Pain as a reason for primary care visits: cross-sectional survey in a rural and periurban health clinic in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

References

• Brochet B, Michel P, Barberger-Gateau P, Dartigues JF. Population-based study of pain in elderly people: a descriptive survey. Age Ageing 1998; 27: 279–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaak PFM, Kerssens JJ, Dekker J, et al. Prevalence of chronic benign pain disorder among adults: a review of the literature. Pain 1998; 77: 231–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brattberg, G. The incidence of back pain and headache among Swedish school children. Qual Life Res. 1994; 3: S27–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perquin CW, Hazebroek-Kampschreur AAJM, Hunfeld JAM, et al. Pain in children and adolescents: a common experience. Pain 2000; 87: 51–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandell-Hoekstra IE, Abu-Saad HH, Passchier J, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of headache in Dutch schoolchildren. Eur J Pain. 2001; 5: 145–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth-Isigkeit A, Thyen U, Raspe HH, et al. Reports of pain among German children and adolescents: an epidemiological study. Acta Pediatrica 2004; 93: 258–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowsher D, Rigge M, Sopp L. Prevalence of chronic pain in the British population: a telephone survey of 1 037 households. The Pain Clinic 1991; 4: 223–230.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson H, Ejlertson G, Leden I, Rosenberg C. Chronic pain in a geographically defined general population. Clin J Pain. 1993; 9: 174–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croft P, Rigby AS, Boswell R, et al. The prevalence of chronic widespread pain in the general population. J Rheum. 1993; 20: 710–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birse EM, Lander J. Prevalence of chronic pain. Can J Public Health. 1998; 89: 129–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacFarlane GJ, Morris S, Hunt IM, et al. Chronic widespread pain in the community: the influence of psychological symptoms and mental disorder on healthcare-seeking behaviour J Rheum. 1999; 26: 413–419.
   Google Scholar
• Buskila D, Abramov G, Biton A, Neumann L. The prevalence of pain complaints in a general population in Israel and its implications for utilization of health services. J Rheum. 2000; 27: 1521–1525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth FM, March LM, Brnabic AJM, et al. Chronic pain in Australia: a prevalence study. Pain 2001; 89: 127–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catala E, Reig E, Artes M, et al. Prevalence of pain in the Spanish population: telephone survey in 5 000 homes. Eur J Pain. 2002; 6: 133–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjogren P, Ekholm O, Peuckmann V Gronbaek M. Epidemiology of chronic pain in Denmark: an update. Eur J Pain. 2009; 13: 287–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mobily PR, Herr KA, Clark MK, Wallace RB. An epidemiologic analysis of pain in the elderly: the Iowa 65+ rural health study. J Aging Health. 1994; 6: 139–154.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman PK, Meier BP, Council JR. A comparison of chronic pain between an urban and rural population. J Com Health Nursing. 2002; 19: 213–224.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frolund F, Frolund C. Pain in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1986; 4: 97–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Potter RG. The frequency of presentation of pain: an analysis of 1 000 consecutive consultations. Pain Soc. 1990; 8: 11–14.
   Google Scholar
• Elliot AM, Smith BH, Penny KI, et al. The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community. Lancet 1999; 354: 1248–1252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zondervan KT, Yudkin PL, Vessey MP, Dawes MG, Barlow DH, Kennedy SH. Prevalence and incidence of chronic pain in primary care: evidence from a national general practice database. Br J Obs Gyn 1999; 106: 1149–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartz A, Kirchdoerfer E. Undetected fibrositis in primary care practice. J Fam Prac. 1987; 25: 365–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantyselka P, Kumpusalo E, Ahonen R, et al. Pain as a reason to visit the doctor: a study in Finnish primary health care. Pain 2001; 89: 175–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasselstrom J, Liu-Palmgren J, Rasjo-Wraak G. Prevalence of pain in general practice. Eur J Pain. 2002; 6: 375–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igumbor EU, Puoane T. Peering into the black hole: insights on the epidemiology of chronic pain in South Africa. Paper presented at the 2nd Pain Society of South Africa Congress; 2007 June 15–17; Champagne Sports Resort, Drakensberg, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Igumbor EU, Buso DL, Puoane T, et al. Pain as a reason for primary care visit: retrospective record review in two provinces of South Africa. Paper presented at the 3rd Pain Society of South Africa Congress; 2008 August 29–31; Johannesburg, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Igumbor EU, Puoane T, Gansky SA, Plesh O. Prevalence and risk indicators of chronic pain in a rural community in South Africa. J Rural Trop Public Health. 2011; 10: 61–69.
   Google Scholar
• Igumbor EU, Puoane TR, Gansky SA, Plesh O. Chronic pain in the community: a survey in a township in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa. South Afr J Anaesth Analg 2011; 17(5): 329–337.
   Google Scholar
• Cleeland CS, Ryan KM. Pain assessment: global use of the brief pain inventory. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1994; 23: 129–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollard CA. Preliminary validity study of the pain disability index. Percept Mot Skills. 1984; 59: 974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chibnall JT, Tait RC. The pain disability index: factor structure and normative data. Arch Phy Med Rehab. 1994; 75: 1082–1086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tait RC, Chibnall JT, Krause S. The pain disability index: psychometric properties. Pain 1990; 40: 171–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crook J, Tunks E, Kalaher S, Roberts J. Coping with persistent pain: a comparison of persistent pain sufferers in a specialty pain clinic and in a family practice clinic. Pain 1988; 34: 175–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorn BE, Keefe FJ, Anderson T. The communal coping model and interpersonal context: problems or process. Pain 2004; 110: 505–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner JA, Mancl L, Aaron LA. Pain-related catastrophizing: a daily process study. Pain 2004; 110: 103–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley S, Davies C, Barton S. Possible selves in chronic pain: self-pain enmeshment, adjustment and acceptance. Pain 2005; 115: 84–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gureje O, Von Korff M, Simon GE, Gater R. Persistent pain and well-being: a World Health Organization study in primary care. JAMA. 1998; 280: 147–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen E. Towards a history of European physical sensibility: pain in the later middle ages. Sci Context. 1995; 8: 47–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradshaw D, Groenewald P, Laubscher R, et al. Initial burden of disease estimates for South Africa, 2000. Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Nurminen M, Karjalainen A. Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2001; 27: 161–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rekola KE, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Takala J. Use of primary health services in sparsely populated country districts by patients with musculoskeletal symptoms: consultations with a physician. J Epi Com Health. 1993; 47: 153–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefe FJ, Affleck G, France CR, et al. Gender differences in pain, coping, and mood in individuals having osteoarthritic knee pain: a within-day analysis. Pain 2004; 110: 571–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter LS, Marco CA, Schwartz JE, et al. Gender differences in coping: a comparison of trait and momentary assessments. J Soc Clin Psych. 2000; 19: 480–498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viane I, Crombez G, Eccleston C, et al. Acceptance of the unpleasant reality of chronic pain: effects upon attention to pain and engagement with daily activities. Pain 2004; 112: 282–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar