Paleoindian Settlement Decisions in the Great Basin: A Test of the Pluvial Lake Hypothesis with the Ideal Free Distribution Model

References

• Adams, K. D., T. Goebel, K. Graf, G. M. Smith, A. J. Camp, R. W. Briggs, and D. Rhode. 2008. “Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Lake-Level Fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the Distribution of Archaeological Sites.” Geoarchaeology 23 (5): 608–643. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.20237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, D. G., and J. C. Gillam. 2000. “Paleoindian Colonization of the Americas: Implications from an Examination of Physiography, Demography, and Artifact Distribution.” American Antiquity 65 (1): 43–66. https://doi.org/10.2307/2694807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaput, M. A., and K. Gajewski. 2016. “Radiocarbon Dates as Estimates of Ancient Human Population Size.” Anthropocene 15: 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2015.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnov, E. L. 1976a. “Optimal Foraging: Attack Strategy of a Mantid.” The American Naturalist 110 (971): 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1086/283054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnov, E. L. 1976b. “Optimal Foraging, the Marginal Value Theorem.” Theoretical Population Biology 9 (2): 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-5809(76)90040-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codding, B. F., and D. W. Bird. 2015. “Behavioral Ecology and the Future of Archaeological Science.” Journal of Archaeological Science 56: 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.02.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codding, B. F., and T. L. Jones. 2013. “Environmental Productivity Predicts Migration, Demographic, and Linguistic Patterns in Prehistoric California.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (36): 14569–14573. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302008110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contreras, D. A., and J. Meadows. 2014. “Summed Radiocarbon Calibrations as a Population Proxy: A Critical Evaluation Using a Realistic Simulation Approach.” Journal of Archaeological Science 52: 591–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dansie, A. J., and W. J. Jerrems. , 2005. “More bits and pieces: A new look at Lahontan chronology and human occupation.” In Paleoamerican Origins: Beyond Clovis, 51–79. Center for the Study of First Americans, Texas A&M University, College Station.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, L. G., and D. B. Madsen. 2020. “The Coastal Migration Theory: Formulation and Testable Hypotheses.” Quaternary Science Reviews 249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106605
   Google Scholar
• Davis, L. G., D. B. Madsen, D. A. Sisson, L. Becerra-Valdivia, T. Higham, D. Stueber, D. W. Bean, et al. 2022. “Dating of a Large Tool Assemblage at the Cooper’s Ferry Site (Idaho, USA) to ∼15,785 cal yr BP Extends the Age of Stemmed Points in the Americas.” Science Advances 8 (51). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade1248.
   Google Scholar
• Duke, D., and J. King. 2014. “A GIS Model for Predicting Wetland Habitat in the Great Basin at the Pleistocene–Holocene Transition and Implications for Paleoindian Archaeology.” Journal of Archaeological Science 49: 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elston, R. G., and D. W. Zeanah. 2002. “Thinking Outside the Box: A New Perspective on Diet Breadth and Sexual Division of Labor in the Prearchaic Great Basin.” World Archaeology 34 (1): 103–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240220134287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elston, R. G., D. W. Zeanah, and B. F. Codding. 2014. “Living Outside the Box: An Updated Perspective on Diet Breadth and Sexual Division of Labor in the Prearchaic Great Basin.” Quaternary International 352: 200–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESRI. 2022. ArcGIS Desktop: Release. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Fretwell, S. D., and H. L. Lucas. 1969. “On Territorial Behavior and Other Factors Influencing Habitat Distribution in Birds.” Acta Biotheoretica 19 (1): 16–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01601953. http://cescos.fau.edu/gawliklab/papers/FretwellSDandHLLucas1970.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Gajewski, K., S. Muñoz, M. Peros, A. Viau, R. Morlan, and M. Betts. 2011. “The Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database (CARD): Archaeological 14 C Dates in North America and Their Paleoenvironmental Context.” Radiocarbon 53 (2): 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200056630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnier, S., N. Ross, B. Rudis, M. Sciaini, and C. Scherer. 2018. “Viridis: Default Color Maps from ‘Matplotlib’.” R package version 0.5 1.
   Google Scholar
• Goebel, T., K. Graf, B. Hockett, and D. Rhode. 2007. “The Paleoindian Occupations at Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, Danger Cave, and Smith Creek Cave (Eastern Great Basin, U.S.A): Interpreting Their Radiocarbon Chronologies.” In On Shelter’s Ledge: Histories, Theories and Methods of Rockshelter Research, edited by M. Kornfield, S. Vasil’ev, and L. Miotti, 147–161. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
   Google Scholar
• Goebel, T., B. Hockett, D. Rhode, and K. Graf. 2022. “Prehistoric Human Response to Climate Change in the Bonneville Basin, Western North America: The Bonneville Estates Rockshelter Radiocarbon Chronology.” Quaternary Science Reviews 260: 106930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goebel, T., B. Hockett, K. D. Adams, D. Rhode, and K. Graf. 2011. “Climate, Environment, and Humans in North America's Great Basin During the Younger Dryas, 12,900–11,600 Calendar Years Ago.” Quaternary International 242 (2): 479–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.03.043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goebel, T., and J. L. Keene. 2014. “Are Great Basin Stemmed Points as Old as Clovis in the Intermountain West? A Review of the Geochronological Evidence.” In Archaeology for All Times: Papers in Honor of Don D. Fowler, edited by N. J. Parezo and J. C. Janetski, 35–60. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grayson, Donald K. 2011. The Great Basin: A Natural Prehistory. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haslett, J., and A. C. Parnell. 2008. “A Simple Monotone Process with Application to Radiocarbon-Dated Depth Chronologies.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 57 (4): 399–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00623.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huckleberry, G., C. Beck, G. T. Jones, A. Holmes, M. Cannon, S. Livingston, and J. M. Broughton. 2001. “Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Environmental Change at the Sunshine Locality, North-Central Nevada, U.S.A.” Quaternary Research 55 (3): 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jazwa, C. S., and K. A. Jazwa. 2017. “Settlement Ecology in Bronze Age Messenia.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 45: 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2016.12.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G. T., C. Beck, and R. E. Hughes. 2003. “Lithic Source Use and Paleoarchaic Foraging Territories in the Great Basin.” American Antiquity 68 (1): 5–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/3557031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, Robert L., Madeline E. Mackie, Erick Robinson, Jack Meyer, Michael Berry, Matthew Boulanger, Brian F. Codding, et al. 2022. “A New Radiocarbon Database for the Lower 48 States.” American Antiquity 87 (3): 581–590. https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2021.157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, R. B. 1969. “!Kung Bushman Subsistence: An Input-Output Analysis.” In Environment and Cultural Behavior: Ecological Studies in Cultural Anthropology, edited by A. P. Vayda, 47–79. Garden City, NJ: Natural History Press.
   Google Scholar
• Magargal, K. E., A. K. Parker, K. B. Vernon, W. Rath, and B. F. Codding. 2017. “The Ecology of Population Dispersal: Modeling Alternative Basin-Plateau Foraging Strategies to Explain the Numic Expansion.” American Journal of Human Biology 29 (4): e23000. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, P. S., T. R. Van Devender, and J. L. Betancourt. 1990. Packrat Middens: The Last 40,000 Years of Biotic Change. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
   Google Scholar
• Martindale, A., R. Morlan, M. Betts, M. Blake, K. Gajewski, M. Chaput, A. Mason, and P. Vermeersch. 2016. “Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database (CARD 2.1).” Accessed February 4, 2021. http://www.canadianarchaeology.ca/.
   Google Scholar
• McDonough, Katelyn N., Jaime L. Kennedy, Richard L. Rosencrance, Justin A. Holcomb, Dennis L. Jenkins, and Kathryn Puseman. 2022. “Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth: Paleoethnobotany of Connley Cave 5, Oregon, USA.” American Antiquity 87 (2): 303–332. https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2021.141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire, K. R., and N. Stevens. 2017. “The Potential Role of Geophytes, Digging Sticks, and Formed Flake Tools in the Western North American Paleoarchaic Expansion.” Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 37 (1): 3–21. https://escholarship.org/uc/ucmercedlibrary_jcgba/37/1.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, Jack. 2020. Western United States Radiocarbon Database as of February 2020. Davis, CA: Maintained at Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Moritz, M., I. M. Hamilton, Y. J. Chen, and P. Scholte. 2014. “Mobile Pastoralists in the Logone Floodplain Distribute Themselves in an Ideal Free Distribution.” Current Anthropology 55 (1): 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1086/674717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newlander, K. S. 2012. “Exchange, Embedded Procurement, and Hunter-gatherer Mobility: A Case Study from the North American Great Basin.” PhD diss., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connell, J. F., and J. Allen. 2012. “The Restaurant at the End of the Universe: Modelling the Colonisation of Sahul.” Australian Archaeology 74 (1): 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2012.11681932.
   Google Scholar
• Orians, G. H., and N. E. Pearson. 1979. “On the Theory of Central Place Foraging.” In Analysis of Ecological Systems, edited by G. H. Orians and N. E. Pearson, 157–177. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2022. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
   Google Scholar
• Reheis, M. 1999. “Extent of Pleistocene Lakes in the Western Great Basin.” US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2323. https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1999/mf-2323/.
   Google Scholar
• Reimer, P. J., W. E. N. Austin, E. Bard, A. Bayliss, P. G. Blackwell, C. B. Ramsey, M. Butzin, et al. 2020. “The IntCal Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0-55 Cal kBP).” Radiocarbon 62 (4): 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhode, D., and L. A. Louderback. 2007. “Dietary Plant Use in the Bonneville Basin During the Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Transition.” In Paleoindian or Paleoarchaic? Great Basin Human Ecology at the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition, edited by K. E. Graf and D. M. Schmitt, 231–247. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, E., H. J. Zahid, B. F. Codding, R. Haas, and R. L. Kelly. 2019. “Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Prehistoric Human Population Growth: Radiocarbon ‘Dates as Data’ and Population Ecology Models.” Journal of Archaeological Science 101: 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.11.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosencrance, R. I. 2019. “Assessing the Chronological Variation within Western Stemmed Tradition Projectile Points.” MA thesis, Anthropology Department, University of Nevada, Reno.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez, G. M., J. M. Erlandson, and N. Tripcevich. 2017. “Quantifying the Association of Chipped Stone Crescents with Wetlands and Paleoshorelines of Western North America.” North American Archaeologist 38 (2): 107–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693116681928.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G. M., and D. C. Harvey. 2018. “Reconstructing Prehistoric Landscape Use at a Regional Scale: A Critical Review of the Lithic Conveyance Zone Concept with a Focus on Its Limitations.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 19: 828–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.05.048.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, G. M., D. Duke, D. L. Jenkins, T. Goebel, L. G. Davis, P. O'Grady, D. Stueber, J. E. Pratt, and H. L. Smith. 2019. “The Western Stemmed Tradition: Problems and Prospects in Paleoindian Archaeology in the Intermountain West.” PaleoAmerica 6: 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2019.1653153.
   Google Scholar
• Surovell, T. A., J. B. Finley, G. M. Smith, P. J. Brantingham, and R. L. Kelly. 2009. “Correcting Temporal Frequency Distributions for Taphonomic Bias.” Journal of Archaeological Science 36 (8): 1715–1724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.03.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, D. H. 2013. “Great Basin Projectile Point Typology: Still Relevant?” Journal of California and Great Basin 33 (1): 133–152. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k33t5g0.
   Google Scholar
• Tyler, J. A., and W. W. Hargrove. 1997. “Predicting Spatial Distribution of Foragers Over Large Resource Landscapes: A Modeling Analysis of the Ideal Free Distribution.” Oikos 79 (2): 376–386. https://doi.org/10.2307/3546022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzel, E. M., and B. F. Codding. 2022. “The Ideal Distribution Model and Archaeological Settlement Patterning.” Environmental Archaeology 27 (4): 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/14614103.2020.1803015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterhalder, B., D. G. Kennett, M. N. Grote, and J. Bartruff. 2010. “Ideal Free Settlement of California’s Northern Channel Islands.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29 (4): 469–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2010.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaworsky, P. M., and B. F. Codding. 2018. “The Ideal Free Distribution of Farmers: Explaining the Euro-American Settlement of Utah.” American Antiquity 83 (1): 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2017.46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeanah, D. W. 2004. “Sexual Division of Labor and Central Place Foraging: A Model for the Carson Desert of Western Nevada.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 23 (1): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4165(03)00061-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar