Informal structures in knowledge and the effectiveness of the transfer process among construction workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

References

• Adams, A. V., S. J. de Silva, and S. Razmara. 2013. Improving Skills Development in the Informal Sector: Strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa. Directions in Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Aggarwal, A. 2013. “Lessons Learnt from Informal Apprenticeship Initiatives in Southern and Eastern Africa.” In 5th International Conference of the International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP), edited by Salim Akoojee, Philipp Gonon, Ursel Hauschildt, and Christine Hofmann, 113–116. Johannesburg.
   Google Scholar
• Aikaeli, J., and B. K. Mkenda. 2014. “Determinants of Informal Employment: A Case of Tanzania’s Construction Industry.” Botswana Journal of Economics, 51–73. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2706021.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Jabri, H., and K. A. Al-Busaidi. 2018. “Inter-organizational Knowledge Transfer in Omani SMEs: Influencing Factors.” VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 48 (3): 333–351. doi:10.1108/VJIKMS-10-2017-0069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albertson, K., J. Phillips, A. Fowler, and B. Collinso. 2022. “Who Owns Desistance? A Triad of Agency Enabling Social Structures in the Desistance Process.” Theoretical Criminology 26 (1): 153–172. doi:10.1177/1362480620968084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alla-Mensah, J., and S. McGrath. 2021. “A Capability Approach to Understanding the Role of Informal Apprenticeship in the Human Development of Informal Apprentices.” Journal of Vocational Education and Training. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/13636820.2021.1951332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apunda, E. A., H. M. de Klerk, and T. Ogina. 2017. “Technical Knowledge and Skills Development in the Informal Sector in Kenya: The Case of Custom Tailors.” International Review of Education 63 (3): 341–361. doi:10.1007/s11159-017-9643-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billett, S. 2004. “Learning Through Work: Workplace Participatory Practices.” In Workplace Learning in Context, edited by Helen Reinbird, Alison Fuller, and Anne Munro, 109–125. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bjorvatn, T., and W. Andreas. 2020. “The Impact of Time Pressure on Knowledge Transfer Effectiveness in Teams: Trust as a Critical but Fragile Mediator.” Journal of Knowledge Management 24 (10): 2357–2372. doi:10.1108/JKM-05-2020-0379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J., P. Y. T. Sun, and R. J. McQueen. 2010. “The Impact of National Cultures on Structured Knowledge Transfer.” Journal of Knowledge Management 14 (2): 228–242. doi:10.1108/13673271011032373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, William G. 1953. Sampling Techniques. London: Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Dall’Oglio, A. M., B. Rossiello, M. C. Caselli, L. Ravà, V. Ciommo, M. Orzalesi, P. Giannantoni, and P. Pasqualetti. 2010. “Developmental Evaluation at age 4: Validity of an Italian Parental Questionnaire.” Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 46 (7-8): 419–426. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01748.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duru, C., A. Iwu, K. Uwakwe, K. Diwe, I. Merenu, C. Emerole, C. Adaeze, C. Onyekuru, and O. Ihunnia. 2016. “Assessment of Immunization Status, Coverage and Determinants among Under 5 Years old Childrens in Owerri, Immo State, Nigeria.” Open Access Library Journal 3 (6): 1–17. doi:10.4236/oalib.1102753.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., and D. Larcker. 1981. “Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error.” Journal of Marketing Research 18 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1177/002224378101800104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foss, N. J., H. Kenneth, and M. Snejina. 2010. “Governing Knowledge Sharing in Organizations: Levels of Analysis, Governance Mechanisms, and Research Directions.” Journal of Management Studies 47 (3): 455–482. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00870.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessler, M. 2019. “Concepts of Apprenticeship: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Pitfalls.” In Handbook of Vocational Education and Training: Developments in the Changing World of Work, edited by McGrath Simon, Mulder Martin, Papier Joy, and Suart Rebecca, 677–704. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Greenslade-Yeats, J. 2021. “Gossip and the Informal Organization: How Gossiping Shapes Emergent Social Structures at Work.” PhD Thesis, Faculty of Business., Auckland University of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Hinton, P. R., I. McMurray, and C. Brownlow. 2014. SPSS Explained. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hodgson, S., A. Maleeha, and A. Eman. 2014. “The Effect of Job Rotation on Employees in Organizations in the UAE.” Middle East Journal of Business 9 (4): 35–44. doi:10.5742/MEJB.2014.92509.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann, C., and W. Okolo. 2013. “Transitions in Informal Apprenticeship: Results from ILO Research in Several African Countries.” 5th International Conference of the International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP), 145–148. Johannesburg.
   Google Scholar
• Höjlund, G. 2013. “Vocational Skills Formation in the Informal Economy in Tanzania.” 5th International Conference of the International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP), 133–136. Johannesburg.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, S. D., H. Bentzen, and J. Taug. 2020. “On the ‘Missing Link’ Between Formal Organization and Informal Social Structure.” Journal of Organization Design 9 (13). doi:10.1186/s41469-020-00076-x.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, L., and J. Lean. 2018. “Entrepreneurial Learning – A Social Context Perspective: Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania.” Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25 (4): 609–627. doi:10.1108/JSBED-02-2017-0075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaarsma, T., H. Maat, P. Richards, and A. Wals. 2011. “The Role of Materiality in Apprenticeships: The Case of the Suame Magazine, Kumasi, Ghana.” Journal of Vocational Education & Training 63 (3): 439–449. doi:10.1080/13636820.2011.572173.
   Google Scholar
• Jason, A. 2008. “Organizing Informal Workers in the Urban Economy.” Habitat International 32 (2): 192–202. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2007.08.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaymaza, K. 2010. “The Effect of Job Rotation Practices on Motivation: A Research on the Managers in Automotive Organizations.” Business and Economics Research Journal 1 (3): 69–85.
   Google Scholar
• Kikwasi, G. J. 2011. “Evaluation of Construction Skills in Tanzania.” Engineering, Construction and Architectural Studies 18 (2): 127–139.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinbaum, A. M., and E. S. Toby. 2014. “Network Responsiveness: The Social Structural Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities.” Academy of Management Perspectives 28 (4): 353–367. doi:10.5465/amp.2013.0096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb, D. A. 2015. Experiential Learning: Experience as a Source of Learning and Development. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Kuada, J., and E. Mensah. 2018. “Knowledge Transfer in the Emerging Solar Energy Sector in Ghana.” Contemporary Social Science 15 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1080/21582041.2018.1510132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lave, J. 1990. “The Culture of Acquisition and the Practice of Understanding.” In Cultural Psychology, edited by J. W. Stigler, R. A. Shweder, and G. Herdt, 259–286. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lave, J., and E. Wenger. 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, H., and C. Yang. 2015. “Job Rotation: An Effective Tool to Transfer the Tacit Knowledge Within an Enterprise.” Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies 3 (1): 34–40. doi:10.4236/jhrss.2015.31005.
   Google Scholar
• Manyati, T. 2014. “Innovation Through Knowledge Sharing: Evidence from the Informal Sector in Harare, Zimbabwe.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 6 (4): 281–288. doi:10.1080/20421338.2014.947196.
   Google Scholar
• Mcevily, B., G. Soda, and M. Tortoriello. 2014. “More Formally: Rediscovering the Missing Link Between Formal Organization and Informal Social Structure.” Academy of Management Annals 8 (1): 299–345. doi:10.5465/19416520.2014.885252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie, G. 2022. “A Thomistic Personalist Approach to Social Structures.” American Maritain Association Annual Meeting, April 8, 2022, Upper Saucon Township, PA. https://www.academia.edu/76856970/A_Thomistic_Personalist_Approach_to_Social_Structures.
   Google Scholar
• Metso, S., and A. Kianto. 2014. “Vocational Students’ Perspective on Professional Skills Workplace Learning.” Journal of Workplace Learning 26 (2): 128–148. doi:10.1108/JWL-07-2013-0044.
   Google Scholar
• Mkenda, B., and J. Aikaeli. 2014. “Informal Construction Employment, Earnings and Activities: A Boon or Bane for Tanzania?” Tanzanian Economic Review 4 (1): 1–23. doi:10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.8.
   Google Scholar
• Morisset, J., V. Cunningham, and M. Haji. 2014. “Tanzania Economic Update: Who Wants a job? The Magnetic Power of Cities.” The World Bank Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit Africa Region, Working Paper No. 5. New York: World Bank. Accessed November 3, 2022. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/393381468122079213/pdf/PRIORITY00000005th0Issue01900602014.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Moshi, I., I. R. Msuya, and G. Todd. 2018. “Tanzania: National Urban Policies and City Profiles for Dar es Salaam and Ifakara.” Research Report. Dar es Salaam: Ifakara Health Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Mselle, J., and S. S. Alananga. 2017. “Knowledge Incubation in Informal Construction Practices: A Critical Review of the Literature.” International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 6 (3): 63–77.
   Google Scholar
• Nesan, J. 2012. “Factors Influencing Tacit Knowledge in Construction.” The Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building 5 (1): 48–57.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. 1978. Psychometric Theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Nübler, I., C. Hofmann, and C. Greiner. 2009. “Understanding Informal Apprenticeship – Findings from Empirical Research in Tanzania.” Employment Working Paper No. 32. Geneva: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• Onstenk, J. 2013. “Improving the Quality of Apprenticeships as Learning Environment.” 5th International Conference of the International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP), Johannesburg, 87–90.
   Google Scholar
• Owira, A. J., and K. Ogollah. 2014. “The Role of Knowledge Management Enablers in Successful Projects: Case of Construction Industry in Kenya.” European Journal of Business Management 1 (11): 318–336.
   Google Scholar
• Owusu-Manu, D., D. J. Edwards, E. A. Pärn, M. F. Antwi-Afari, and C. Aigbavboa. 2018. “The Knowledge Enablers of Knowledge Transfer: A Study in the Construction Industries in Ghana.” Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 16 (2): 194–210. doi:10.1108/JEDT-02-2017-0015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rea, L. M., and R. A. Parker. 2014. Designing and Conducting Survey Research: A Comprehensive Guide. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Ren, X., X. Deng, and L. Liang. 2018. “Knowledge Transfer Between Projects Within Project-Based Organizations: The Project Nature Perspective.” Journal of Knowledge Management 22 (5): 1082–1103. doi:10.1108/JKM-05-2017-0184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, X., Z. Yan, Z. Wang, and J. He. 2020. “Inter-project Knowledge Transfer in Project-Based Organizations: An Organizational Context Perspective.” Management Decision 58 (5): 844–863. doi:10.1108/MD-11-2018-1211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogoff, B. 1990. Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rogoff, B. 1993. “Children’s Guided Participation and Participatory Appropriation in Sociocultural Activity.” In Development in Context: Acting and Thinking in Specific Environments, edited by Robert H. Woxniak, and Kurt W. Fischer, 121–153. New Jersey: Hillsdale.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, J. L., A. S. Bryk, D. Peurach, D. Sherer, E. Khachatryan, P. G. LeMahieu, J. Z. Sherer, and M. Hannan. 2019. “The Social Structure of Networked Improvement Communities: Cultivating the Emergence of a Scientific Professional Learning Community.” In American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting. Toronto: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
   Google Scholar
• Shehab, S., R. Eladwiah, and S. Daud. 2018. “A Review of Individual Factors on Knowledge Sharing: Evidence from the Empirical Literature.” International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7 (4.15): 186–194. doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.21444.
   Google Scholar
• Sheikh, F. 2014. “Exploring Informal Sector Community Innovations and Knowledge Appropriation: A Study of Kashmiri Pashmina Shawls.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 6 (3): 203–212. doi:10.1080/20421338.2014.940171.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, H., Z. Li, and X. Yang. 2015. “Processes, Characteristics, and Effectiveness.” Journal of Organizational Change Management 28 (3): 486–503. doi:10.1108/JOCM-12-2013-0251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shittu, A. I., and O. T. Adeosun. 2022. “Learning and Innovation in Informal Settings: The Case of Automobile Workshops in Lagos Metropolitan Area.” African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 14 (7). doi:10.1080/20421338.2021.1987614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, J., X. Ren, and C. J. Anumba. 2019. “Analysis of Knowledge-Transfer Mechanisms in Construction Project Cooperation Networks.” Journal of Management in Engineering 35 (2): 32–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Susanty, A., N. U. Handayanib, and M. Y. Henrawanc. 2012. “Key Success Factors That Influence Knowledge Transfer Effectiveness: A Case Study of Garment Sentra at Kabupaten Sragen.” Procedia Economics and Finance 4: 23–32. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00317-6.
   Google Scholar
• Taplin, I. M. 2011. “Network Structure and Knowledge Transfer in Cluster Evolution.” International Journal of Organizational Analysis 19 (2): 127–145. doi:10.1108/19348831111135074.
   Google Scholar
• Teal, F. 2016. Are Apprenticeship Beneficial for Sub-Saharan Africa? Bonn: IZA World of Labor.
   Google Scholar
• Tian, G., H. Cai, and Y. Jiang. 2018. “A Study of the Effects of Organizational Support on Organizational Learning Based on Knowledge Management.” Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 14 (5): 1979–1986.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd, G., I. Msuya, F. Levira, and I. Moshi. 2019. “City Profile: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.” Environment and Urbanization Asia 10 (2): 193–215. doi:10.1177/0975425319859175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• URT. 2014. Tanzania Education and Training Policy. Dar es Salaam: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• URT. 2022. Population and Housing Cencus 2022 – Preliminary Report in Swahili Language. Dar es Salaam: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Accessed 15th February. https://www.nbs.go.tz/index.php/en/census-surveys/population-and-housing-census/802-matokeo-ya-mwanzo-ya-sensa-ya-watu-na-makazi-ya-mwaka-2022.
   Google Scholar
• Vanstone, M., and L. Grierson. 2021. “Thinking About Social Power and Hierarchy in Medical Education.” Medical Education 56 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1111/medu.14659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virtanena, A., P. Tynjäläb, and A. Eteläpeltoa. 2014. “Factors Promoting Vocational Students’ Learning at Work: Study on Student Experiences.” Journal of Education and Work 27 (1): 43–70. doi:10.1080/13639080.2012.718748.
   Google Scholar
• Wachira, I. N. 2008. “An Investigation Into the Training of Labour in the Informal Construction Sector in Kenya.” PhD Thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Wakkee, I., K. Hoestenberghe, and E. Mwasalwiba. 2018. “Capability, Social Capital and Opportunity-Driven Graduate Entrepreneurship in Tanzania.” Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25 (4): 554–572. doi:10.1108/JSBED-02-2017-0053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Y., and S. Miraglia. 2017. “Organizational Culture and Knowledge Transfer in Project-Based Organizations: Theoretical Insights from a Chinese Construction Firm.” International Journal of Project Management 35 (4): 571–585. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.02.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells, J., and A. Jason. 2010. “Employement Relationships and Organizing Strategies in the Informal Construction Sector.” African Studies Quarterly 11 (2): 107–124.
   Google Scholar
• Wen, M. L., and D. Y. Lin. 2014. “How Supportive Transfer Climate Affects Individual’s Motivation to Training Transfer.” International Journal of Learning and Development 4 (1): 83–97. doi:10.5296/ijld.v4i1.5074.
   Google Scholar
• Wen, P., and R. Wang. 2022. “Does Knowledge Structure Matter? Key Factors Influencing Formal and Informal Knowledge Sharing in Manufacturing.” Journal of Knowledge Management 26 (9): 2275–2305. doi:10.1108/JKM-06-2021-0478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZadJabbari, B., P. Wongthongtham, and F. K. Hussain. 2010. “Ontology Based Approach in Knowledge Sharing Measurement.” Journal of Universal Computer Science 16 (6): 956–982.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Q., S. Chen, X. Deng, and A. Mahmoudi. 2022a. “Knowledge Transfer among Members Within Cross-Cultural Teams of International Construction Projects.” Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 30 (4): 1787–1808. doi:10.1108/ECAM-09-2021-0838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, S., L. Qin, J. Zhang, and X. Cao. 2022b. “Research on the Influencing Factors of Knowledge Transfer among Construction Workers Based on Social Cognitive Theory.” Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 2022. doi:10.1108/ECAM-07-2021-0621
   Google Scholar