2,122
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Rapid on-site identification of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes using person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)–part 2: water sampling and analysis

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , , , , & show all
Pages 150-164 | Received 22 Jan 2019, Accepted 14 Aug 2019, Published online: 15 Nov 2019

References

  • Department of Environment and Conservation NSW. Guidelines for the assessment and management of groundwater contamination. Sydney (Australia): Department of Environment and Conservation NSW; 2007.
  • Zhang Y, Wang Y. Impact of environmental pollution. In: Nemr AE, editor. Impact, monitoring and management of environmental pollution. New York (NY): Nova Science Publishers, Inc; 2010.
  • Lave LB, Seskin EP. Air pollution and human health. Science. 1970;169:723–733.
  • Schwarzenbach RP, Egli T, Hofstetter TB, et al. Global water pollution and human health. Annu Rev Environ Resour. 2010;35:109–136.
  • Hunt D, Johnson C. The pollution risk from fire. Fire Prev. 1991;241:19–21.
  • Barbooti MM, editor. Environmental applications of instrumental chemical analysis. Boca Raton (FL): Apple Academic Press, Inc; 2015.
  • Popek EP. Sampling and analysis of environmental chemical pollutants: a complete guide. Boston (MA): Academic Press; 2003.
  • Spikmans V. Complexity of scientific evidence in environmental forensic investigations. J Criminol Res Policy Pract. 2015;1:223–232.
  • Martin D, Tomisa M, Meacham B. Environmental impact of fire. Fire Sci Rev. 2016;5:1–21.
  • Thompson KC, editor. Rapid methods. International Conference on Water Contamination. London (UK): The Royal Society of Chemistry; 2008.
  • Crompton TR. Organic compounds in natural waters: analysis and determination. London (UK): Taylor & Francis Group; 2014.
  • Lam R, Lennard C, Kingsland G, et al. Person-portable equipment in environmental forensic investigations: application to fire scenes. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2018;50:672–681.
  • Spikmans V. The evolution of environmental forensics: from laboratory to field analysis. WIREs Forensic Sci. 2019. doi: 10.1002/wfs2.1334
  • Gałuszka A, Migaszewski Z, Namieśnik J. Moving your laboratories to the field — advantaged and limitation of the use of field portable instruments in environmental sample analysis. Environ Res. 2015;140:593–603.
  • Melquiades FL, Appoloni CR. Application of XRF and field portable XRF for environmental analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2004;262:533–541.
  • Mukhopadhyay R. Portable FTIR spectrometers get moving. Anal Chem. 2004;76:369–372.
  • Sharma SK, Misra AK, Sharma B. Portable remote Raman system for monitoring hydrocarbon, gas hydrates and explosives in the environment. Spectrochim Acta, Part A. 2005;61:2404–2412.
  • Scholz M. Fire water storage, treatment recycling and management: new perspectives based on experiences from the United Kingdom. Water. 2014;6:367–380.
  • Visotin A, Lennard C. Preliminary evaluation of a next-generation portable gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for the on-site analysis of ignitable liquid residues. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2016;48:203–221.
  • Ximenes FA, Gardner WD. Production and use of forest products in Australia. Sydney (Australia): NSW Department of Primary Industries; 2005.
  • Pawliszyn J, editor. Handbook of solid-phase microextraction. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press of China; 2009.
  • Llompart M, Li K, Fingas M. Headspace solid-phase microextraction for the determination of volatile and semi-volatile pollutants in water and air. J Chromatogr A. 1998;824:53–61.
  • Lancas FM, Olivares IRB, Alves PM. Development, validation and application of a method to analyze phenols in water samples by solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. J Environ Sci Health, Part B. 2007;42:491–498.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. Method 8270D semivolatile organic compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency; 1998.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. Method 8510C separatory funnel liquid-liquid extraction. Washington (DC): United State Environment Protection Agency; 1986.
  • The NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, editor. NIST 08 MS library and MS search program v.2.0f. Gaithersburg (MS): National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2008.
  • The NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, editor. NIST 11 MS library and MS search program v.2.0g. Gaithersburg (MS): National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011.
  • Garrido MA, Font R, Conesa JA. Pollutant emissions during the pyrolysis and combustion of flexible polyurethane foam. Waste Manage. 2016;52:138–146.
  • Reisen F, Bhujel M, Leonard J. Particle and volatile organic emissions from the combustion of a range of building and furnishings materials using a cone calorimeter. Fire Saf J. 2014;69:76–88.
  • Garrido MA, Font R, Conesa JA. Pollutant emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of viscoelastic memory foam. Sci Total Environ. 2017;577:183–194.
  • Aracil I, Font R, Conesa JA. Chlorinated and nonchlorinated compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polychloroprene. Environ Sci Technol. 2010;44:4169–4175.
  • Austin CC, Wang D, Ecobichon DJ, et al. Characterization of volatile organic compounds in smoke at experimental fires. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part A. 2001;63:191–206.
  • Moreno AI, Font R, Conesa JA. Combustion of furniture wood and solid wood: kinetic study and evolution of pollutants. Fuel. 2017;192:169–177.
  • Conesa JA, Font R, Fullana A, et al. Comparison between emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of different wastes. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2009;84:95–102.
  • Gu X, Ma X, Li L, et al. Pyrolysis of poplar wood sawdust by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2013;102:16–23.
  • Song Z, Yang Y, Zhao X, et al. Microwave pyrolysis of tire powders: evolution of yields and composition of products. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2017;123:152–159.
  • Daouk E, Van de Steene L, Paviet F, et al. Oxidative pyrolysis of wood chips and of wood pellets in a downdraft continuous fixed bed reactor. Fuel. 2017;196:408–418.
  • Lee XQ, Sandercock PLL, Harynuk JJ. The influence of temperature on the pyrolysis of household materials. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2016;118:75–85.
  • Moreno AI, Font R, Conesa JA. Characterization of gaseous emissions and ashes from the combustion of furniture waste. Waste Manage. 2016;58:299–308.
  • Almirall J, Furton K. Characterization of background and pyrolysis products that may interfere with the forensic analysis of fire debris. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2004;71:51–67.
  • Hosoya T, Kawamoto H, Saka S. Pyrolysis behaviors of wood and its constituent polymers at gasification temperature. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2007;78:328–336.
  • Gao N, Li A, Quan C, et al. TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS analysis on pyrolysis an combustion of pine sawdust. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2013;100:26–32.
  • Stec AA, Readman J, Blomqvist P, et al. Analysis of toxic effluents released from PVC carpet under different fire conditions. Chemosphere. 2013;90:65–71.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. Priority pollutant list. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency; 2014.
  • Supelco. Solid phase microextraction: theory and optimization of conditions. Bellefonte (PA): Sigma-Aldrich Co.; 1998.