Prolonged pre-incubation increases the susceptibility of Galleria mellonella larvae to bacterial and fungal infection

References

• Kavanagh K, Reeves EP. Exploiting the potential of insects for in vivo pathogenicity testing of microbial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2004; 28:101-12; PMID:14975532; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsre.2003.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs BB, Mylonakis E. Using non-mammalian hosts to study fungal virulence and host defense. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006; 9:346-51; PMID:16814595; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2006.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne N, Heelan M, Kavanagh K. An analysis of the structural and functional similarities of insect hemocytes and mammalian phagocytes. Virulence 2013; 7:1-7; PMID:23921374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan M, Thomas DY, Whiteway M, Kavanagh K. Correlation between virulence of Candida albicans mutants in mice and Galleria mellonella larvae. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2002; 34:153-7; PMID:12381467; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00617.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jander G, Rahme LG, Ausubel FM. Positive correlation between virulence of pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants in mice and insects. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:3843-5; PMID:10851003; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.13.3843-3845.2000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lionakis MS, Lewis RE, May GS, Wiederhold NP, Albert ND, Halder G, Kontoyiannis DP. Toll-deficient Drosophila flies as a fast, high-throughput model for the study of antifungal drug efficacy against invasive aspergillosis and Aspergillus virulence. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:1188-95; PMID:15747256; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/428587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp M, Massey RC. The use of insect models to study human pathogens. Drug Discov Today 2007; 4:105-10.
   Google Scholar
• Cotter G, Doyle S, Kavanagh K. Development of an insect model for the in vivo pathogenicity testing of yeasts. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 27:163-9; PMID:10640612; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01427.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mylonakis E, Moreno R, El Khoury JB, Idnurm A, Heitman J, Calderwood SB, Ausubel FM, Diener A. Galleria mellonella as a model system to study Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis. Infect immun 2005; 73:3842-50; PMID:15972469; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.7.3842-3850.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senior NJ, Bagnall MC, Champion OL, Reynolds SE, La Ragione RM, Woodward MJ, Salguero FJ, Titball RW. Galleria mellonella as an infection model for Campylobacter jejuni virulence. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:661-9; PMID:21233296; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.026658-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee K, Altincicek B, Hain T, Domann E, Vilcinskas A, Chakraborty T. Galleria mellonella as a model system for studying Listeria pathogenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:310-7; PMID:19897755; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01301-09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowan R, Moran C, McCann M, Kavanagh K. Use of Galleria mellonella larvae to evaluate the in vivo anti-fungal activity of [Ag2 (mal)(phen) 3]. Biometals 2009; 22:461-7; PMID:19082779; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-008-9182-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desbois AP, Coote PJ. 2 Utility of greater wax moth larva (Galleria mellonella) for evaluating the toxicity and efficacy of new antimicrobial agents. Adv Appl Microbiol 2012; 78:25; PMID:22305092; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394805-2.00002-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook SM, McArthur JD. Developing Galleria mellonella as a model host for human pathogens. Virul 2013; 4:350-3; PMID:23799664; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.25240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowlds P, Kavanagh K. Effect of pre-incubation temperature on susceptibility of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans. Mycopathol 2008; 165:5-12; PMID:17922218; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-007-9069-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowlds P, Barron A, Kavanagh K. Physical stress primes the immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans. Microb Infect 2008; 10:628-34; PMID:18457977; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2008.02.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banville N, Browne N, Kavanagh K. Effect of nutrient deprivation on the susceptibility of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection. Virulence 2012; 3:497-503; PMID:23076277; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.21972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergin D, Murphy L, Keenan J, Clynes M, Kavanagh K. Pre-exposure to yeast protects larvae of Galleria mellonella from a subsequent lethal infection by Candida albicans and is mediated by the increased expression of antimicrobial peptides. Microb Infect 2006; 8:2105-12; PMID:16782387; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2006.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowlds P, Coates C, Renwick J, Kavanagh K. Dose-dependent cellular and humoral responses in Galleria mellonella larvae following β-glucan inoculation. Microb Infect 2010; 12:146-53; PMID:19925881; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2009.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallon J, Kelly J, Kavanagh K. Galleria mellonella as a model for fungal pathogenicity testing. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 845:469-85; PMID:22328396
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mackenzie DK, Bussiere LF, Tinsley MC. Senescence of the cellular immune response in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Gerontol 2011; 11:853-9; PMID:21798332; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2011.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araújo H, Cavalcanti M, Santos S, Alves L, Brayner F. Hemocytes ultrastructure of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Micron 2008; 39:184-9; PMID:17329111; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2007.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan L-J, Sohal RS. Mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase is modified oxidatively during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:12896-901; PMID:9789011; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.22.12896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAS N, Levine R, Orr W, Sohal R. Selectivity of protein oxidative damage during aging in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem J 2001; 360:209-16; PMID:11696009; http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3600209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pletcher SD, Macdonald SJ, Marguerie R, Certa U, Stearns SC, Goldstein DB, Partridge L. Genome-wide transcript profiles in aging and calorically restricted Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Biol 2002; 12:712-23; PMID:12007414; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00808-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SY, Söderhäll K. Characterization of a pattern recognition protein, a masquerade-like protein, in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. J Immunol 2001; 166:7319-26; PMID:11390482; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon TH, Kim MS, Choi HW, Joo CH, Cho MY, Lee BL. A masquerade-like serine proteinase homologue is necessary for phenoloxidase activity in the coleopteran insect, Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. Eur J Biochem 2000; 267:6188-96; PMID:11012672; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01695.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arosio P, Ingrassia R, Cavadini P. Ferritins: a family of molecules for iron storage, antioxidation and more. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1790:589-99; PMID:18929623; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou G, Kohlhepp P, Geiser D, Frasquillo MDC, Vazquez-Moreno L, Winzerling JJ. Fate of blood meal iron in mosquitoes. J Insect Physiol 2007; 53:1169-78; PMID:17689557; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strickler-Dinglasan PM, Guz N, Attardo G, Aksoy S. Molecular characterization of iron binding proteins from Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 36:921-33; PMID:17098167; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Missirlis F, Holmberg S, Georgieva T, Dunkov BC, Rouault TA, Law JH. Characterization of mitochondrial ferritin in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 15:5893-8; PMID:16571656; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601471103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daffre S, Faye I. Lipopolysaccharide interaction with hemolin, an insect member of the Ig-superfamily. FEBS Lett 1997; 408:127-30; PMID:9187352; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00397-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu XQ, Kanost MR. Developmental expression of Manduca sexta hemolin. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 1999; 42:198-212; PMID:10536048; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(199911)42:3%3c198::AID-ARCH4%3e3.0.CO;2-G
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altincicek B, Stötzel S, Wygrecka M, Preissner KT, Vilcinskas A: Host-derived extracellular nucleic acids enhance innate immune responses, induce coagulation, and prolong survival upon infection in insects. J Immunol 2008; 181(4):2705-12; PMID:18684961; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerofsky M, Harel E, Silverman N, Tatar M. Aging of the innate immune response in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging cell 2005; 4:103-8; PMID:15771614; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-9728.2005.00147.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergin D, Brennan M, Kavanagh K. Fluctuations in haemocyte density and microbial load may be used as indicators of fungal pathogenicity in larvae of Galleria mellonella. Microb Infect 2003; 5:1389-95; PMID:14670452; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2003.09.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee K, Hain T, Fischer R, Chakraborty T, Vilcinskas A. Brain infection and activation of neuronal repair mechanisms by the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in the lepidopteran model host Galleria mellonella. Virulence 2013; 4:324-32; PMID:23348912; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.23629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shevchenko A, Tomas H, Havli J, Olsen JV, Mann M. In-gel digestion for mass spectrometric characterization of proteins and proteomes. Nat protoc 2007; 1:2856-60; PMID:17406544; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox J, Neuhauser N, Michalski A, Scheltema RA, Olsen JV, Mann M. Andromeda: a peptide search engine integrated into the MaxQuant environment. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1794-805; PMID:21254760; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr101065j
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel H, Altincicek B, Glöckner G, Vilcinskas A. A comprehensive transcriptome and immune-gene repertoire of the lepidopteran model host Galleria mellonella. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:308; PMID:21663692; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conesa A, Gotz S. Blast2GO: a comprehensive suite for functional analysis in plant genomics. Int J Plant Genomics 2008; 2008:619832; PMID:18483572; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/619832
   PubMedGoogle Scholar