maître. 2004. “Understanding the Mismatch Between Income Poverty and Deprivation: A Dynamic Comparative Analysis.” European Sociological Review 20 (4): 287–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolard, I., and M. Leibbrandt. 1999. “Measuring Poverty in South Africa.” Working paper, No. 123, Cape Town: Development Policy Research Unit.
   Google Scholar
• Woolard, I., and M. Leibbrandt. 2001. “Measuring Poverty in South Africa.” In Fighting Poverty. Labour Markets and Inequality in South Africa, edited by H. Bhorat, M. Leibbrandt, M. Maziya, S. Van der Berg, and I. Woolard, 41–73. Cape Town: UCT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, K., and L. Osberg. 2001. “On Sen’s Approach to Poverty Measures and Recent Developments.” China Economic Quarterly 1 (1): 151–170.
   Google Scholar