1,865
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

From peaks to prairies: a time-of-travel synoptic survey of pesticides in watersheds of southern Alberta, Canada

, , &
Pages 438-452 | Received 11 Jun 2018, Accepted 18 Jun 2019, Published online: 01 Oct 2019

References

  • Aguilar JAP, Andreu V, Campo J, Picó Y, Masiá A. 2017. Pesticide occurrence in the waters of Jucar River, Spain for different farming landscapes. Sci Total Environ. 607–608:752–760. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.176
  • Alavanja MCR. 2009. Pesticide use and exposure extensive worldwide. Rev Environ Health. 24:303–309. doi: 10.1515/REVEH.2009.24.4.303
  • Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development. 2010. South Saskatchewan River Basin water supply study summary. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$Department/deptdocs.nsf/all/irr13053/$FILE/ssrb2010.pdf
  • Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development. 2014. Crop Protection 2014. Edmonton (AB): Information Management Division; 540 p.
  • Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development. 2015. Agriculture statistics factsheet. Agdex 853. Edmonton, (AB): Canada Economics and Competitiveness Division, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; 2 p.
  • Alberta Environment. 2006. Aquatic ecosystems field sampling protocols. Edmonton (AB): Alberta Environment. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/8bbadf46-6795-42b5-8324-f49b38bed799/resource/ce758929-5564-42e4-b7c7-fed08994afcb/download/7805.pdf
  • Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development. 2015a. Overview of 2013 pesticide sales in Alberta. Edmonton (AB): Land Policy Branch. http://aep.alberta.ca/lands-forests/land-industrial/programs-and-services/pesticide-management/pesticide-sales/documents/Overview2013PesticideSales-Aug-2015.pdf
  • Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development. 2015b. Urban pesticide use estimates: City of Calgary 2013 data. Prepared by the Policy Division; 6 p.
  • Anderson A-M. 2005. Overview of pesticide data in Alberta’s surface waters since 1995. Alberta. Edmonton (AB): Alberta Environment; 179 p. http://aep.alberta.ca/water/programs-and-services/surface-water-quality-program/documents/PesticideDataAlbertaSurfaceWater-Nov2005.pdf
  • Anesio AHC, Santos MV, Silveira RR, Ferreira EA, Dos Santos JB, Da Silva LD. 2018. Persistence of auxinic herbicides applied on pasture and toxicity for succeeding crops. Ann Braz Acad Sci. 90:1717–1732. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170134
  • Bailey HC, Deanovic L, Reves E, Kimbali T, Larson K, Cortright K, Connor V, Hinton DE. 2000. Diazinon and chlorpyrifos in urban waterways in Northern California, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem. 19:82–87. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620190109
  • Baker NT, Stone WW. 2013. Preliminary estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 2010–11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2-p. pamphlet, 14 tables. http://dx/doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131295
  • Barber LB, Keefe SH, Kolpin DW, Schnoebelen DJ, Flynn JL, Brown GK, Furlong ET, Glassmeyer ST, Gray JL, Meyer MT, et al. 2011. Lagrangian sampling of wastewater treatment plant effluent in Boulder Creek, Colorado, and Fourmile Creek, Iowa, during the summer of 2003 and spring of 2005—Hydrological and chemical data: US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1054; 84 p.
  • Barber LB, Keefe SH, Brown GK, Furlong ET, Gray JL, Kolpin DW, Meyer MT, Sandstrom MW, Zaugg SD. 2013. Persistence and potential effects of complex organic contaminant mixtures in wastewater-impacted streams. Environ Sci Technol. 47:2177–2188. doi: 10.1021/es303720g
  • Basiuk M, Brown RA, Cartwright D, Davison R, Wallis PM. 2017. Trace organic compounds in rivers, streams, and wastewater in southeastern Alberta, Canada. Inland Waters. 7:283–296. doi: 10.1080/20442041.2017.1329908
  • Blanchoud H, Farrugia F, Mouchel JM. 2004. Pesticide uses and transfers in urbanised catchments. Chemosphere. 55:905–913. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.11.061
  • Brown JB, Battaglin WA, Zuellig RE. 2009. Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado. J Am Water Res As. 45:68–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x
  • Budd R, Bondarenko S, Haver D, Kabashima J, Gan J. 2007. Occurrence and bioavailability of pyrethroids in a mixed land use watershed. J Environ Qual. 36:1006–1012. doi: 10.2134/jeq2006.0249
  • Burkhardt M, Kupper T, Hean S, Haag R, Schmid P, Kohler M, Boller M. 2007. Biocides used in building materials and their leaching behavior in sewer systems. Water Sci Technol. 56:63–67. doi: 10.2166/wst.2007.807
  • Burns CJ, Swaen GMH. 2012. Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology. Critical Rev Toxicol. 42:768–786. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2012.710576
  • Byrtus G, Anderson A-M, Saffran K, Bruns G, Checknita L. 2002. Determination of new pesticides in Alberta’s surface waters (1999-2000). Alberta Environment publication No. T/674. Edmonton; 22 p.
  • Byrtus G, Pongar K, Browning C, Burland R, McGuinness E, Humphries D. 2004. A summary of pesticide residues from the Alberta Treated Water Survey, 1995-2003. Edmonton (AB): Alberta Environment, Environmental Assurance Service; 57 p.
  • Cahill MG, Caprioli G, Stack M, Vittori S, James KJ. 2011. Semi-automated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for basic pesticides in wastewater effluents. Anal Bioanal Chem. 400:587–594. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-4781-1
  • [CCME] Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. 2005. Canadian water quality guidelines for protection of agricultural water uses: summary table. Updated October 2005. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999. Winnipeg (MB): Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
  • Capesius JP, Stephens VC. 2009. Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado: US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5136; 46 p.
  • Carpenter KD, Kuivila KM, Hladik ML, Haluska T, Cole MB. 2016. Storm-event transport of urban-use pesticides to streams likely impairs invertebrate assemblages. Environ Monit Assess. 188:345. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5215-5
  • Challis JK, Cuscito LD, Joudan S, Luong KH, Knapp CW, Hanson ML, Wong CS. 2018. Inputs, source appointment, and transbounderary transport of pesticides and other polar organic contaminants along the lower Red River, Manitoba, Canada. Sci Total Environ. 635:803–816. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.128
  • Charest J, Olson B, Kalischuk A, Gross D, editors. 2015. Water quality in Alberta’s irrigation districts 2011 to 2015: 2014 progress report. Lethbridge (AB): Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; 215 p.
  • Cook SR, Kerr JL, Kobryn M, Piorkowski G, Zuzak K, Olson BM, Pekrul M, Feindel D, Kalischuk A. 2018. Neonicotinoids in surface water from Alberta’s agricultural areas: 2018 report. Lethbridge (AB): Alberta Agriculture and Forestry.
  • DeQuattro ZA, Karasov WH. 2016. Impacts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacteic acid aquatic herbicide formulations on reproduction and development of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Chem. 35:1478–1488. doi: 10.1002/etc.3293
  • Derksen J, Inglis GD, Sheedy C. 2015. Lethbridge storm water outfalls monitoring study, microbiological, pesticides and nutrients analysis (2012-2014). Lethbridge (AB): Oldman Watershed Council; 78 p.
  • Donald DB, Cessna AJ, Sverko E, Glozier NE. 2007. Pesticides in surface drinking-water supplies of the Northern Great Plains. Environ Health Perspect. 115:1183–1191. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9435
  • Donald DB, Gurprasad NP, Quinnett-Abbott L, Cash K. 2001. Diffuse geographic distribution of herbicides in northern prairie wetlands. Environ Toxicol Chem. 20:273–279. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620200207
  • Emerson DG, Vecchia AV, Dahl AL. 2005. Evaluation of drainage-area ratio method used to estimate streamflow for the Red River of the North Basin, North Dakota and Minnesota: US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5017; 13 p.
  • Ensminger MP, Budd R, Kelley KC, Goh KS. 2013. Pesticide occurrence and aquatic benchmark exceedances in urban surface waters and sediments in three urban areas of California, USA, 2008–2011. Environ Monit Assess. 185:3697–3710. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2821-8
  • Environment Canada. 2011. Presence and levels of priority pesticides in selected Canadian aquatic ecosystems. Water Science and Technology Directorate; 8 p.
  • Fairbairn DJ, Karpuzcu ME, Arnold WA, Barber BL, Kaufenberg EF, Koskinen WC, Novak PJ, Rice PJ, Swackhamer DL. 2016. Sources and transport of contaminants of emerging concern: a two-year study of occurrence and spatiotemporal variation in a mixed land use watershed. Sci Total Environ. 551–552:605–613. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.056
  • Freydier L, Lundgren JG. 2016. Unintended effects of the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba on lady beetles. Ecotoxicology. 25:1270–1277. doi: 10.1007/s10646-016-1680-4
  • Gagnon P, Sheedy C, Farenhorst A, McQueen RDA, Cessna AJ, Newlands NK. 2014. A coupled stochastic/deterministic model to estimate the evolution of the risk of water contamination by pesticides across Canada. Integr Environ Assess Manag. 10(3):429–436. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1533
  • Gagnon P, Sheedy C, Farenhorst A, Cessna AJ, Newlands NK, McQueen RDA. 2016. Pesticides. In: Clearwater RL, Martin T, Hoppe T, editors. Environmental sustainability of Canadian agriculture: agri-environmental indicator report series Report #4, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Chapter 14; p. 153–165. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/aac-aafc/A22-201-2016-eng.pdf
  • Gamhewage M, Farenhorst A, Sheedy C. 2019. Phenoxy herbicides interactions with river bottom sediments. Sediments. doi: 10.1007/s11368-019-02339-x
  • Garabrant DH, Philbert MA. 2002. Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) epidemiology and toxicology. Crit Rev Toxicol. 32:233–257. doi: 10.1080/20024091064237
  • Gasperi J, Sebastian C, Ruban V, Delamain M, Percot S, Wiest L, Mirande C, Caupos E, Demare D, Diallo Kessoo Kessoo M, et al. 2014. Micropollutants in urban stormwater: occurrence, concentrations, and atmospheric contributions for a wide range of contaminants in three French catchments. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 21:5267–5281. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2396-0
  • Gassman M, Olsson O, Stamm C, Weiler M, Kummerer K. 2015. Physico-chemical characteristics affect the spatial distribution of pesticide and transformation product loss to an agricultural brook. Sci Total Env. 532:733–743. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.068
  • Gerecke AC, Schärer M, Singer HP, Müller SR, Scharzenbach RP, Sägesser M, Ochsenbein U, Popow G. 2002. Sources of pesticides in surface waters in Switzerland: pesticide load through waste water treatment plants-current situation and reduction potential. Chemosphere. 48:307–315. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00080-2
  • Grossman K. 2010. Auxin herbicides: current status of mechanism and mode of action. Pest Manag Sci. 66:113–120.
  • Guerrero-Estévez SM, López-López E. 2016. Effects of endocrine disruptors on reproduction in viviparous teleosts with intraluminal gestation. Rev Fish Biol Fish. 26:563–587. doi: 10.1007/s11160-016-9443-0
  • Health Canada. 2014. Pest control products sales report for 2014. Ottawa. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/reports-publications/pesticides-pest-management/corporate-plans-reports/pest-control-products-sales-report-2014.html
  • Hill BD, Harker KN, Hasselback P, Inaba DJ, Byers SD, Moyer JR. 2002a. Herbicides in Alberta rainfall as affected by location, use and season: 1999 to 2000. Water Qual Res J. 37:515–542. doi: 10.2166/wqrj.2002.035
  • Hill BD, Harker KN, Hasselback P, Moyer JR, Inaba DJ, Byers SD. 2002b. Phenoxy herbicides in Alberta rainfall: potential effects on sensitive crops. Can J Plant Sci. 82:481–484. doi: 10.4141/P01-136
  • Hladik ML, Domagalski JL, Kuivila KM. 2009. Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events. Sci Total Environ. 408:356–364. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040
  • Hoffman RS, Capel PD, Larson SJ. 2000. Comparison of pesticides in eight U.S. urban streams. Environ Toxicol Chem. 19:2249–2258. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620190915
  • [IUPAC] International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2013. Pesticide properties database online. http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/iupac/atoz.htm.
  • Iwanyshyn M, Ryan MC, Chu A. 2008. Separation of physical loading from photosynthesis/respiration processes in rivers by mass balance. Sci Total Environ. 390:205–214. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.038
  • JMP. 1989–2007. Version 14.0.0. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.
  • Johnson HM, Domagalski JL, Saleh DK. 2011. Trends in pesticide concentrations in streams of the Western United States, 1993–2005. J Am Water Resour Assoc. 47:265–286.
  • Kerr JL, Guo Z, Smith DW, Goss GG, Belosevic M. 2008. Use of goldfish to monitor wastewater and reuse water for xenobiotics. J Environ Eng Sci. 7:369–383. doi: 10.1139/S08-011
  • Kimbrough RA, Litke DW. 1996. Pesticides in streams draining agricultural and urban areas in Colorado. Environ Sci Technol. 30:908–916. doi: 10.1021/es950353b
  • Kock-Schulmeyer M, Villagrasa M, de Alda M L, Céspedes-Sánchez R, Ventura F, Barceló D. 2013. Occurrence and behavior of pesticides in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental impact. Sci Total Environ. 458–460:466–476. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.010
  • Kumar Y. 2001. Pesticides in ambient air in Alberta. ISBN 0-7785-1889-4. Report prepared for the Air Research Users Group. Edmonton (AB): Alberta Environment.
  • Lammoglia SK, Kennedy MC, Barriuso E, Alletto L, Justes E, Munier-Jolain N, Mamy L. 2017. Assessing human health risks from pesticide use in conventional and innovative cropping systems with the BROWSE model. Environ Int. 105:66–78. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.04.012
  • López-Doval JC, Montagner CC, de Alburquerque AF, Moschini-Carlos V, Umbuzeiro G, Pompêo M. 2017. Nutrients, emerging pollutants and pesticides in a tropical urban reservoir: spatial distributions and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ. 575:1307–1324. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.210
  • Meade RH, Stevens HH. 1990. Strategies and equipment for sampling suspended sediment and associated toxic chemicals in large rivers – with emphasis on the Mississippi River. Sci Total Environ. 97–98:125–135. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90235-M
  • Metcalfe RA, Chang C, Smakhtin V. 2005. Tools to support the implementation of environmentally sustainable flow regimes at Ontario’s waterpower facilities. Can Water Resour J. 30:97–110. doi: 10.4296/cwrj3002097
  • Monteith HD, Parker WJ, Bell JP, Melcer H. 1995. Modeling the fate of pesticides in municipal wastewater treatment. Water Environ Res. 67:964–970. doi: 10.2175/106143095X133194
  • Moody JA, Goolsby DA. 1993. Spatial variability of triazine herbicides in the lower Mississippi River. Environ Sci Technol. 27:2120–2126. doi: 10.1021/es00047a018
  • Morgan MK, Sheldon LS, Thomas KW, Egeghy PP, Croghan CW, Jones PA, Chuang JC, Wilson NK. 2008. Adult and children’s exposure to 2,4-D from multiple sources and pathways. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 18:486–494. doi: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500641
  • Munira S, Farenhorst A, Sapkota K, Nilsson D, Sheedy C. 2018. Auxin herbicides and pesticide mixtures in groundwater of a Canadian Prairie province. J Environ Qual. 47(6):1462–1467. doi: 10.2134/jeq2018.05.0202
  • Nitschke L, Schussler W. 1998. Surface water pollution by herbicides from effluents of waste water treatment plants. Chemosphere. 36:35–41. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00286-5
  • Nowell LH, Moran PW, Schmidt TS, Norman JE, Nakagaki N, Shoda ME, Mahler BJ, Van Metre PC, Stone WW, Sandstrom MW, Hladik ML. 2018. Complex mixtures of dissolved pesticides show potential aquatic toxicity in a synoptic study of Midwestern U.S. streams. Sci Total Environ. 613–614:1469–1488. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.156
  • Phelan C. 2012. Pesticides in Alberta’s agricultural watersheds: a synthesis. Edmonton (AB): Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development.
  • Phillips PJ, Bode RW. 2004. Pesticides in surface water runoff in south-eastern New York State, USA: seasonal and stormflow effects on concentrations. Pest Manag Sci. 60:531–543. doi: 10.1002/ps.879
  • Piel S, Baurès E, Thomas O. 2012. Contribution to surface water contamination understanding by pesticides and pharmaceuticals, at a watershed scale. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 9:4433–4451. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9124433
  • Rawn DFK, Halldorson THJ, Lawson BD, Muir DCG. 1999. A multi-year study of four herbicides in air and precipitation from a small prairie watershed. J Environ Qual. 28:898–906. doi: 10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800030022x
  • Rippy MA, Deletic A, Black J, Aryal R, Lampard J-L, Tang JY-M, McCarthy D, Kolotelo P, Sidhu J, Gernjak W. 2017. Pesticide occurrence and spatio-temporal variability in urban run-off across Australia. Water Res. 115:245–255. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.010
  • Ross LJ, Stein R, Hsu J, White J, Hefner K. 1996. Distribution and mass loading of insecticides in the San Joaquin River, California: environmental hazards assessment program, environmental monitoring and pest management branch, Department of Pesticide Regulation. Sacramento, California Report EH 96-06; 3 p.
  • Saffran KA. 2005. Oldman River Basin water quality initiative surface water quality summary report April 1998 – March 2003.
  • SAS Institute Inc. 2017. The SAS system for windows, version 9.4. Cary (NC): SAS Institute.
  • Schwientek M, Guillet G, Rugner H, Kuch B, Grathwohl P. 2016. A high-precision sampling scheme to assess persistence and transport characteristics of micropollutants to rivers. Sci Total Environ. 540:444–454. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.135
  • Silvanima J, Woeber A, Sunderman-Barnes S, Copeland R, Sedlacek C, Seal T. 2018. A synoptic survey of selecte wastewater-tracer compounds and the pesticide imidacloprid in Florida’s ambient freshwaters. Environ Monit Assess. 190:435. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6782-4
  • Smakhtin VU, Shilpakar RL. 2005. Planning for environmental water allocations: an example of hydrology-based assessment in the East Rapti River, Nepal. Research Report 89. Colombo (Sri Lanka): International Water Management Institute.
  • University of Hertfordshire. 2013. The Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB) developed by the Agriculture and Environment Research Unit (AERU), University of Hertfordshire, funded by UK national sources and through EU-funded projects, 2006–2013.
  • US Army Corps of Engineers. 1991. User manual SSARR model streamflow synthesis and reservoir regulation. Portland (OR): North Pacific Division.
  • [US EPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 2018. https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/aquatic-life-benchmarks-and-ecological-risk
  • Weed Science Society of America. 1994. Herbicide handbook seventh edition. Champaign (IL): Weed Science Society of America.
  • Weston DP, Asbell AM, Lesmeister SA, The SJ, Lydy MJ. 2014. Urban and agricultural pesticide inputs to a critical habitat for the threatened delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus). Environ Toxicol Chem. 33:920–929. doi: 10.1002/etc.2512
  • Wilson J. 2012. Agricultural pesticide use trends in Manitoba and 2,4-D fate in soil [dissertation]. Winnipeg (MB): University of Manitoba.
  • Wittmer IK, Bader HP, Scheidegger R, Singer H, Luck A, Hanke I, Carlsson C, Stamm C. 2010. Significance of urban and agricultural land use for biocide and pesticide dynamics in surface waters. Water Res. 44:2850–2862. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.030
  • Wittmer IK, Scheidegger R, Bader HP, Singer H, Stamm C. 2011. Loss rates of urban biocides can exceed those of agricultural pesticides. Sci Total Environ. 409:920–932. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.11.031
  • Wynn KH, Spahr NE. 1998. Low-flow water-quality characterization of the Gore Creek watershed, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, August 1996: US Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-160-97; 4 p.