417
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effects of generation on source memory: A test of the resource tradeoff versus processing hypothesis

Pages 765-780 | Received 21 Nov 2011, Accepted 24 Apr 2012, Published online: 04 Jul 2012

REFERENCES

  • Andrade , J. and Meudell , P. 1993 . Is spatial information encoded automatically in memory? . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 46A : 365 – 375 .
  • Batchelder , W. H. and Riefer , D. M. 1990 . Multinomial processing models of source monitoring . Psychological Review , 97 : 548 – 564 .
  • Batchelder , W. H. and Riefer , D. M. 1999 . Theoretical and empirical review of multinomial process tree modeling . Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , 6 : 57 – 86 .
  • Bayen , U. J. , Murnane , K. and Erdfelder , E. 1996 . Source discrimination, item detection, and multinomial models of source monitoring . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 22 : 197 – 215 .
  • Bayen , U. J. , Nakamura , G. V. , Dupuis , S. E. and Yang , C.-L. 2000 . The use of schematic knowledge about sources in source monitoring . Memory and Cognition , 28 : 480 – 500 .
  • Bertsch , S. , Pesta , B. J. , Wiscott , R. and McDaniel , M. A. 2007 . The generation effect: A meta-analytic review . Memory and Cognition , 35 : 201 – 210 .
  • Bröder , A. and Meiser , T. 2007 . Measuring source memory . Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology , 215 : 52 – 60 .
  • Burns , D. J. 1996 . The item-order distinction and the generation effect: The importance of order information in long-term memory . American Journal of Psychology , 109 : 567 – 580 .
  • Craik , F. I. M. 1989 . “ On the making of episodes ” . In Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honor of Endel Tulving , Edited by: Roediger , H. L. III and Craik , F. I. M. 43 – 57 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • D'Argembeau , A. and van der Linden , M. 2004 . Influence of affective meaning on memory for contextual information . Emotion , 4 : 173 – 188 .
  • Ellis , N. R. 1990 . Is memory for spatial location automatically encoded? . Memory and Cognition , 18 : 584 – 592 .
  • Faul , F. , Erdfelder , E. , Lang , A.-G. and Buchner , A. 2007 . G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences . Behavior Research Methods , 39 : 175 – 191 .
  • Finke , R. A. , Johnson , M. K. and Shyi , G. C.-W. 1988 . Memory confusions for real and imagined completions of symmetrical visual patterns . Memory and Cognition , 16 : 133 – 137 .
  • Foley , M. A. and Foley , H. J. 2007 . Source-monitoring judgments about anagrams and their solutions: Evidence for the role of cognitive operations information in memory . Memory and Cognition , 35 : 211 – 221 .
  • Geghman , K. D. and Multhaup , K. S. 2004 . How generation affects source memory . Memory and Cognition , 32 : 819 – 823 .
  • Hasher , L. and Zacks , R. T. 1979 . Automatic and effortful processes in memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 108 : 356 – 388 .
  • Hu , X. and Batchelder , W. H. 1994 . The statistical analysis of general processing tree models with the EM algorithm . Psychometrika , 59 : 21 – 47 .
  • Jacoby , L. L. 1983 . Remembering the data: Analyzing interactive processes in reading . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 22 : 485 – 508 .
  • Johnson , M. K. 1988 . Reality monitoring: An experimental phenomenological approach . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 117 : 390 – 394 .
  • Johnson , M. K. , Hashtroudi , S. and Lindsay , D. S. 1993 . Source monitoring . Psychological Bulletin , 114 : 3 – 28 .
  • Johnson , M. K. , Nolde , S. F. and de Leonardis , D. M. 1996 . Emotional focus and source monitoring . Journal of Memory and Language , 35 : 135 – 156 .
  • Johnson , M. K. and Raye , C. L. 1981 . Reality monitoring . Psychological Review , 88 : 67 – 85 .
  • Johnson , M. K. , Raye , C. L. , Foley , H. J. and Foley , M. A. 1981 . Cognitive operations and decision bias in reality monitoring . American Journal of Psychology , 94 : 37 – 64 .
  • Johnson , M. K. , Raye , C. L. , Foley , M. A. and Kim , J. K. 1982 . Pictures and images: Spatial and temporal information compared . Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , 19 : 23 – 26 .
  • Jurica , P. J. and Shimamura , A. P. 1999 . Monitoring item and source information: Evidence for a negative generation effect in source memory . Memory and Cognition , 27 : 648 – 656 .
  • Kurcz , I. 1967 . Polskie normy powszechności skojarzeń swobodnych na 100 słów z listy Kent-Rosanoffa [Polish norms for free associations to 100 words from Kent-Rosanoff list] . Studia Psychologiczne , 8 : 122 – 255 .
  • Light , L. L. and Berger , D. E. 1974 . Memory for modality: Within-modality discrimination is not automatic . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 103 : 854 – 860 .
  • Mammarella , N. and Fairfield , B. 2008 . Source monitoring: The importance of feature binding at encoding . European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , 20 : 91 – 122 .
  • Marsh , E. J. 2006 . When does generation enhance memory for location? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 32 : 1216 – 1220 .
  • Marsh , E. J. , Edelman , G. and Bower , G. H. 2001 . Demonstrations of a generation effect in context memory . Memory and Cognition , 29 : 798 – 805 .
  • Meiser , T. and Sattler , C. 2007 . Boundaries of the relation between conscious recollection and source memory for perceptual details . Consciousness and Cognition , 16 : 189 – 210 .
  • Meiser , T. , Sattler , C. and von Hecker , U. 2007 . Metacognitive inferences in source memory judgments: The role of perceived differences in item recognition . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 60 : 1015 – 1040 .
  • Mulligan , N. W. 2002 . The generation effect: Dissociating enhanced item memory and disrupted order memory . Memory and Cognition , 30 : 850 – 861 .
  • Mulligan , N. W. 2004 . Generation and memory for contextual detail . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 30 : 838 – 855 .
  • Mulligan , N. W. 2011 . Generation disrupts memory for intrinsic context but not extrinsic context . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 64 : 1543 – 1562 .
  • Mulligan , N. W. and Lozito , J. P. 2004 . “ Self-generation and memory ” . In Psychology of learning and motivation , Edited by: Ross , B. Vol. 45 , 175 – 214 . San Diego , CA : Elsevier Academic Press .
  • Mulligan , N. W. , Lozito , J. P. and Rosner , Z. A. 2006 . Generation and context memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 32 : 836 – 846 .
  • Nairne , J. S. , Riegler , G. L. and Serra , M. 1991 . Dissociative effects of generation on item and order retention . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 17 : 702 – 709 .
  • Naveh-Benjamin , M. 1987 . Coding of spatial location information: An automatic process? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 13 : 595 – 605 .
  • Naveh-Benjamin , M. 1988 . Recognition memory of spatial location information: Another failure to support automaticity . Memory and Cognition , 16 : 437 – 445 .
  • Naveh-Benjamin , M. , Guez , J. and Marom , M. 2003 . The effects of divided attention at encoding on item and associative memory . Memory and Cognition , 31 : 1021 – 1035 .
  • Nieznański , M. 2010 . Effects of self-activation on reality monitoring task performance: A preliminary exploration . Cognition, Brain Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 14 : 1 – 22 .
  • Nieznański , M. 2011 . Generation difficulty and memory for source . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 64 : 1593 – 1608 .
  • Park , D. C. and Mason , D. A. 1982 . Is there evidence for automatic processing of spatial and color attributes present in pictures and words? . Memory and Cognition , 10 : 76 – 81 .
  • Rabinowitz , J. C. 1989 . Judgments of origin and generation effects: Comparison between young and elderly adults . Psychology and Aging , 4 : 259 – 268 .
  • Rabinowitz , J. C. 1990 . Effects of repetition of mental operations on memory for occurrence and origin . Memory and Cognition , 18 : 72 – 82 .
  • Rabinowitz , J. C. , Craik , F. I. M. and Ackerman , B. P. 1982 . A processing resource account of age differences in recall . Canadian Journal of Psychology , 36 : 325 – 344 .
  • Reinitz , M. T. , Morrissey , J. and Demb , J. 1994 . Role of attention in face encoding . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 20 : 161 – 168 .
  • Riefer , D. M. , Chien , Y. and Reimer , J. F. 2007 . Positive and negative generation effects in source monitoring . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 60 : 1389 – 1405 .
  • Riefer , D. M. , Hu , X. and Batchelder , W. H. 1994 . Response strategies in source monitoring . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 20 : 680 – 693 .
  • Rouder , J. N. , Speckman , P. L. , Sun , D. , Morey , R. D. and Iverson , G. 2009 . Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis . Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , 16 : 225 – 237 .
  • Schmidt , S. R. 1990 . A test of resource-allocation explanations of the generation effect . Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , 28 : 93 – 96 .
  • Serra , M. and Nairne , J. S. 1993 . Design controversies and the generation effect: Support for an item-order hypothesis . Memory and Cognition , 21 : 34 – 40 .
  • Slamecka , N. J. and Graf , P. 1978 . The generation effect: Delineation of a phenomenon . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , 4 : 592 – 604 .
  • Stahl , C. and Klauer , K. C. 2007 . HMMTree: A computer program for latent-class hierarchical multinomial processing tree models . Behavior Research Methods , 39 : 267 – 273 .
  • Troyer , A. K. and Craik , F. I. M. 2000 . The effect of divided attention on memory for items and their context . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 54 : 161 – 170 .
  • Troyer , A. K. , Winocur , G. , Craik , F. I. M. and Moscovitch , M. 1999 . Source memory and divided attention: Reciprocal costs to primary and secondary tasks . Neuropsychology , 13 : 467 – 474 .
  • Wetzels , R. , Matzke , D. , Lee , M. D. , Rouder , J. N. , Iverson , G. J. and Wagenmakers , E.-J. 2011 . Statistical evidence in experimental psychology: An empirical comparison using 855 t tests . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 6 : 291 – 298 .
  • Wippich , W. 1995 . Self-awareness and source monitoring . Swiss Journal of Psychology , 54 : 131 – 140 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.