1,063
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Risk stratification and immunogenetic risk for infections following stem cell transplantation

& , MD
Pages 917-929 | Received 29 Jul 2016, Accepted 03 Sep 2016, Published online: 01 Nov 2016

References

  • Tomblyn M, Chiller T, Einsele H, Gress R, Sepkowitz K, Storek J, Wingard JR, Young JA, Boeckh MJ, Center for International B, et al. Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:1143-238; PMID:19747629; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.06.019
  • Kedia S, Acharya PS, Mohammad F, Nguyen H, Asti D, Mehta S, Pant M, Mobarakai N. Infectious complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; S3:002.
  • Marr KA, Carter RA, Crippa F, Wald A, Corey L. Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:909-17; PMID:11880955; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/339202
  • Marr KA. Fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Med Mycol 2008; 46:293-302; PMID:18415836; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780701885552
  • Ljungman P, Hakki M, Boeckh M. Cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:151-69; PMID:21236396; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2010.11.011
  • Ljungman P. CMV infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008; 42(Suppl 1):S70-S2; PMID:18724309; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2008.120
  • Chapman SJ, Hill AV. Human genetic susceptibility to infectious disease. Nat Rev Genet 2012; 13:175-88; PMID:22310894
  • Zhang FR, Huang W, Chen SM, Sun LD, Liu H, Li Y, Cui Y, Yan XX, Yang HT, Yang RD, et al. Genomewide association study of leprosy. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:2609-18; PMID:20018961; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0903753
  • Rauch A, Kutalik Z, Descombes P, Cai T, Di Iulio J, Mueller T, Bochud M, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Borovicka J, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with chronic hepatitis C and treatment failure: a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1338-45, 45 e1-7; PMID:20060832; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.056
  • Kamatani Y, Wattanapokayakit S, Ochi H, Kawaguchi T, Takahashi A, Hosono N, Kubo M, Tsunoda T, Kamatani N, Kumada H, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies variants in the HLA-DP locus associated with chronic hepatitis B in Asians. Nat Genet 2009; 41:591-5; PMID:19349983; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.348
  • Bochud M. Genetics for clinicians: from candidate genes to whole genome scans (technological advances). Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 26:119-32; PMID:22498243; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2011.09.001
  • Bochud PY, Bochud M, Telenti A, Calandra T. Innate immunogenetics: a tool for exploring new frontiers of host defence. Lancet Infect Dis 2007; 7:531-42; PMID:17646026; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70185-8
  • Chien JW, Boeckh MJ, Hansen JA, Clark JG. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein promoter variants influence the risk for Gram-negative bacteremia and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 2008; 111:2462-9; PMID:18056482; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-09-101709
  • Heumann D, Roger T. Initial responses to endotoxins and Gram-negative bacteria. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 323:59-72; PMID:12135807; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00180-8
  • Park BS, Lee JO. Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e66; PMID:24310172; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emm.2013.97
  • Schumann RR. Old and new findings on lipopolysaccharide-binding protein: a soluble pattern-recognition molecule. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:989-93; PMID:21787335; http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST0390989
  • Guinan EC, Palmer CD, Mancuso CJ, Brennan L, Stoler-Barak L, Kalish LA, Suter EE, Gallington LC, Huhtelin DP, Mansilla M, et al. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in hematopoietic cell transplant patients affecting early recognition of, and response to, endotoxin. Innate Immun 2014; 20:697-711; PMID:24107515
  • Flores C, Perez-Mendez L, Maca-Meyer N, Muriel A, Espinosa E, Blanco J, Sanguesa R, Muros M, Garcia JG, Villar J, et al. A common haplotype of the LBP gene predisposes to severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:2759-66; PMID:19707138; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a57b90
  • Jaskula E, Lange A, Kyrcz-Krzemien S, Markiewicz M, Dzierzak-Mietla M, Jedrzejczak WW, Czajka P, Mordak-Domagala M, Lange J, Gronkowska A, et al. NOD2/CARD15 single nucleotide polymorphism 13 (3020insC) is associated with risk of sepsis and single nucleotide polymorphism 8 (2104C>T) with herpes viruses reactivation in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:409-14; PMID:24345423; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.12.558
  • Grube M, Brenmoehl J, Rogler G, Hahn J, Herr W, Holler E. Donor nucleotide-binding oligomerization-containing protein 2 (NOD2) single nucleotide polymorphism 13 is associated with septic shock after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:1399-404; PMID:25988661; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.05.011
  • Ogura Y, Bonen DK, Inohara N, Nicolae DL, Chen FF, Ramos R, Britton H, Moran T, Karaliuskas R, Duerr RH, et al. A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 2001; 411:603-6; PMID:11385577; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35079114
  • Moreto A, Farinas-Alvarez C, Puente M, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, Sanchez-Velasco P, Horcajada JP, Batlle A, Montes C, Santos F, Conde E, et al. Mannose-binding lectin gene variants and infections in patients receiving autologous stem cell transplantation. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:17; PMID:24886325; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-15-17
  • Molle I, Peterslund NA, Thiel S, Steffensen R. MBL2 polymorphism and risk of severe infections in multiple myeloma patients receiving high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38:555-60; PMID:16953214; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705466
  • Horiuchi T, Gondo H, Miyagawa H, Otsuka J, Inaba S, Nagafuji K, Takase K, Tsukamoto H, Koyama T, Mitoma H, et al. Association of MBL gene polymorphisms with major bacterial infection in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous PBSCT. Genes Immun 2005; 6:162-6; PMID:15674393; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364165
  • Mullighan CG, Heatley S, Doherty K, Szabo F, Grigg A, Hughes TP, Schwarer AP, Szer J, Tait BD, Bik To L, et al. Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms are associated with major infection following allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2002; 99:3524-9; PMID:11986203; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.V99.10.3524
  • Golshayan D, Wojtowicz A, Bibert S, Pyndiah N, Manuel O, Binet I, Buhler LH, Huynh-Do U, Mueller T, Steiger J, et al. Polymorphisms in the lectin pathway of complement activation influence the incidence of acute rejection and graft outcome after kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2016; 89:927-38; PMID:26924055; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.025
  • Bochud PY, Chien JW, Marr KA, Leisenring WM, Upton A, Janer M, Rodrigues SD, Li S, Hansen JA, Zhao LP, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and aspergillosis in stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:1766-77; PMID:18946062; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0802629
  • Cunha C, Di Ianni M, Bozza S, Giovannini G, Zagarella S, Zelante T, D'Angelo C, Pierini A, Pitzurra L, Falzetti F, et al. Dectin-1 Y238X polymorphism associates with susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis in hematopoietic transplantation through impairment of both recipient- and donor-dependent mechanisms of antifungal immunity. Blood 2010; 116:5394-402; PMID:20807886; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-04-279307
  • Cunha C, Aversa F, Lacerda JF, Busca A, Kurzai O, Grube M, Loffler J, Maertens JA, Bell AS, Inforzato A, et al. Genetic PTX3 deficiency and aspergillosis in stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:421-32; PMID:24476432; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211161
  • Koldehoff M, Beelen DW, Elmaagacli AH. Increased susceptibility for aspergillosis and post-transplant immune deficiency in patients with gene variants of TLR4 after stem cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2013; 15:533-9; PMID:23890253
  • de Boer MG, Jolink H, Halkes CJ, van der Heiden PL, Kremer D, Falkenburg JH, van de Vosse E, van Dissel JT. Influence of polymorphisms in innate immunity genes on susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis after stem cell transplantation. PloS One 2011; 6:e18403; PMID:21483748
  • Ferwerda B, McCall MB, Verheijen K, Kullberg BJ, van der Ven AJ, Van der Meer JW, Netea MG. Functional consequences of toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms. Mol Med 2008; 14:346-52; PMID:18231573; http://dx.doi.org/10.2119/2007-00135.Ferwerda
  • Chai LY, de Boer MG, van der Velden WJ, Plantinga TS, van Spriel AB, Jacobs C, Halkes CJ, Vonk AG, Blijlevens NM, van Dissel JT, et al. The Y238X stop codon polymorphism in the human beta-glucan receptor dectin-1 and susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:736-43; PMID:21242599; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiq102
  • Gessner MA, Werner JL, Lilly LM, Nelson MP, Metz AE, Dunaway CW, Chan YR, Ouyang W, Brown GD, Weaver CT, et al. Dectin-1-dependent interleukin-22 contributes to early innate lung defense against Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect Immun 2012; 80:410-7; PMID:22038916; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.05939-11
  • Steele C, Rapaka RR, Metz A, Pop SM, Williams DL, Gordon S, Kolls JK, Brown GD. The beta-glucan receptor dectin-1 recognizes specific morphologies of Aspergillus fumigatus. PLoS Pathog 2005; 1:e42; PMID:16344862; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0010042
  • Werner JL, Metz AE, Horn D, Schoeb TR, Hewitt MM, Schwiebert LM, Faro-Trindade I, Brown GD, Steele C. Requisite role for the dectin-1 beta-glucan receptor in pulmonary defense against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Immunol 2009; 182:4938-46; PMID:19342673; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0804250
  • Wojtowicz A, Lecompte TD, Bibert S, Manuel O, Rueger S, Berger C, Boggian K, Cusini A, Garzoni C, Hirsch H, et al. PTX3 polymorphisms and invasive mold infections after solid organ transplant. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:619-22; PMID:25977268; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ386
  • Cunha C, Monteiro AA, Oliveira-Coelho A, Kuhne J, Rodrigues F, Sasaki SD, Schio SM, Camargo JJ, Mantovani A, Carvalho A, et al. PTX3-based genetic testing for risk of aspergillosis after lung transplant. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:1893-4; PMID:26261201; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ679
  • Bottazzi B, Bastone A, Doni A, Garlanda C, Valentino S, Deban L, Maina V, Cotena A, Moalli F, Vago L, et al. The long pentraxin PTX3 as a link among innate immunity, inflammation, and female fertility. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 79:909-12; PMID:16478917; http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1005557
  • Garlanda C, Bottazzi B, Salvatori G, De Santis R, Cotena A, Deban L, Maina V, Moalli F, Doni A, Veliz-Rodriguez T, et al. Pentraxins in innate immunity and inflammation. Novartis Found Symp 2006; 279:80-6; discussion 6-91, 216-9; PMID:17278387; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470035399.ch7
  • Mantovani A, Garlanda C, Doni A, Bottazzi B. Pentraxins in innate immunity: from C-reactive protein to the long pentraxin PTX3. J Clin Immunol 2008; 28:1-13; PMID:17828584; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-007-9126-7
  • Garlanda C, Hirsch E, Bozza S, Salustri A, De Acetis M, Nota R, Maccagno A, Riva F, Bottazzi B, Peri G, et al. Non-redundant role of the long pentraxin PTX3 in anti-fungal innate immune response. Nature 2002; 420:182-6; PMID:12432394; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01195
  • Gaziano R, Bozza S, Bellocchio S, Perruccio K, Montagnoli C, Pitzurra L, Salvatori G, De Santis R, Carminati P, Mantovani A, et al. Anti-Aspergillus fumigatus efficacy of pentraxin 3 alone and in combination with antifungals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:4414-21; PMID:15504871; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.11.4414-4421.2004
  • Jaillon S, Peri G, Delneste Y, Fremaux I, Doni A, Moalli F, Garlanda C, Romani L, Gascan H, Bellocchio S, et al. The humoral pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is stored in neutrophil granules and localizes in extracellular traps. J Exp Med 2007; 204:793-804; PMID:17389238; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20061301
  • Salvatori G, Campo S. Current understanding of PTX3 protective activity on Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Med Mycol 2012; 50:225-33; PMID:22309253; http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2011.648215
  • Jiang W, Johnson C, Jayaraman J, Simecek N, Noble J, Moffatt MF, Cookson WO, Trowsdale J, Traherne JA. Copy number variation leads to considerable diversity for B but not A haplotypes of the human KIR genes encoding NK cell receptors. Genome Res 2012; 22:1845-54; PMID:22948769; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.137976.112
  • Gardiner CM. NK cell function and receptor diversity in the context of HCV infection. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1061; PMID:26483779
  • Ivarsson MA, Michaelsson J, Fauriat C. Activating killer cell Ig-like receptors in health and disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:184; PMID:24795726; http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00184
  • Kulkarni S, Martin MP, Carrington M. The Yin and Yang of HLA and KIR in human disease. Semin Immunol 2008; 20:343-52; PMID:18635379; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2008.06.003
  • Cook M, Briggs D, Craddock C, Mahendra P, Milligan D, Fegan C, Darbyshire P, Lawson S, Boxall E, Moss P. Donor KIR genotype has a major influence on the rate of cytomegalovirus reactivation following T-cell replete stem cell transplantation. Blood 2006; 107:1230-2; PMID:16239436; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-03-1039
  • Chen C, Busson M, Rocha V, Appert ML, Lepage V, Dulphy N, Haas P, Socie G, Toubert A, Charron D, et al. Activating KIR genes are associated with CMV reactivation and survival after non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation for malignant disorders. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38:437-44; PMID:16892071; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705468
  • Sobecks RM, Askar M, Thomas D, Rybicki L, Kalaycio M, Dean R, Avery R, Mossad S, Copelan E, Bolwell BJ. Cytomegalovirus reactivation after matched sibling donor reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant correlates with donor killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype. Exp Clin Transplant 2011; 9:7-13; PMID:21605017
  • Zaia JA, Sun JY, Gallez-Hawkins GM, Thao L, Oki A, Lacey SF, Dagis A, Palmer J, Diamond DJ, Forman SJ, et al. The effect of single and combined activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes on cytomegalovirus infection and immunity after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:315-25; PMID:19203722; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.11.030
  • Gallez-Hawkins GM, Franck AE, Li X, Thao L, Oki A, Gendzekhadze K, Dagis A, Palmer J, Nakamura R, Forman SJ, et al. Expression of activating KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS4 genes after hematopoietic cell transplantation: relevance to cytomegalovirus infection. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 17:1662-72; PMID:21596150; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.04.008
  • Xiao HW, Luo Y, Lai XY, Shi JM, Tan YM, He JS, Xie WZ, Zheng WY, Ye XJ, Yu XH, et al. Donor TLR9 gene tagSNPs influence susceptibility to aGVHD and CMV reactivation in the allo-HSCT setting without polymorphisms in the TLR4 and NOD2 genes. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49:241-7; PMID:24121213; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2013.160
  • Carvalho A, Cunha C, Carotti A, Aloisi T, Guarrera O, Di Ianni M, Falzetti F, Bistoni F, Aversa F, Pitzurra L, et al. Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes and susceptibility to infections in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:1022-9; PMID:19539691; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2009.06.004
  • Mezger M, Steffens M, Semmler C, Arlt EM, Zimmer M, Kristjanson GI, Wienker TF, Toliat MR, Kessler T, Einsele H, et al. Investigation of promoter variations in dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) (CD209) and their relevance for human cytomegalovirus reactivation and disease after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:228-34; PMID:18076668; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01902.x
  • Saadi MI, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Geramizadeh B, Ramzi M, Zakerinia M. Association of the costimulatory molecule gene polymorphisms and active cytomegalovirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5833-42; PMID:24057239; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-013-2689-x
  • Chen L, Flies DB. Molecular mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:227-42; PMID:23470321; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3405
  • Sellathamby S, Lakshmi KM, Busson M, Viswabandya A, George B, Mathews V, Chandy M, Charron D, Krishnamoorthy R, Tamouza R, et al. Polymorphisms in the immunoregulatory genes are associated with hematopoietic recovery and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in patients with thalassaemia major undergoing matched related hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:1219-26; PMID:22252124; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.01.011
  • Azarian M, Busson M, Rocha V, Ribaud P, Peffault de Latour R, Bleux H, Lepage V, Charron D, Toubert A, Socie G, et al. The PTPN22 R620W polymorphism is associated with severe bacterial infections after human leukocyte antigen geno-identical haematopoietic stem-cell transplantations. Transplantation 2008; 85:1859-62; PMID:18580482; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e31817729c4
  • Lee KH, Park SS, Kim I, Kim JH, Ra EK, Yoon SS, Hong YC, Park S, Kim BK. P2X7 receptor polymorphism and clinical outcomes in HLA-matched sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2007; 92:651-7; PMID:17488689; http://dx.doi.org/10.3324/haematol.10810
  • Jaskula E, Dlubek D, Duda D, Bogunia-Kubik K, Mlynarczewska A, Lange A. Interferon gamma 13-CA-repeat homozygous genotype and a low proportion of CD4(+) lymphocytes are independent risk factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation with a high number of copies in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:1296-305; PMID:19747638; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.06.008
  • Loeffler J, Steffens M, Arlt EM, Toliat MR, Mezger M, Suk A, Wienker TF, Hebart H, Nurnberg P, Boeckh M, et al. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding chemokine receptor 5, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 contribute to cytomegalovirus reactivation and disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1847-50; PMID:16672419; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.44.5.1847-1850.2006
  • Bravo D, Solano C, Gimenez E, Remigia MJ, Corrales I, Amat P, Navarro D. Effect of the IL28B Rs12979860 C/T polymorphism on the incidence and features of active cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. J Med Virol 2014; 86:838-44; PMID:24374819; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23865
  • Corrales I, Gimenez E, Solano C, Amat P, de la Camara R, Nieto J, Garcia-Noblejas A, Navarro D. Incidence and dynamics of active cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients according to single nucleotide polymorphisms in donor and recipient CCR5, MCP-1, IL-10, and TLR9 genes. J Med Virol 2015; 87:248-55; PMID:25132583; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24050
  • Bogunia-Kubik K, Mlynarczewska A, Jaskula E, Lange A. The presence of IFNG 3/3 genotype in the recipient associates with increased risk for Epstein-Barr virus reactivation after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2006; 132:326-32; PMID:16409297; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05875.x
  • Bogunia-Kubik K, Jaskula E, Lange A. The presence of functional CCR5 and EBV reactivation after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 40:145-50; PMID:17530006; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705703
  • Bogunia-Kubik K, Mizia S, Polak M, Gronkowska A, Nowak J, Kyrcz-Krzemien S, Markiewicz M, Dzierzak-Mietla M, Koclega A, Sedzimirska M, et al. Beneficial effect of the CXCL12-3'A variant for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors. Cytokine 2015; 76:182-6; PMID:25982843; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.001
  • Plantinga TS, van der Velden WJ, Ferwerda B, van Spriel AB, Adema G, Feuth T, Donnelly JP, Brown GD, Kullberg BJ, Blijlevens NM, et al. Early stop polymorphism in human DECTIN-1 is associated with increased candida colonization in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:724-32; PMID:19614557; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/604714
  • Carvalho A, De Luca A, Bozza S, Cunha C, D'Angelo C, Moretti S, Perruccio K, Iannitti RG, Fallarino F, Pierini A, et al. TLR3 essentially promotes protective class I-restricted memory CD8(+) T-cell responses to Aspergillus fumigatus in hematopoietic transplanted patients. Blood 2012; 119:967-77; PMID:22147891; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-06-362582
  • Grube M, Loeffler J, Mezger M, Kruger B, Echtenacher B, Hoffmann P, Edinger M, Einsele H, Andreesen R, Holler E. TLR5 stop codon polymorphism is associated with invasive aspergillosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Med Mycol 2013; 51:818-25; PMID:23862689; http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2013.809630
  • Granell M, Urbano-Ispizua A, Suarez B, Rovira M, Fernandez-Aviles F, Martinez C, Ortega M, Uriburu C, Gaya A, Roncero JM, et al. Mannan-binding lectin pathway deficiencies and invasive fungal infections following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:1435-41; PMID:16982337; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2006.06.005
  • Seo KW, Kim DH, Sohn SK, Lee NY, Chang HH, Kim SW, Jeon SB, Baek JH, Kim JG, Suh JS, et al. Protective role of interleukin-10 promoter gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:1089-95; PMID:16247433; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705181
  • Mezger M, Steffens M, Beyer M, Manger C, Eberle J, Toliat MR, Wienker TF, Ljungman P, Hebart H, Dornbusch HJ, et al. Polymorphisms in the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 are associated with invasive aspergillosis after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation and influence CXCL10 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 2008; 111:534-6; PMID:17957030; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-05-090928
  • Carvalho A, Cunha C, Di Ianni M, Pitzurra L, Aloisi T, Falzetti F, Carotti A, Bistoni F, Aversa F, Romani L. Prognostic significance of genetic variants in the IL-23/Th17 pathway for the outcome of T cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 45:1645-52; PMID:20173782; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2010.28
  • Kesh S, Mensah NY, Peterlongo P, Jaffe D, Hsu K, M VDB O'Reilly R, Pamer E, Satagopan J, Papanicolaou GA. TLR1 and TLR6 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. AnnN Y Acad Sci 2005; 1062:95-103; PMID:16461792; http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1358.012
  • Lupianez CB, Canet LM, Carvalho A, Alcazar-Fuoli L, Springer J, Lackner M, Segura-Catena J, Comino A, Olmedo C, Rios R, et al. Polymorphisms in Host Immunity-Modulating Genes and Risk of Invasive Aspergillosis: Results from the AspBIOmics Consortium. Infect Immun 2015; 84:643-57; PMID:26667837; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01359-15
  • Cunha C, Giovannini G, Pierini A, Bell AS, Sorci G, Riuzzi F, Donato R, Rodrigues F, Velardi A, Aversa F, et al. Genetically-determined hyperfunction of the S100B/RAGE axis is a risk factor for aspergillosis in stem cell transplant recipients. PloS One 2011; 6:e27962; PMID:22114731; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027962
  • Zaas AK, Liao G, Chien JW, Weinberg C, Shore D, Giles SS, Marr KA, Usuka J, Burch LH, Perera L, et al. Plasminogen alleles influence susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000101; PMID:18566672; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000101
  • Broen K, van der Waart AB, Greupink-Draaisma A, Metzig J, Feuth T, Schaap NP, Blijlevens NM, van der Velden WJ, Dolstra H. Polymorphisms in CCR6 are associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease and invasive fungal disease in matched-related hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 17:1443-9; PMID:21763254; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.07.004

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.