1,201
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Limiting open science? Three approaches to bottom-up governance of dual-use research of concern

ORCID Icon, , , , , & show all

References

  • Ienca M, Vayena E. Dual use in the 21st century: emerging risks and global governance. Swiss Med Wkly. 2018;148(4748):w14688. doi: 10.4414/smw.2018.14688
  • Imperiale MJ, Casadevall A. Rethinking gain-of-function experiments in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. MBio. 2020;11(4):e01868–20. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01868-20
  • Pannu J, Palmer MJ, Cicero A, et al. Strengthen oversight of risky research on pathogens. Sci. 2022;378(6625):1170–1172. doi: 10.1126/science.adf6020
  • Millett PD. Gaps in the international governance of dual-use research of concern. 2017 January 17 [cited 2023 February 11]. Available from: https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/pgasite/documents/webpage/pga_176434.pdf
  • McLeish C. Reflecting on the problem of dual use. In: Rappert B, and McLeish C, editors A web of prevention: biological weapons, life sciences and the governance of research. New York, NY: Earthscan; 2007. pp. 189–208.
  • Hamilton RA, Mampuys R, Galaitsi SE. Opportunities, challenges, and future considerations for top-down governance for biosecurity and synthetic biology. In: Trump B, Florin MV, Perkins E Linkov I, editors. Emerging threats of synthetic biology and biotechnology: addressing security and resilience issues. Springer Netherlands; 2021. pp. 37–58. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-2086-9_3
  • Kaiser J. U.S. scientists brace for tighten scrutiny of potentially risky research. Sci. 2023;379(6631):422–422. doi: 10.1126/science.adg9442
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Integrity and security in the global research ecosystem. In: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers, no. 130. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2022. doi: 10.1787/23074957
  • White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Enhancing the security and integrity of America’s research enterprise. Washington, DC: White House Office of Science and Technology Policy; 2020. Available from: https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Enhancing-the-Security-and-Integrity-of-Americas-Research-Enterprise.pdf
  • Secretariat of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy, Cabinet Office. Policy for ensuring research integrity (overview). Tokyo, Japan: Secretariat of Science; 2021. Available from: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/doc/policy_overview_en.pdf
  • National Research Council. A survey of attitudes and actions on dual use research in the life sciences: a collaborative effort of the National research council and the American association for the advancement of science. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2009.
  • Swann T, World Health Organization. ’Anarchist technologies’: anarchism, cybernetics and mutual aid in community responses to the COVID-19 crisis. World Health Org. 2022;30(1):193–209. doi: 10.1177/13505084221090632
  • Vinke S, Rais I, Millett P. The dual-use education gap: awareness and education of life science researchers on nonpathogen-related dual-use research. Health Secur. 2022;20(1):35–42. doi: 10.1089/hs.2021.0177
  • Evans SW. When all research is dual use. Issues Sci Technol. 2022;38(3):84–87.
  • Salloch S. The dual use of research ethics committees: why professional self-governance falls short in preserving biosecurity. BMC Med Ethics. 2018;19(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12910-018-0295-0
  • Xue Y, Yu H, Qin G. Towards good governance on dual-use biotechnology for global sustainable development. Sustain. 2021;13(24):14056. doi: 10.3390/su132414056
  • Esvelt KM, Gemmell NJ. Conservation demands safe gene drive. PLoS Biol. 2017;15(11):e2003850. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003850
  • Sokurenko EV, Hasty DL, Dykhuizen DE. Pathoadaptive mutations: gene loss and variation in bacterial pathogens. Trends Microbiol. 1999;7(5):191–195. doi: 10.1016/S0966-842X(99)01493-6
  • Riesselman AJ, Ingraham JB, Marks DS. Deep generative models of genetic variation capture the effects of mutations. Nat Methods. 2018;15(10):816–822. doi: 10.1038/s41592-018-0138-4
  • Hawkins-Hooker A, Depardieu F, Baur S, et al. Generating functional protein variants with variational autoencoders. PLoS Comput Biol. 2021;17(2):e1008736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008736
  • Jumper J, Evans R, Pritzel A, et al. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature. 2021;596(7873):583–589. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2
  • Godbold GD, Hewitt FC, Kappell AD, et al. Improved understanding of biorisk for research involving microbial modification using annotated sequences of concern. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1124100. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1124100
  • Vennis IM, Schaap MM, Hogervorst PAM, et al. Dual-use quickscan: a web-based tool to assess the dual-use potential of life science research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:797076. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.797076
  • Holub M, Agena E. Biofoundries and citizen science can accelerate disease surveillance and environmental monitoring. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:1110376. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1110376
  • International Gene Synthesis Consortium. Harmonized Screening Protocol V2.0. 2017 November 19. Available from: https://genesynthesisconsortium.org/wp-content/uploads/IGSCHarmonizedProtocol11-21-17.pdf
  • Diggans J, Leproust E. Next steps for access to safe, secure DNA synthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:86. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00086
  • Jessop-Fabre MM, Sonnenschein N. Improving reproducibility in synthetic biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:18. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00018
  • Yachie N, Natsume T. Robotic biology consortium, Natsume T. Robotic crowd biology with Maholo LabDroids. Nat Biotechnol. 2017;35(4):310–312. doi: 10.1038/nbt.3758
  • Brizee S, van Passel MWJ, van den Berg LM, et al. Development of a biosecurity checklist for laboratory assessment and monitoring. Appl Biosaf. 2019;24(2):83–89. doi: 10.1177/1535676019838077
  • Moritz RL, Berger KM, Owen BR, et al. Promoting biosecurity by professionalizing biosecurity. Science. 2020;367(6480):856–858. doi: 10.1126/science.aba0376
  • Fearnley L. Viral sovereignty or sequence etiquette? Asian science, open data, and knowledge control in global virus surveillance. East Asian Sci Technol Soc. 2020;14(3):479–505. doi: 10.1215/18752160-8698019
  • Van Noorden R. Scientists call for fully open sharing of coronavirus genome data. Nature. 2021;590(7845):195–196. doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-00305-7
  • Elbe S. Bioinformational diplomacy: global health emergencies, data sharing and sequential life. Eur J Int Relat. 2021;27(3):657–681. doi: 10.1177/13540661211008204
  • Arita M. Open access and data sharing of nucleotide sequence data. Data Sci J. 2021;20(28):1–5. doi: 10.5334/dsj-2021-028
  • Voisin C, Linden M, Dyke SOM, et al. GA4GH passport standard for digital identity and access permissions. Cell Genomics. 2021;1(2):100030. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100030
  • Jasanoff S. Technologies of humility: citizen participation in governing science. Minerva. 2003;41(3):223–244. doi: 10.1023/A:1025557512320
  • Stilgoe J, Owen R, Macnaghten P. Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Res Policy. 2013;42(9):1568–1580. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2013.05.008
  • Frahm N, Doezema T, Pfotenhauer S. Fixing technology with society: the coproduction of democratic deficits and responsible innovation at the OECD and the European commission. Sci Technol Hum Values. 2022;47(1):174–216. doi: 10.1177/0162243921999100
  • Dubov A. The concept of governance in dual-use research. Med Health Care And Philos. 2014;17(3):447–457. doi: 10.1007/s11019-013-9542-9
  • Getz LJ, Dellaire G. Angels and devils: dilemmas in dual-use biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol. 2018;36(12):1202–1205. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.016
  • Ulnicane I, Mahfoud T, Salles A. Experimentation, learning, and dialogue: an RRI-inspired approach to dual-use of concern. J Respons Innov. 2023;10(1). doi: 10.1080/23299460.2022.2094071
  • Whitford CM, Lübke NC, Rückert C. Synthetic biology ethics at iGEM: iGemer perspectives. Trends Biotechnol. 2018;36(10):985–987. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.06.004
  • Minehata M, Sture J, Shinomiya N, et al. Implementing biosecurity education: approaches, resources and programmes. Sci Eng Ethics. 2013;19(4):1473–1486. doi: 10.1007/s11948-011-9321-z
  • Novossiolova T. Biological security education handbook: the power of team-based learning. Bradford, UK: Bradford Disarmament Research Centre, University of Bradford; 2016.
  • Macnaghten P, Shah E, Ludwig D. Making dialogue work: responsible innovation and gene editing. In: The politics of knowledge in inclusive development and innovation. Routledge; 2022. pp. 243–255. doi: 10.4324/9781003112525-22
  • Asveld L, Osseweijer P, Posada JA. Societal and ethical issues in industrial biotechnology. In: Fröhling M Hiete M, editors. Sustainability and life cycle assessment in industrial biotechnology. Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology. Vol. 173. Springer International Publishing; 2019. pp. 121–141. doi: 10.1007/10_2019_100
  • Xie B, Shen Z, Wang K. Is preprint the future of science? A thirty year journey of online preprint services. arXiv:2102.09066; 2021.
  • Watson C. Rise of the preprint: how rapid data sharing during COVID-19 has changed science forever. Nat Med. 2022;28(1):2–5. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01654-6
  • Polka J, Puebla I, Pattinson D, et al. PReF: describing key preprint review features. OSF Preprints. 2022 January 27. doi: 10.31219/osf.io/8zj9w
  • Smith JA, Sandbrink JB. Biosecurity in an age of open science. PLoS Biol. 2022;20(4):e3001600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001600
  • National Institute of Health. Tools for the identification, assessment, management, and responsible communication of dual use research of concern: a companion guide to the United States government policies for oversight of life sciences dual use research of concern. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Health; 2014.
  • BBSRC. MRC and wellcome trust position statement on dual use research of concern and research misuse. 2015. Available from: https://cms.wellcome.org/sites/default/files/wtp059491.pdf
  • MacIntyre CR, Adam DC, Turner R, et al. Public awareness, acceptability and risk perception about infectious diseases dual-use research of concern: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2020;10(1):e029134. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029134
  • Wain-Hobson S. Gain-of-function research can’t deliver pandemic predictions. Are there alternatives? Boll Atom Sci. 2022;27. Available from: https://thebulletin.org/2022/06/gain-of-function-research-cant-deliver-pandemic-predictions-are-there-alternatives/
  • Shinomiya N, Minari J, Yoshizawa G, et al. Reconsidering the need for gain-of-function research on enhanced potential pandemic pathogens in the post-COVID-19 era. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:966586. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.966586
  • Rappert B. Why has not there been more research of concern? Front Public Health. 2014;2:74. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00074
  • Lakoff A. A fragile assemblage: mutant bird flu and the limits of risk assessment. Soc Stud Sci. 2017;47(3):376–397. doi: 10.1177/0306312716666420
  • Herington J, Tanona S. The social risks of science. Hastings Cent Rep. 2020;50(6):27–38. doi: 10.1002/hast.1196
  • Moritz R. Assessing dual use research of concern (DURC)-lessons learned from the United States government institutional DURC policy. Can J Microbiol. 2022;68(11):655–660. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0344
  • Colussi IA. Biolaw and ‘the dual-use dilemma’: the freedom of scientific research in relationship with ‘traditional’ and emerging sciences and technologies. In: Valdés E Lecaros J, editors. Biolaw and policy in the twenty-first century, international library of ethics, Law, and the new medicine. Vol. 78. Springer International Publishing; 2019. pp. 239–255. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-05903-3_16
  • Miller S. Concept of dual use. In: Dual use science and technology, ethics and weapons of mass destruction. Springer International Publishing; 2018. pp. 5–20. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92606-3_2
  • US Department of Health and Human Services. Framework for guiding funding decisions about proposed research involving enhanced potential pandemic pathogens. 2017. Available from: https://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Documents/P3CO.pdf
  • Weissgerber T, Riedel N, Kilicoglu H, et al. Automated screening of COVID-19 preprints: can we help authors to improve transparency and reproducibility? Nat Med. 2021;27(1):6–7. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-01203-7
  • Schulz R, Barnett A, Bernard R, et al. Is the future of peer review automated? BMC Res Notes. 2022;15(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-06080-6
  • Wolinsky H. The FBI and biohackers: an unusual relationship: the FBI has had some success reaching out to the DIY biology community in the USA, but European biohackers remain skeptical of the intentions of US law enforcement. EMBO Rep. 2016;17(6):793–796. doi: 10.15252/embr.201642483
  • Tocchetti S, Aguiton SA. Is an FBI agent a DIY biologist like any other? A cultural analysis of a biosecurity risk. Sci Technol Hum Values. 2015;40(5):825–853. doi: 10.1177/0162243915589634
  • Castelyn C. Oversight of biohacking when the stakes are high: ethics police or FBI? Voices Bioeth. 2020;6. doi: 10.7916/vib.v6i.5898
  • Arora S, van Dyck B, Argumedo A, et al. Choreographed consensus: the stifling of dissent at CRISPRcon 2019. Brighton, UK: ESRC STEPS Centre; 2019 June 28. Available from: https://steps-centre.org/blog/choreographed-consensus-the-stifling-of-dissent-at-crisprcon-2019/
  • Yoshizawa G, van Est R, Yoshinaga D, et al. Responsible innovation in molecular robotics in Japan. Chem-Bio Inform J. 2018;18:164–172. doi: 10.1273/cbij.18.164
  • Inglesby T, Cicero A, Rivers C, et al. Biosafety and biosecurity in the era of synthetic biology: meeting the challenges in China and the U.S. J Biosaf Biosecur. 2019;1(2):73–74. doi: 10.1016/j.jobb.2019.09.003
  • Wang L, Song J, Zhang W. Tianjin biosecurity guidelines for codes of conduct for scientists: promoting responsible sciences and strengthening biosecurity governance. J Biosaf Biosecur. 2021;3(2):82–83. doi: 10.1016/j.jobb.2021.08.001
  • Funtowicz SO, Ravetz JR. Science for the post-normal age. Futures. 1993;25(7):739–755. doi: 10.1016/0016-3287(93)90022-L
  • Stirling A. “Opening up” and ‘closing down’: power, participation, and pluralism in the social appraisal of technology. Sci Technol Hum Values. 2008;33(2):262–294. doi: 10.1177/0162243907311265
  • Marris C, Jefferson C, Lentzos F. Negotiating the dynamics of uncomfortable knowledge: the case of dual use and synthetic biology. BioSocieties. 2014;9(4):393–420. doi: 10.1057/biosoc.2014.32
  • Saltman RB, Duran A. Governance, government, and the search for new provider models. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;5(1):33–42. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2015.198
  • Patrone D, Resnik D, Chin L. Biosecurity and the review and publication of dual-use research of concern. Biosecur Bioterror. 2012;10(3):290–298. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0011
  • Rychnovská D. Governing dual-use knowledge: from the politics of responsible science to the ethicalization of security. Secur Dial. 2016;47(4):310–328. doi: 10.1177/0967010616658848
  • Burgelman J-C. Politics and open science: how the European open science cloud became reality (the untold story). Data Intell. 2021;3(1):5–19. doi: 10.1162/dint_a_00069
  • Biohackers DA. The politics of open science. London, UK: Pluto Press; 2013.
  • Minari J, Yoshizawa G, Shinomiya N. COVID-19 and the boundaries of open science and innovation: lessons of traceability from genomic data sharing and biosecurity. EMBO Rep. 2020;21(11):e51773. doi: 10.15252/embr.202051773