Extension services in Ethiopia: First adoption of chemical fertilizers in rural villages

References

• Abebaw, D., and M. G. Haile. 2013. “The Impact of Cooperatives on Agricultural Technology Adoption: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia.” Food Policy 38: 82–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abebe, G. K., J. Bijman, and A. Royer. 2016. “Are Middlemen Facilitators or Barriers to Improve Smallholders’ Welfare in Rural Economies? Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia.” Journal of Rural Studies 43: 203–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrar, S., O. Morrissey, and T. Rayner. 2004. “Aggregate Agricultural Supply Response in Ethiopia: A Farm-Level Analysis.” Journal of International Development 16 (4): 605–620.
   Google Scholar
• Aggey, M., N. K. T. Ghartey, and C. K. Brown. 2015. “Dissemination Effort, Innovation Attributes, and Variations in Innovation Dissemination Rate.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 7 (3): 177–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AGRA. 2014. Africa Agriculture Status Report: Climate Change and Smallholder Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. Nairobi: Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Alesina, A., A. Devleeschauwer, W. Easterly, S. Kurlat, and R. Wacziarg. 2003. “Fractionalization.” Journal of Economic Growth 8 (2): 155–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alesina, A., and E. L. Ferrara. 2000. “Participation in Heterogeneous Communities.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 115 (3): 847–904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alesina, A., and E. L. Ferrara. 2005. “Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance.” Journal of Economic Literature 43 (3): 762–800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, A., and D. B. Rahut. 2013. “Impact of Agricultural Extension Services on Technology Adoption and Crops Yield: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan.” Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 3 (11): 801.
   Google Scholar
• Asfaw, A., and A. Admassie. 2004. “The Role of Education on the Adoption of Chemical Fertiliser Under Different Socioeconomic Environments in Ethiopia.” Agricultural Economics 30 (3): 215–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avane, A., B. Amfo, R. Aidoo, and J. O. Mensah. 2021. “Adoption of Organic Fertilizer for Cocoa Production in Ghana: Perceptions and Determinants.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/20421338.2021.1892254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekele, W., and L. Drake. 2003. “Soil and Water Conservation Decision Behavior of Subsistence Farmers in the Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia: a Case Study of the Hunde-Lafto Area.” Ecological Economics 46 (3): 437–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beretta, E., M. Fontana, M. Guerzoni, and A. Jordan. 2018. “Cultural Dissimilarity: Boon or Bane for Technology Diffusion?” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 133: 95–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevan, P., and A. Pankhurst. 1996a. Ethiopian Village Studies: Doma. Oxford, UK: Department of Sociology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia and Centre for the Study of African Economies.
   Google Scholar
• Bevan, P., and A. Pankhurst. 1996b. Ethiopian Village Studies: Haresaw. Oxford, UK: Department of Sociology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia and Centre for the Study of African Economies.
   Google Scholar
• Bewket, W. 2007. “Soil and Water Conservation Intervention with Conventional Technologies in Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia: Acceptance and Adoption by Farmers.” Land Use Policy 24 (2): 404–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonger, T., G. Ayele, and T. Kuma. 2004. “Agricultural Extension, Adoption and Diffusion in Ethiopia.” Working paper, page Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) EDRI.
   Google Scholar
• Byerlee, D., D. Spielman, D. Alemu, and M. Gautam. 2007. “Policies to Promote Cereal Intensification in Ethiopia: A review of evidence and experience.” International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion Paper 00707. .IFPRI, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Census. 2007. The 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Statistical Report at Country Level. Addis Ababa: Office of the Population Census Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Croppenstedt, A., M. Demeke, and M. M. Meschi. 2003. “Technology Adoption in the Presence of Constraints: the Case of Fertilizer Demand in Ethiopia.” Review of Development Economics 7 (1): 58–70.
   Google Scholar
• Dadi, L., M. Burton, and A. Ozanne. 2004. “Duration Analysis of Technological Adoption in Ethiopian Agriculture.” Journal of Agricultural Economics 55 (3): 613–631.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, K., B. Swanson, D. Amudavi, D. A. Mekonnen, A. Flohrs, J. Riese, C. Lamb, and E. Zerfu. 2010. “In-depth assessment of the public agricultural extension system of Ethiopia and recommendations for improvement.” International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper, 1(01041).
   Google Scholar
• Dercon, S., and L. Christiaensen. 2011. “Consumption Risk, Technology Adoption and Poverty Traps: Evidence from Ethiopia.” Journal of Development Economics 96 (2): 159–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dercon, S., D. O. Gilligan, J. Hoddinott, and T. Woldehanna. 2009. “The Impact of Agricultural Extension and Roads on Poverty and Consumption Growth in Fifteen Ethiopian Villages.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 91 (4): 1007–1021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Weerdt, J. 2002. Risk-sharing and Endogenous Network Formation. WIDER Discussion Papers//World Institute for Development Economics (UNU-WIDER).
   Google Scholar
• Diao, X., P. B. Hazell, D. Resnick, and J. Thurlow. 2007. The Role of Agriculture in Development: Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa, Volume 153. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Duflo, E., M. Kremer, and J. Robinson. 2011. “Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya.” American Economic Review 101 (6): 2350–22390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easterly, W., and R. Levine. 1997. “Africa’s Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (4): 1203–1250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabiyi, E. 2015. “Adoption of Improved Soyabean Technologies in Processing and Utilization as Supplement with Local Foods in Bauchi Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria.” American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 6 (4): 223.
   Google Scholar
• Fafchamps, M. 2006. “Development and Social Capital.” The Journal of Development Studies 42 (7): 1180–1198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feder, G., R. E. Just, and D. Zilberman. 1985. “Adoption of Agricultural Innovations in Developing Countries: A Survey.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 33 (2): 255–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehr, E., S. Gächter, and G. Kirchsteiger. 1997. “Reciprocity as a Contract Enforcement Device: Experimental Evidence.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 65 (4): 833–860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franck, R., and I. Rainer. 2012. “Does the Leader’s Ethnicity Matter? Ethnic Favoritism, Education, and Health in sub-Saharan Africa.” American Political Science Review 106 (02): 294–325.
   Google Scholar
• Guerzoni, M., and E. Raiteri. 2015. “Demand-side vs. Supply-Side Technology Policies: Hidden Treatment and new Empirical Evidence on the Policy mix.” Research Policy 44 (3): 726–747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, P. W. 1986. “Statistics and Causal Inference.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 81 (396): 945–960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, D. L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, A., and M. Guerzoni. 2020. The Pain of a New Idea: Do Late Bloomers Response to Extension Service in Rural Ethiopia?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.02846.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, Alexander, and Marco Guerzoni. 2021. “Cursed is the Ground Because of you.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s00191-021-00731-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlan, D., M. Mobius, T. Rosenblat, and A. Szeidl. 2009. “Trust and Social Collateral.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (3): 1307–1361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassa, B. 2003. “Agricultural Extension in Ethiopia: The Case of Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System.” Journal of Social Development in Africa 18 (1): 49–84.
   Google Scholar
• Kassa, B., and D. Abebaw. 2004. “Challenges Facing Agricultural Extension Agents: A Case Study from South-Western Ethiopia.” African Development Review 16 (1): 139–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassie, M., P. Zikhali, K. Manjur, and S. Edwards. 2009. “Adoption of sustainable agriculture practices: Evidence from a semi-arid region of Ethiopia.” In Natural Resources Forum, volume 33, pages 189–198. Wiley Online Library.
   Google Scholar
• King, G., C. Lucas, and R. Nielsen. 2014. MatchingFrontier: Automated Matching for Causal Inference. R package version 2.0.3.
   Google Scholar
• King, G., C. Lucas, and R. Nielsen. 2016. “The Balance-Sample Size Frontier in Matching Methods for Causal Inference.” American Journal of Political Science 61 (2): 473–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingiri, A. N. 2020. “Agricultural Advisory and Extension Service Approaches and Inclusion in Reaching out to Kenyan Rural Farmers.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/20421338.2020.1823098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowler, D., and B. Bradshaw. 2007. “FarmersÂ’ Adoption of Conservation Agriculture: A Review and Synthesis of Recent Research.” Food Policy 32 (1): 25–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolade, O., T. Harpham, and G. Kibreab. 2014. “Institutional Barriers to Successful Innovations: Perceptions of Rural Farmers and key Stakeholders in Southwest Nigeria.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 6 (4): 339–353.
   Google Scholar
• Krishnan, P., and M. Patnam. 2014. “Neighbors and Extension Agents in Ethiopia: Who Matters More for Technology Adoption?” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 96 (1): 308–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Porta, R., F. Lopez-de Silanes, A. Shleifer, and R. Vishny. 1999. “The Quality of Government.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 15 (1): 222–279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maffioli, A., D. Ubfal, G. Vazquez-Bare, and P. Cerdan-Infantes. 2013. “Improving Technology Adoption in Agriculture Through Extension Services: Evidence from Uruguay.” Journal of Development Effectiveness 5 (1): 64–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmai, N. 2016. “Farmers’ investments in innovative technologies in times of precipitation extremes: a statistical analysis for rural Tanzania.” ESt Cognetti di Martiis Working Paper Series 17/16.
   Google Scholar
• Mossie, M., and B. Meseret. 2015. “A Review on the Role of Extension Service for Agricultural Transformation with Particular Emphasis on Ethiopia.” Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development 2 (1): 224–228.
   Google Scholar
• Munshi, K. 2014. “Community Networks and the Process of Development.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 28 (4): 49–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisrane, F., G. Berhane, S. Asrat, G. Getachew, A. S. Taffesse, and J. Hoddinott. 2011. “Sources of Inefficiency and Growth in Agricultural Output in Subsistence Agriculture: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis.” Working paper, pages Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II (ESSP II).
   Google Scholar
• Platteau, J.-P. 1994. “Behind the Market Stage Where Real Societies Exist-Part I: The Role of Public and Private Order Institutions.” The Journal of Development Studies 30 (3): 533–577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platteau, J.-P. 2009. “Institutional Obstacles to African Economic Development: State, Ethnicity, and Custom.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71 (3): 669–689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragasa, C., G. Berhane, F. Tadesse, and A. S. Taffesse. 2013. “Gender Differences in Access to Extension Services and Agricultural Productivity.” The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 19 (5): 437–468.
   Google Scholar
• Rashid, S., N. Tefera, N. Minot, and G. Ayele. 2013. “Can Modern Input use be Promoted Without Subsidies? An Analysis of Fertilizer in Ethiopia.” Agricultural Economics 44 (6): 595–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. 2003. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spielman, D. J., D. Kelemwork, and D. Alemu. 2011. “Seed, Fertilizer, and Agricultural Extension in Ethiopia, Chapter.” In Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia: Progress and Policy Challenges, edited by P. A. Dorosh, and S. Rashid, 84–122. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sunding, D., and D. Zilberman. 2001. “The Agricultural Innovation Process: Research and Technology Adoption in a Changing Agricultural Sector.” Handbook of Agricultural Economics 1: 207–261.
   Google Scholar
• Weir, S., and J. Knight. 2004. “Externality Effects of Education: Dynamics of the Adoption and Diffusion of an Innovation in Rural Ethiopia.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 53 (1): 93–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yesuf, M., A. Mekonnen, G. Köhlin, and F. Carlsson. 2005. “Are Agricultural Extension Packages what Ethiopian Farmers Want? A Stated Preference Analysis.” rapport nr.: Working Papers in Economics, 2005(172).
   Google Scholar