149
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Exploration of pain in children on antiretroviral treatment in a regional hospital in South Africa

, MBBS, DCH(SA) (Clinical Manager) , , MBChB, MMed, MPhil, PhD (Specialist) & , MBCHB, DCH, MFamMed (Principal Specialist)
Pages 358-362 | Received 24 Aug 2011, Accepted 01 Feb 2012, Published online: 15 Aug 2014

References

  • Report on the global AIDS epidemic 2010. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. [homepage on the Internet]. c2011. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_Annexes1_em.pdf
  • Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
  • Carne CA, Adler MW. Neurological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br Med Clin Res Ed. 1986;293(6545):462–463.
  • O'Neill WM, Sherrard JS. Pain in human immunodeficiency virus disease: a review. Pain. 1993;54(1):3–14.
  • Breitbart W, Rosenfeld BD, Passik SD, et al. The undertreatment of pain in ambulatory AIDS patients. Pain. 1996;65(2–3):243–249.
  • Sukati NA, Mndebele SC, Makoa ET, et al. HIV/AIDS symptom management in South Africa. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005;29(2):185–192.
  • Norval DA. Symptoms and sites of pain experienced by AIDS patients. S Afr Med J. 2004;94(6):450–454.
  • Shawn ER, Campbell L, Mnguni MB, et al. The spectrum of symptoms among rural South Africans with HIV infection. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2005;16(6):12–23.
  • Hitchcock SA, Meyer HP, Gwyther E. Neuropathic pain in AIDS patients prior to antiretroviral therapy. S Afr Med J. 2008;98(11):889–892.
  • Hirschfeld S, Moss A, Dragisic K, et al. Pain in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection: incidence and characteristics in a single-institution pilot study. Pediatrics. 1996;98(3 Pt 1):449–452.
  • Oleske J, Czarniecki L, Boland M. Pain in children with HIV infection. Int Conf AIDS. 1993;9:74 (abstract no. WS-B31-3).
  • Anand KJS, Hickey PR. Pain and its effects in the human neonate and foetus. N Eng J Med. 1987;317(21):1321–1329.
  • Taddio A, Katz J, Ilersich AL, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet. 1997;349(9052):599–603.
  • Amery J. Children's palliative care in Africa. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.
  • Simpson DM, Olney RK. Peripheral neuropathies associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurol Clin. 1992;10(3):685–711.
  • Gaughan DM, Hughes MD, Carey VJ, et al. The prevalence of pain in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as reported by participants in the Pediatric Late Outcomes Study (PACTG 219). Pediatrics. 2002;109(6):1144–1152.
  • Baxt C, Kassam-Adams N, Nance ML, et al. Assessment of pain after injury in the paediatric patient: child and parent perceptions. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39(6):979–983.
  • Keck JF, Gerkensmeyer JE, Joyce BA, Schade JG. Reliability and validity of the FACES and Word Descriptor Scales to measure procedural pain. J Pediatr Nurs. 1996;11(6):368–374.
  • Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. Pediatr Nurs. 1988;14(1):9–17.
  • Rajasagaram U, Taylor DM, Braitberg G, et al. Paediatric pain assessment: differences between triage nurse, child and parent. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009;45(4):199–203.
  • Skovdal M, Campbell C, Madanhire C, et al. Challenges faced by elderly guardians in sustaining the adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children in Zimbabwe. AIDS Care. 2011;23(8):957–964.
  • Chambliss CR, Heggen J, Copelan DN, Pettignano R. The assessment and management of chronic pain in children. Paediatr Drugs. 2002;4(11):737–746.
  • Meijer SA, Sinnema G, Bijstra JO, et al. Social functioning in children with a chronic illness. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000;41(3):309–317.
  • McGrath PA. Development of the World Health Organization guidelines on cancer pain relief and palliative care in children. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1996;12(2):87–92.
  • Cervia LD, McGowan JP Weseley AJ. Clinical and demographic variables related to pain in HIV-infected individuals treated with effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Pain Medicine. 2010;11(4):498–450.
  • Guidelines for the management of HIV in children. National Department of Health, South Africa. [homepage on the Internet]. c2012. Available from: http://www.rhru.co.za/Resources/Documents/2010%20Paediatric%20Guidelines.pdf