A systematic literature review and mapping of systemic barriers to digital learning innovation in Africa in the context of changing global value chains

References

• Alavi, M., and D. E. Leidner. 2001. “Research Commentary: Technology-Mediated Learning—A Call for Greater Depth and Breadth of Research.” Information Systems Research 12 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1287/isre.12.1.1.9720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldowah, Hanan, Hosam Al-Samarraie, and Samar Ghazal. 2019. “How Course, Contextual, and Technological Challenges are Associated with Instructors’ Individual Challenges to Successfully Implement E-Learning: A Developing Country Perspective.” IEEE Access 7: 48792–48806. doi:10.1109/access.2019.2910148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldowah, Hanan, Irfan Umar, Samar Ghazal, Brandford Bervell, and Amira Saif. 2020. “Examining the Effect of Lecturers’ Demographic Variables on the Challenges Facing the Use of E-learning in a University Context.” International Journal of Business Information Systems 35 (4): 439–458. doi: 10.1504/IJBIS.2020.111650.
   Google Scholar
• Aldowah, Hanan, Al-Samarraie, Hosam, Alzahrani, Ahmed Ibrahim, Alalwan, Nasser 2020 Factors Affecting Student Dropout in MOOCs: A Cause and Effect Decision-making Model Journal of Computing in Higher Education 32 (2): 429–454 doi: 10.1007/s12528-019-09241-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amutabi, M. N., and M. O. Oketch. 2003. “Experimenting in Distance Education: The African Virtual University (AVU) and the Paradox of the World Bank in Kenya.” International Journal of Educational Development 23 (1): 57–73. doi:10.1016/s0738-0593(01)00052-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacow, Lawrence S., William G. Bowen, Kevin Guthrie, Kelly Lack, and Matthew C. Long. 2012. “Barriers to Adoption of Online Learning Systems in U.S. Higher Education.” doi:10.18665/sr.22432.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, Sara, and Daniel Otto. 2019. “Digital Learning and Sustainable Development.” Springer eBooks, 1–10. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63951-2_374-1.
   Google Scholar
• Bergek, Anna, Staffan Jacobsson, Bo Carlsson, Sven Lindmark, and Annika Rickne. 2008. “Analyzing the Functional Dynamics of Technological Innovation Systems: A Scheme of Analysis.” Research Policy 37 (3): 407–429. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2007.12.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrás, Susana, and Charles Edquist. 2019. Holistic Innovation Policy: Theoretical Foundations, Policy Problems, and Instrument Choices. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, W. G.; Delbanco, A.; Gardner, H.; Hennessy, J. L.; Koller, D. 2013 Higher Education in the Digital Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Breschi, Stefano, and Franco Malerba. 1996. Sectoral Innovation Systems: Technological Regimes, Schumpeterian Dynamics and Spatial Boundaries.
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson, B., and R. Stankiewicz. 1991. “On the Nature, Function and Composition of Technological Systems.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics 1 (2): 93–118. doi:10.1007/bf01224915.
   Google Scholar
• Chamináde, Cristina, Bengt-Åke Lundvall, Jan Vang, and K. J. Joseph. 2009. “Designing Innovation Policies for Development: Towards a Systemic Experimentation-Based Approach.” Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, doi:10.4337/9781849803427.00022.
   Google Scholar
• Chesbrough, Henry. 2003. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. https://amp.aom.org/content/20/2/86.abstract.
   Google Scholar
• Chesbrough, Henry. 2010. “Business Model Innovation: Opportunities and Barriers.” Long Range Planning 43 (2–3): 354–363. doi: 10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang, Isaac L. 2016. “HarvardX and MITX: Four Years of Open Online Courses – Fall 2012-Summer 2016.” Social Science Research Network, doi:10.2139/ssrn.2889436.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, Norman and Calestous Juma. 1988. "Part III – How Well Does Established Theory Work." (LEM Chapters Series). In Technical Change and Economic Theory, edited by Giovanni Dosi, Christopher Freeman, Richard Nelson, Gerarld Silverberg, and Luc Soete, 120–218. Pisa: Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies. https://ideas.repec.org/h/ssa/lemchs/dosietal-1988-3.html.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, Philip, Mikel Gomez Uranga, and Goio Etxebarria. 1997. “Regional Innovation Systems: Institutional and Organisational Dimensions.” Research Policy 26 (4–5): 475–491. doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(97)00025-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Witt, C., and C. Gloerfeld. 2017. “Mobile Learning and Higher Education.” In The Digital Turn in Higher Education: International Perspectives on Learning and Teaching in a Changing World, edited by D. Kergel, B. Heidkamp, P. Telléus, T. Rachwal, and S. Nowakowski, 61–79. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-19925-8_6.
   Google Scholar
• de Witt, C., and C. Gloerfeld. 2020 “New Communication and New Learning: The Transformation of Higher Education by Mobile Learning.” edited by David Kergel, Birte Heidkamp-Kergel, Ronald C. Arnett, and Susan Mancino, 184–195. London: Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.43249780429430114-16/new-communication-new-learning-claudia-de-witt-christina-gloerfeld.
   Google Scholar
• DeBoer, Jennifer, Andrew D. Ho, Glenda S. Stump, and Lori Breslow. 2014. “Changing ‘Course.’.” Educational Researcher 43 (2): 74–84. doi:10.3102/0013189x14523038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBoer, Jennifer, and Lori Breslow. 2016. “Work in Progress: Student Behaviors Using Feedback in a Blended Physics Undergraduate Classroom.” Proceedings of the 3rd (2016) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 229–232. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.11452876034.2893421.
   Google Scholar
• Dosi, Giovanni, Freeman Christopher, Richard Nelson, Richard Silverberg, and Luc Soete. 1988. Technical Change and Economic Theory. Burns & Oates.
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, Henry, and Loet Leydesdorff. 2000. “The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and ‘Mode 2’ to a Triple Helix of University–Industry–Government Relations.” Research Policy 29 PDF file (2): 109–123. doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00055-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagerberg, Jan, Bengt-Åke Lundvall, and Martin Srholec. 2018. “Global Value Chains, National Innovation Systems and Economic Development.” The European Journal of Development Research 30 (3): 533–556. doi:10.1057/s41287-018-0147-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, Chris. 2002. “Continental, National and Sub-national Innovation Systems—Complementarity and Economic Growth.” Research Policy 31 (2): 191–211. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00136-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, Christopher C. 1987 Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons From Japan. Pinter Publications https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200465533_Technology_Policy_and_Economic_Performance_Lessons_From_Japan
   Google Scholar
• Gunga, Samson O., and Ian W. Ricketts. 2006. “Facing the Challenges of E-Learning Initiatives in African Universities.” British Journal of Educational Technology 38 (5): 896–906. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00677.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunga, S. O., and I. W. Ricketts. 2007. “Facing the Challenges of E-learning Initiatives in African Universities.” British Journal of Educational Technology 38 (5): 896–906. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00677.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunga, S. O., and I. W. Ricketts. 2008. “The Prospects for E-learning Revolution in Education: A Philosophical Analysis.” Educational Philosophy and Theory 40 (2): 294–314. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2007.00332.x.
   Google Scholar
• Gwamba, Gerald, Godfrey Mayende, Ghislain Maurice, Norbert Isabwe, and Paul Birevu Muyinda. 2018. “Conceptualising Design of Learning Management Systems to Address Institutional Realities.” Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 43–50. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73204-6_6.
   Google Scholar
• Hadjimanolis, Athanasios. 2003. “The Barriers Approach to Innovation.” Elsevier eBooks, 559–573. doi:10.1016/b978-008044198-6/50038-3.
   Google Scholar
• Hadullo, Kennedy, Robert Oboko, and Elijah Omwenga. 2018. “Status of E-Learning Quality in Kenya: Case of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Postgraduate Students.” The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 19 (1), doi:10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.3322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges, Charles, Stephanie Moore, Barb Lockee, Torrey Trust and Aaron Bond. 2020. “The Difference Between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning.” Educause Review. Accessed at https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning.
   Google Scholar
• Ifenthaler, Dirk. 2017. “Designing Effective Digital Learning Environments: Toward Learning Analytics Design.” Technology, Knowledge and Learning 22 (3): 401–404. doi:10.1007/s10758-017-9333-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, Lin, Meryem Demirkaya, and Erika Bethmann. 2019. “Global Value Chain Analysis: Concepts and Approaches United States International Trade Commission.” Journal of International Commerce and Economics. https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/journals/concepts_approaches_in_gvc_research_final_april_18.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Juma, Magdallen N. 2001. The African Virtual University: Kenyatta University, Kenya. Commonwealth Secretariat.
   Google Scholar
• Juma, Calestous. 2023. The University Drop-In: The Life of Calestous Juma in His Own Words. Terra Alta, WV: Headline Books. https://headlinebooks.com/product/the-university-drop-in-the-life-of-calestous-juma-in-his-own-words/.
   Google Scholar
• Jurowetzki, Roman, Rasmus Lema, and Bengt-Åke Lundvall. 2018. “Combining Innovation Systems and Global Value Chains for Development: Towards a Research Agenda.” The European Journal of Development Research 30 (3): 364–388. doi:10.1057/s41287-018-0137-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanwar, Asha, Anna Carr, Kayla Ortlieb, and Romeela Mohee. 2018. “Opportunities and Challenges for Campus-Based Universities in Africa to Translate Into Dual-Mode Delivery.” Distance Education 39 (2): 140–158. doi:10.1080/01587919.2018.1457944.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, M. M. 1963. “Bibliographic Coupling between Scientific Papers.” American Documentation 14 (1): 10–25. doi:10.1002/asi.5090140103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingiri, Ann, Rebecca Hanlin, Andersen Holm, Tigabu Margarethe, and Demeke Aschalew. 2016. “Strengthening Innovation and Development Research Capacity in African Universities.” The case of Africalics. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312218483_Strengthening_innovation_and_development_research_capacity_in_African_universities_the_case_of_AfricaLics
   Google Scholar
• Kitawi, A., J. Sevilla, R. Nkonge, K. Munene, P. Mwangi, and V. Malombe. 2021. “Effectiveness of E-learning in Refugee Camps: A Case Study of Certified Public Accountancy Course offered at Kakuma Refugee Camp.” International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 13 (2): 167–81. doi: 10.1504/IJTEL.2021.114073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leydesdorff, Loet, and Henry Etzkowitz. 1998. “Triple Helix of Innovation: Introduction.” Science & Public Policy. Accessed at doi:10.1093/spp/25.6.358.
   Google Scholar
• Liberati, Alessandro, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Cynthia Mulrow, Peter C. Gøtzsche, John P. A. Ioannidis, Mike Clarke, P. J. Devereaux, Jos Kleijnen, and David Moher. 2009. “The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration.” PLoS Medicine 6 (7): e1000100. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundvall, Bengt-Åke. 2007. “National Innovation Systems – Analytical Concept and Development Tool.” Industry & Innovation 14 (1): 95–119. doi:10.1080/13662710601130863.
   Google Scholar
• Macfadyen, Leah P., and Dawson Shane. 2012. “Numbers Are Not Enough. Why e-Learning Analytics Failed to Inform an Institutional Strategic Plan.” Journal of Educational Technology & Society 15 (3): 149–63. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.15.3.149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makokha, George Lukoye, and Dorothy Nduko Mutisya. 2016. “Status of E-Learning in Public Universities in Kenya.” The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 17 (3), doi:10.19173/irrodl.v17i3.2235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg, Anders, and Peter Maskell. 1997. “Towards an Explanation of Regional Specialization and Industry Agglomeration.” European Planning Studies 5 (1): 25–41. doi:10.1080/09654319708720382.
   Google Scholar
• Mangeni, Francis, and Calestous, Juma. 2018. Emergent Africa: Evolution of Regional Economic Integration Terra Alta, WV: Headline Books. https://headlinebooks.com/product/emergent-africa-evolution-of-regional-economic-integration/.
   Google Scholar
• Maskell, P., and A. Malmberg. September 2007. “Myopia, Knowledge Development and Cluster Evolution.” Journal of Economic Geography 7 (5): 603–618. doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbm020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzucato, Mariana. 2013. The Entrepreneurial State. http://oro.open.ac.uk/30159/2/Entrepreneurial_State_-_web.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mbaya, Martin, Robert Mudida, and Brian Omwenga. 2023. Innovative Governance Systems – Kenya, Rwanda and the implementation of Africa’s Agenda 2063 through the AfCFTA in Adesida, Olugbenga. 2023. Innovation Ecosystems in Africa: Solving the Problems That We Have. Amalion Publishing. https://www.amalion.net/catalogue/innovation-ecosystems-in-africa/.
   Google Scholar
• McPherson, M. A. 2003. “Planning for Success in eLearning in HE: A Strategic View.” In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies and Applications and the 4th Conference on Virtual University (ICETA 2003), 11-13 September 2003, Kosice, Slovak Republic, edited by F. Jakab, and A. Cizmar, 449–452. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303547202_Planning_for_success_in_elearning_a_strategic_view.
   Google Scholar
• McPherson, Michael S., and Lawrence S. Bacow. 2015. “Online Higher Education: Beyond the Hype Cycle.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (4): 135–154. doi:10.1257/jep.29.4.135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, Kevin. 1997. “The Learning Region: Institutions, Innovation and Regional Renewal.” Regional Studies 31 (5): 491–503. doi: 10.1080/00343409750132289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchie, Mammo, Peter Gammeltoft, and Bengt-Åke Lundvall. 2003. Putting Africa First: The Making of African Innovation Systems. https://www.ieri.org.za/publications/putting-africa-first-making-african-innovation-systems.
   Google Scholar
• Mugabe, John. 2011. Science, Technology and Innovation in Africa’s Regional Integration – From Rhetoric to Practice ACODE Policy Research Series 44 of 2011. https://www.acode-u.org/uploadedFiles/PRS44.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mukama, E. 2016. Baseline study on ODeL in Rwanda. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning. Accessed at http://oasis.col.org/bitstream/handle/11599/2489/2016_Mukama_Baseline-Study-ODeL-Rwanda.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
   Google Scholar
• Mukama, E. 2018. “From Policies to Implementation of Open Distance Learning in Rwanda: A Genealogical and Governmentality Analysis.” Journal of Learning for Development 5 (1): 40–56. doi: 10.56059/jl4d.v5i1.237.
   Google Scholar
• Munene, Ishmael I. 2007. “Experimenting in Distance Education: The African Virtual University (AVU) and the Paradox of the World Bank in Kenya – A Rejoinder.” International Journal of Educational Development 27 (1): 77–85. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.05.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nafukho, F. M. 2007. “The Place of E-Learning in Africa's Institutions of Higher Learning.” Higher Education Policy 20 (1): 19–43. Accessed at https://www.learntechlib.org/p/69508/.
   Google Scholar
• Nafukho, Fredrick M., and Machuma Helen Muyia. 2013. “The World Bank‘s Africa Virtual University Project: A Revisit.” In European Journal of Training and Development 37, no. 7, edited by Fredrick Nafukho, 646–661.
   Google Scholar
• Neema-Abooki, P., and A. K. Kitawi. 2014. “Impact of E-Learning Strategy on Students’ Academic Performance at Strathmore University, Kenya.” Makerere Journal of Higher Education 6 (1): 99. doi:10.4314/majohe.v6i1.6.
   Google Scholar
• Nketekete, Malefetsane E., and Mamoeletsi Limakatso Mojalefa. 2021. “Exploring Open and Distance Learning Reform at the National University of Lesotho: A Managerial Perspective.” The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 22 (4): 41–52. doi:10.19173/irrodl.v22i4.6283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyerere, Jackline Anyona, Frederick Q Gravenir, and Godfrey S Mse. 2012. “Delivery of Open, Distance, and e-Learning in Kenya.” The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 13 (3): 185. doi:10.19173/irrodl.v13i3.1120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyerere, J. K. A., and V. Friso. 2013. “Forums for Dialogue between University and Industry: A case of Kenyatta University, Kenya and University of Padua, Italy.” European Journal of Training and Development 37 (7): 662–77. doi: 10.1108/EJTD-10-2012-0060.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, Claire Methven, John Ferguson, and Marisa McVey. 2021. “National Action Plans on Business and Human Rights: An Experimentalist Governance Analysis.” Human Rights Review 23 (1): 71–99. doi:10.1007/s12142-021-00637-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouma-Mugabe, John Jauhiainen, and Jussi Mbaya. 2022. “Martin Sustainability-Oriented Innovation in Africa: Conceptualizations, Policy and Practice.” Paper presented at November 2022 5th AfricaLics Conference. https://conference.africalics.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Pahlevan-Sharif, Saeed, Paolo Mura, and Sarah N.R. Wijesinghe. 2019. “A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews in Tourism.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 39: 158–165. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.04.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, Michael E. 1985. Competitive Advantage. New York: Free Press. https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=193.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, Michael E. 1990. “The Competitive Advantage of Nations.” Harvard Business Review (March – April 1990). https://hbr.org/1990/03/the-competitive-advantage-of-nations.
   Google Scholar
• Rikap, Cecilia, and Bengt-Åke Lundvall. 2021. The Digital Innovation Race: Conceptualizing the Emerging New World Order. Springer Nature.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank (a), Barron Rodriguez, Maria Rebeca, Cobo Romani, Juan Cristobal, Munoz-Najar Alberto, Sanchez Ciarrusta, and Inaki Alejandro. 2021. Remote Learning During the Global School Lockdown: Multi-Country Lessons (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/938969fe-4d61-5bf8-a945-7a7a78c56a46.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank (b), Alberto Munoz-Najar, Gilberto Sanzana, Alison Grace, Amer Hasan, Cobo Romani, Juan Cristobal, Joao Pedro Azevedo, Wagner De, and Maryam Akmal. 2021. Remote Learning During COVID-19: Lessons from Today, Principles for Tomorrow (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. https://documents.banquemondiale.org/fr/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/160271637074230077/remote-learning-during-covid-19-lessons-from-today-principles-for-tomorrow
   Google Scholar
• Sharif, Saeed Pahlevan, Paolo Mura, and Sarah N.R. Wijesinghe. 2018. “Systematic Reviews in Asia: Introducing the ‘PRISMA’ Protocol to Tourism and Hospitality Scholars.” Perspectives on Asian Tourism, 13–33. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2463-5_2.
   Google Scholar
• Small, Henry. 1973. “Co-Citation in the Scientific Literature: A New Measure of the Relationship between Two Documents.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 24 (4): 265–269. doi:10.1002/asi.4630240406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soete, Luc. 2021. “How Covid-19 Could Trigger Organisational Innovation in Education.” Annals of Social Sciences & Management Studies 6 (3), doi:10.19080/asm.2021.06.555687.
   Google Scholar
• Strayer, J. F. 2012. “How Learning in an Inverted Classroom Influences Cooperation, Innovation and Task Orientation.” Learning Environments Research 15 (2): 171–193. doi: 10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4.
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. 2020. Financing the Recovery from COVID-19: Building education back better. https://www.unicef.org/esa/media/7666/file/UNICEF-ESARO-Financing-Recovery-COVID19-2020.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Vitasek, Kate. 2013. “Supply Chain Management Terms and Glossary.” Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals. Accessed at https://cscmp.org/CSCMP/Educate/SCM_Definitions_and_Glossary_of_Terms/CSCMP/Educate/SCM_Definitions_and_Glossary_of_Terms.aspx?hkey=60879588-f65f-4ab5-8c4b-6878815ef921.
   Google Scholar
• WEF. 2020. Li, Cathy; Lalani, Farah 2020 The COVID-19 Pandemic has Changed Education Forever. This is How – World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/.
   Google Scholar
• Woolthuis, Rosalinde Klein, Maureen Lankhuizen, and Victor Gilsing. 2005. “A System Failure Framework for Innovation Policy Design.” Technovation 25 (6): 609–619. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2003.11.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar